LECTIA I

TIMPURILE MODULUI INDICATIV

Exista doua aspecte in limba engleza: simplu si continuu.

In general, timpurile simple se folosesc atunci când accentul se pune pe actiunea
propriu-zisa, iar timpurile continue se folosesc atunci când accentul se pune pe
durata actiunii, pe perioada de timp in care aceasta are loc.
In explicarea intrebuintarii timpurilor continue se va intâlni formularea „actiune in plina
desfasurare". Aceasta inseamna ca actiunea a inceput inainte de momentul la care se
face referire si va continua dupa acel moment. Exista un numar de verbe in limba engleza
care nu se folosesc la forma continua, deoarece ideea de durata e inclusa in continutul lor
semantic. Ex. to want, to like, to dislike, to understand, to owe, to matter, to love, to hate,
to belong, to believe, to remember, to know.

A. Present Tense Simple

Afirmativ Negativ

I work I do not (don’t) work

You work You do not (don’t) work
He/she/it works He/she/it does not (doesn’t) work
We work We do not (don’t) work
You work You do not (don’t) work
They work They do not (don’t) work

Interogativ

Do I work? Do we work?
Do you work? Do you work?
Does he/she/it work? Do they work?

Present Tense Simple se foloseste pentru a arata o actiune regulata, obisnuita, in perioada
prezenta.
Ex. What do you do? (Cu ce te ocupi?) I am a student.
What time do you usually have breakfast?

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 Present Tense Continuous

Se conjuga verbul „to be" la timpul prezent si se adauga forma -ing a verbului de
conjugat.

Afirmativ

I am working We are working.

You are working You are working
He/she/it is working They are working

Negativ

I am not working.
You are not (aren’t) working.
He/she/it is not (isn’t) working.
We are not (aren’t) working.
You are not (aren’t) working.
They are not (aren’t) working.

Interogativ

Am I working? Are we working?

Are you working? Are you working?
Is he/she/it working? Are they working?

Present Tense Continuous se foloseste pentru a arata o actiune in plina desfasurare in

momentul prezent.
Ex. Where are you going?
I am going to school.
De asemenea poate arata o actiune care se desfasoara pe timp limitat in perioada
prezenta.
Ex.: I go to school by bus this week. My father is taking me in his car.

Uneori se poate folosi timpul Present Tense Continuous cu adverbul always, pentru a
arata o actiune repetata. In acest caz, exista o conotatie afectiva (nemultumire) sau
actiunea respectiva este caracteristica pentru acea persoana.
Ex. You are always losing your things.
You are always grumbling when I ask you to help me in the kitchen.

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 Exercitii cu Present Simple si Present Continuous

1. Puneti verbele din urmatoarele propozitii (Present Simple) la interogativ si

negativ:

Nota: Verbul „to have", atunci când nu inseamna „a avea, a poseda", ci este parte dintr-o
expresie (to have breakfast, to have a shower, to have a party), formeaza negativul si
interogativul cu ajutorul auxiliarului „to do".

1. I love my brother.
2. She talks too much.
3. I understand you.
4. You play the piano very well.
5. I always believe you.
6. He remembers my phone number.
7. They live in Bucharest.
8. He has a hot bath every day.
9. I trust my friend.
10. I have lunch at one o’clock.

Exercitiul l:

1. I don’t love. Do I love? 2. She doesn’t talk. Does she talk? 3. I don’t understand. Do
I understand? 4. You don’t play. Do you play? 5. I don’t always believe. Do I always
believe? 6. He doesn’t remember. Does he remember? 7. They don’t live. Do they live? 8.
He doesn’t have. Does he have? 9. I don’t trust. Do I trust? 10. I don’t have. Do I have?

2. Puneti verbele din urmatoarele propozitii (Present Continuous) la negativ si

interogativ:
1. It is raining.
2. I am having a walk.
3. He is telling the truth.
4. You are typing a letter.
5. They are swimming in the river.
6. My friend is wearing a new dress.
7. My mother is resting.
8. We are studying English.
9. Ann is knitting.
10. The child is learning to play the piano.

Exercitiul 2:

l. It isn’t raining. Is it raining? 2. I am not having. Am I having? 3. He isn’t telling. Is

he telling? 4. You aren’t typing. Are you typing? 5. They aren’t swimming. Are they
swimming? 6. My friend isn’t wearing. Is my friend wearing? 7. My mother isn’t resting.

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Is my mother resting? 8. We aren’t studying. Are we studying? 9. Ann isn’t knitting. Is
Ann knitting? 10. The child isn’t learning. Is the child learning?

3. Puneti verbele din paranteze la Present Simple sau la Present Continuous:

1. I (not go) shopping because it (rain).
2. What you (do) on Sundays?
3. He usually (drink) coffee but now he (drink) tea.
4. In England it often (rain).
5. I (not like) that boy.
6. He usually (speak) so quickly that I (not understand) him.
7. You (like) this book?
8. You (dream) at night?
9. I can’t answer the phone now because I (cook).
10. How you usually (get) to work? I usually (go) by bus, but now I
(take) a taxi because I am late.
11. The manager can’t receive you now as he (have) an interview.
12. You (write) to John now?
Yes, I (be). I always (write) to him on his birthday.
13. Where you (hurry)?
To the theatre, as I (not want) to miss the first act.
14. She always (borrow) books from me and never (remember) to give
them back.
15. You (go) to work every day?
Yes, of course, except Saturdays and Sundays.
16. Why you (smoke) so much?
17. Who you (wait) for?
I (wait) for John, but he is late, as usual.
18. I always (have) a rest after lunch.
19. What you (think) of?
I (think) of my mother just now.
20. You (know) what time is it?

l. I am not going, it is raining. 2. do you do? 3. drinks, is drinking. 4. it often rains. 5. 1

don’t like. 6. speaks, don’t understand. 7. Do you like? 8. Do you dream? I dream 9. 1 am
cooking. 10. Do you usually get, go, am taking. 11. he is having. 12. Are you writing, am,
write. 13. are you hurrying? I don’t want. 14. always borrow/is always borrowing,
remembers. 15. Do you go? 16. Do you smoke? 17. are you waiting? I am waiting. 18. I
always have. 19. are you thinking? I am thinking. 20. Do you know?

4. Traduceti in limba engleza:

1. Iarna ninge.
2. Duminica el nu se scoala devreme.
3. Eu nu studiez seara.
4. Ce faci? Citesti sau privesti la televizor?
5. Secretara tocmai bate la masina un referat.
6. Ea merge la cumparaturi sâmbata.

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 7. Acum imi fac temele la engleza.
8. Nu-mi place cafeaua.
9. Ce carte citesti?
10. La ce ora se scoala John dimineata?
11. Ce faci tu in zilele libere?
12. Cui ii telefonezi?
13. El nu merge la scoala cu metroul, merge pe jos.
14. De ce deschizi fereastra?
15. Adesea citesc carti englezesti.
16. Ea isi face bagajul.
17. Cât de des le scrii parintilor tai?
18. Când merg la mare imi place sa inot mult.
19. Clientul tocmai isi alege o pereche de pantofi.

Exercitiul 4:

l. It snows in winter. 2. On Sundays, he doesn’t get up early. 3. I do not study in the

evening. 4. What are you doing? Are you reading or watching TV? 5. The secretary is just
typing a report. 6. She goes shopping on Saturdays. 7. Now I am doing my homework in
English. 8. I don’t like coffee. 9. What book are you reading? 10. At what time does John
get up in the morning? 11. What do you do on your free days? 12. Whom are you ringing
up? 13. He doesn’t go to school by underground, he walks. 14. Why are you opening the
window? I5. I often read English books. 16. She is packing her luggage. 17. How often
do you write to your parents? 18. When I go to the seaside, I like to swim a lot. 19. The
customer is just choosing a pair of shoes. 20. What are you speaking about?

B. Past Tense Simple

Past Tense Simple se formeaza prin adaugarea terminatiei – ed in cazul verbelor regulate.
Ex. to work – worked
Daca verbul este neregulat, Past Tense trebuie invatat din tabelul de verbe neregulate care
indica cele trei forme de baza ale verbului:

forma I – infinitiv, forma II- Paste Tense, forma III – participiul trecut.
Ex. to speak – spoke – spoken

Afirmativ

worked
I/you/he/she/it/we/they spoke

Negativ

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 work
I/you/he/she/it/we/they did not
speak

Interogativ

work?
Did I/you/he/she/it/we/they
speak?

Forma prescurtata a lui did not este didn’t (I didn’t work).

Past Tense Simple arata o actiune trecuta, terminata, efectuata intr-o perioada de timp
trecuta, terminata.
Este timpul de naratiune.
Se traduce, de obicei, cu perfectul compus.
Ex. Yesterday I went for a walk.
(Ieri am mers al plimbare.)
Last year I travelled to England.

(Anul trecut am calatorit in Anglia.)

Past Tense Continuous

Se formeaza prin conjugarea verbului „to be" la trecut (Past Tense) si adaugarea formei
-ing a verbului de conjugat.

Afirmativ

I was working We were working

You were working You were working
He/she/it was working They were working

Negativ

I was not working We were not working

You were not working You were not working
He/she/it was not working They were not working

Formele prescurtate sunt:

was not – wasn’t I wasn’t working.
were not – weren’t They weren’t working.

Interogativ

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 Was I working? Were we working?
Were you working? Were you working?
Was he/she/it working? Were they working?

Arata o actiune in plina desfasurare intr-un moment din trecut.

Se traduce, de obicei, cu imperfectul.
Ex. This time yesterday, I was watching TV.
(Ieri pe vremea asta priveam la televizor.)
Adesea, in aceeasi fraza, este posibil sa apara un verb folosit la Past Continuous si un
verb folosit la Past Simple. In acest caz, verbul la Past Continuous (tradus cu
imperfectul), reprezinta fundalul de timp pe care se petrece actiunea exprimata de Past
Simple (tradus cu perfectul compus).
Ex. While I was crossing the street, I met John.
Este, de asemenea, posibil sa apara intr-o fraza timpul Past Continuous in mod repetat.
In aceasta situatie, ambele verbe se traduc cu imperfectul, ele aratând actiuni paralele, in
plina desfasurare, intr-un moment trecut.
Ex. While John was reading, his sister was watching TV.
(In timp ce John citea, sora lui privea la televizor.)

Exercitii cu Past Tense Simple si Continuous

1. Puneti verbele din urmatoarele propozitii la Past Tense Simple:

1. I sleep until 9 o’clock every day.

2. He meets John on Sundays.
3. You speak English well.
4. You drink too much.
5. You ask too many questions.
6. I play football.
7. I own two umbrellas.
8. I like to have a coffee in the morning.
9. That sounds interesting.
10. I always make cakes on Sundays.

Exercitiul 1:

1. I slept. 2. He met. 3. You spoke. 4. You drank. 5. You asked. 6. I played. 7. I owned.
8. 1 liked. 9. That sounded. 10. I always made.

2. Puneti verbele din urmatoarele propozitii la negativ si interogativ:

1. He thought about you.

2. They drank all the wine.
3. I hated him.
4. He changed his library book every day.
5. I sold my car.

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 6. We worked very hard.
7. He came home late.
8. I enjoyed travelling.
9. He translated the text.
10. He forbade her to do this.

Exercitiul 2:

1. He didn’t think. Did he think? 2. They didn’t drink. Did they drink? 3. I didn’t hate.
Did I hate? 4. He didn’t change. Did he change? 5. I didn’t sell. Did I sell? 6. We didn’t
work. Did we work? 7. He didn’t come. Did he come? 8. I didn’t enjoy. Did I enjoy? 9.
He didn’t translate. Did he translate? 10. He didn’t forbid. Did he forbid?

3. Puneti verbele din paranteze la Past Tense Simple sau Continuous:

1. When you (come in), I talk on the phone.

2. When I first (meet) him, he (work) in a bank.
3. While he (learn) to drive, he (have) an accident.
4. As I (write), someone (ring up).
5. Where you (go) when I (meet) you?
6. What you (do) this time yesterday?
7. When I (enter) the classroom, the teacher (write) on the blackboard.
8. When I (arrive), she (have) dinner.
9. This time last Sunday, I (watch) a film on TV.
10. He suddenly (realize) that he (not wear) his glasses.

Exercitiul 3:

1. you came in, I was talking. 2. 1 first met, he was working. 3. he was-learning, he
had. 4. I was writing, someone rang up. 5. were you going, I met. 6. were you doing? 7. I
entered, the teacher was writing. 8. I arrived, she was having. 9. I was watching. 10. he
realized, he wasn’t wearing.

4. Traduceti in limba engleza:

1. Soarele nu a apus la ora 8 aseara.

2. Ai dormit bine noaptea trecuta?
3. Ieri nu am mers la bazinul de inot.
4. M-am sculat târziu ieri dimineata.
5. Duminica trecuta prietenii mei au jucat sah.
6. Ieri pe vremea asta ploua.
7. Ce faceai martea trecuta la ora 7 dimineata?
8. Ma pregateam sa merg la facultate.
9. In timp ce imi cautam pasaportul am gasit aceasta fotografie veche.
10. Baietii jucau carti când l-au auzit pe tatal lor intrând in casa.
11. Ei au ascuns imediat cartile si si-au scos manualele de scoala.

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 12. Când te-ai intors de la munte?
13. Când ai cumparat acest televizor?
14. Ieri mi-am pierdut manusile.
15. Batea un vânt puternic când am iesit din casa.
16. Unde ti-ai petrecut concediul vara trecuta?
17. Ieri m-am sculat devreme, mi-am luat micul dejun si apoi am plecat la scola.
18. Acum doua zile am cazut si mi-am rupt piciorul.
19. Saptamâna trecuta am fost bolnav si nu am mers la scoala.
20. El a dat primul examen saptamâna trecuta.
21. Cine a câstigat meciul alaltaieri?
22. In timp ce ploua, eu conduceam masina spre Sinaia.

Exercitiul 4:

1. Last night, the sun didn’t set at 8 o’clock. 2. Did you sleep well last night? 3.
Yesterday, I didn’t go to the swimming pool. 4. I got up late yesterday morning. 5. Last
Sunday, my friends played chess. 6. This time yesterday it was raining. 7. What were you
doing last Tuesday, at 7 o’clock in the morning? I was preparing to go to the faculty. 8.
While I was looking for my passport, I found this old photo. 9. The boys were playing
cards when they heard their father entering the house. They hid the cards away and took
out their school books. 10. When did you return from the mountains? 11. When did you
buy this TV set? 12. Yesterday I lost my gloves. 13. A strong wind was blowing when I
left the house. 14. Where did you spend your holiday last summer? 15. Yesterday I got up
early, I had breakfast and then I left for school. 16. Two days ago I fell and I broke my
leg. 17. Last week I was ill and 1 didn’t go to school. 18. He sat for his first exam last
week. 19. Who won the match the day before yesterday? 20. While it was raining, I was
driving to Sinaia.

C. Present Perfect Simple

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Timpul Present Perfect Simple se formeaza prin conjugarea verbului „to have" la prezent,
la care se adauga forma a treia (participiul trecut) a verbului de conjugat.

Afirmativ

I have worked We have worked

You have worked You have worked
He/she/it has worked They have worked

Negativ

I have not (haven’t) worked.

He/she/it has not (hasn’t) worked.

Interogativ

Have I worked?
Has he/she/it worked?

Timpul Present Perfect este un timp de relatie. El arata o legatura intre trecut si momentul
prezent.
Timpul Present Perfect Simple se foloseste in urmatoarele situatii:

 arata o actiune inceputa in trecut care continua pâna in prezent. Cu acest sens se
folosesc de obicei prepozitiile since (din, incepând din) si for (de, timp de).

Ex. I haven’t seen John for two months.

(Nu l-am vazut pe John de doua luni.)
I haven’t seen John since September.
(Nu l-am vazut pe John din septembrie.)
I have known John for two years.
(Il cunosc pe John de doi ani.)
I have known John since 1990.
(Il cunosc pe John din 1990.)
 arata o actiune trecuta, efectuata intr-o perioada de timp neterminata. In acest caz,
folosirea lui este insotita de adverbe precum: today, this week, this month, this
year.

Ex. I have seen two films this week.

(Am vazut doua filme saptamâna aceasta.)
Daca adverbul de timp este „this morning", folosirea timpului verbal este conditionata de
momentul in care se face afirmatia; daca aceasta este in cursul diminetii (pâna la ora 12)
sau dupa amiaza.

Ex. ora 10 a.m.

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 I haven’t got up early this morning.
ora 2 p.m.
I didn’t get up early this morning.
Traducerea celor doua propozitii in limba româna este identica.
Nu m-am sculat devreme azi dimineata.
 arata o actiune trecuta, terminata, care are rezultate in prezent sau care, dintr-un
motiv sau altul, intereseaza in prezent.

Ex. Have you seen Hamlet?

(Ai vazut Hamlet?)
I have lost my umbrella. I must buy a new one.
(Mi-am pierdut umbrela. Trebuie sa-mi cumpar una noua.)
Trebuie precizat faptul ca, daca se mentioneaza momentul trecut in care a avut loc
actiunea care intereseaza in prezent sau care are rezultate in prezent, nu mai poate
fi folosit timpul Present Perfect. In acest caz, se foloseste Past Simple.
Ex. I lost my umbrella yesterday. I must buy a new one.
De asemenea, daca se pune o intrebate referitoare la trecut care incepe cu „when", nu se
poate folosi timpul Present Perfect, intrucât „when" reprezinta un moment precizat in
trecut.
Ex. When did you see Hamlet?
I saw it last week.
Timpul Present Perfect nu poate fi folosit cu un adverb de timp precizat in trecut.
Se foloseste cu adverbe de timp neprecizat care leaga trecutul de prezent.
Adverbe de timp neprecizat care se aseaza intre auxiliar si verb: often, never,
seldom, always, ever, already, just.
Ex. Have you ever been to England?
(Ai fost vreodata in Anglia?)
No, I have never been to England.
Yes, I have often been to England.
Adverbe de timp neprecizat care stau la sfârsitul propozitiei: lately, yet (in
propozitii negative).
Ex. He hasn’t returned home yet.
(El nu s-a intors inca acasa.)
I haven’t seen him lately.
(Nu l-am vazut in ultimul timp.)
Dupa cum se poate observa, timpul Present Perfect Simple se traduce in
româneste fie cu prezentul, fie cu perfectul compus, in functie de context.

Present Perfect Continuous

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 Se formeaza cu Present Perfect Simple al verbului „to be", la care se adauga forma
-ing a verbului de conjugat.

Afirmativ

I have been working We have been working

You have been working You have been working
He/she/it has been working They have been working

Negativ

I have not (haven’t) been working.

He has not (hasn’t) been working.

Interogativ

Have I been working?

Has he been working?

Timpul Present Perfect Continuous arata o actiune in plina desfasurare, cu accent

pe durata, intre un moment trecut si prezent.
Ex. I am tired because I have been working all day.
(Sunt obosit pentru ca am muncit toata ziua.)
De asemene, poate arata probabilitatea ca actiunea inceputa in trecut, care continua
in prezent, sa continue si in viitor.
Ex. It has been raining for three hours. If it doesn’t stop soon, we shall have floods.
(Ploua de trei ore. Daca nu se opreste in curând, vom avea inundatii.)
Ca si Present Perfect Simple, se poate traduce cu prezentul sau cu perfectul compus din
limba româna.

Exercitii cu Present Perfect Simple si Continuous

1. Folositi Present Perfect Simple in locul infinitivelor din paranteze:

1. Where you (be)? I (be) to the market.

2. You (water) the flowers?
3. He just (leave) home.
4. I (lend) him some money today.
5. There isn’t any train service because the engine – drivers (go) on strike.
6. Would you like a cake?
7. No, thank you, I just (have) one.
8. I already (see) this film.
9. He (not come) home yet.
10. I (not be) to the seaside this year.
11. I (buy) a new house. You must come and see it.
12. You (visit) the Village Museum?

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 13. You ever (eat) caviar?
14. I (not write) to my friend for three months.
15. It (not rain) since December.
16. You ever (drive) a car?
17. He always (rely on) his friend.
18. You (read) Sorescu’s last book?
19. You (pay) the telephone bill?
20. He (not go) to bed yet.
21. How long you (live) here?
22. I (live) here for one year.

l. Have you been? I have been. 2. Have you watered? 3. He has just left. 4. I have lent. 5.
the engine – drivers have gone. 6. I have just had. 7. I have already seen. 8. He hasn’t
come. 9. I haven’t been. 10. I have bought. 11. Have you visited? 12. Have you ever
eaten? 13. I haven’t written. 14. 1t hasn’t rained. I5. Have you ever driven? 16. He has
always relied. 17. Have you read? 18. Have you paid? 19. He hasn’t gone. 20. Have you
lived? I have lived.

2. Folositi Present Perfect Simple sau Continuous in locul infinitivelor din

paranteze:

1. He (fish) for two hours but he (catch) nothing yet.

2. We (know) each other for several years.
3. The radio (play) since 7 a.m. I’m tired of it.
4. I (shop) all day and I want to have a rest now.
5. How long you (wear) glasses?
6. I (cook) all the morning.
7. How many dishes you (cook)?
8. Why you (be) in the garden so long?
9. I (water) the flowers.
10. He (sleep) for 10 hours now. It’s time we woke him up.
11. I (ask) you to clean your room for two days. When are you going to do it?
12. Ever since that woman came to work here, she (try) to make trouble.

Exercitiul 2:

l. He has been fishing, he has caught. 2. We have known. 3. The radio has been
playing. 4. I have’ been shopping. 5. have you been wearing? 6. I have been cooking,
have you cooked? 7. have you been, I have been watering. 8. He has been sleeping. 9. I
have been asking. 10. she has been trying.

3. Folositi Present Perfect Simple sau Continuous sau Past Tense Simple in locul
infinitivelor:

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 1. I (lose) my pen. You (not see) it anywhere?
No, I haven’t. When you (use) it last?
2. Your ever (try) to give up smoking?
Yes, I (try) last year but I (not succeed).
3. You (see) your mother this week?
No, she (leave) for Brasov a week ago.
4. You (be) out of work long?
5. I am not out of work now. I (get) a job last month.
6. I (wear) my hair long since I (be) a little girl.
7. She (change) a lot since I (see) her last.
8. I (do) a lot of work since I (get up) in the morning.
9. The child (play) the piano since I (return) from school.
10. It (rain) since we (leave) Bucharest.
11. He (be) very ill since the holidays (begin).

Exercitiul 3:

I. I have lost; haven’t you seen? did you use? 2. Have you ever tried? I tried, I didn’t
succeed. 3. Have you seen? she left. 4. Have you been; I got. 5. I have been wearing, I
was. 6. She has changed, I saw. 7. I have been doing, I got up. 8. The child has been
playing, I returned. 9. It has been raining, we left. 10. He has been, began.

4. Traduceti in limba engleza folosind Past Tense Simple sau Present Perfect
Simple sau Continuous:

1. Cine te-a invatat sa vorbesti engleza atât de bine?

2. Unde ti-ai petrecut vacanta anul acesta?
3. M-am gândit adesea sa-mi iau carnet de conducere.
4. De cât timp inveti engleza?
5. Vremea s-a incalzit in ultimul timp.
6. El este ministru de doi ani.
7. Traduc un text de doua ore si nu l-am terminat inca.
8. El a scris numai doua scrisori de când a plecat in strainatate.
9. Un copil a spart geamul. Trebuie sa-l inlocuim.
10. Ninge de doua ore.
11. Am mers pe jos 10 km pâna acum.
12. Mergem pe jos de la ora 3.
13. De când mi-am cumparat masina, am mers arareori pe jos la slujba.
14. La ce te-ai uitat?
15. A fost un accident.
16. Cu cine ai votat la ultimele alegeri?
17. Nu am mers la vot. Am stat acasa si nu am regretat nici o clipa.
18. Ai vazut ziarul de azi?
19. A plecat John?
20. Da, a plecat acum o ora.
21. Ti-ai luat deja micul dejun?

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 22. Da, l-am luat la ora 8.
23. Ai mai fost in acest oras?
24. Da, am petrecut o luna aici, acum doi ani.
25. Ei lucreaza la aceasta casa de un an si nu au terminat-o inca.

Exercitiul 4:

1. Who has taught you to speak English so well? 2. Where have you spent your holiday
this year? 3. I have often thought of taking a driving licence. 4. How long have you been
learning English? 5. The weather has got warmer lately. 6. He has been a Minister for two
years. 7. I have been translating a text for two hours and I haven’t finished it yet. 8. He
has written only two letters since he went abroad. 9. A child has broken the window. We
must replace it. 10. It has been snowing for two hours. 11. We have walked 10 km so far.
12. We have been walking since 3 o clock. 13. Since I bought a car, I have seldom walked
to my office. 14. What did you look at? It was an accident. 15. Who did you vote for at
the last elections? I didn’t go to vote. I stayed at home and I haven’t regretted it for a
moment! 16. Have you seen today’s newspaper? 17. Has John left? Yes, he left an hour
ago. 18. Have you already had breakfast? Yes, I had it at 8 o’clock. 19. Have you been to
this town before? Yes, I spent a month here, two years ago. 20. They have been working
on this house for a year and they haven’t finished it yet.

D. Past Perfect Simple

Se formeaza cu verbul „to have" la Past Tense Simple, la care se adauga forma III (past
participle) a verbului de conjugat.

Afirmativ

I had worked.

Negativ

I had not (hadn’t) worked.

Interogativ

Had I worked?

Acest timp are aceeasi forma la toate persoanele. Este, ca si Present Perfect, un verb
de relatie, dar, in acest caz, este vorba de o relatie intre doua momente trecute.
Arata o actiune trecuta care a avut loc inaintea unei alte actiuni sau a unui moment
din trecut.
Ex. Yesterday at 9 o’clock I had had breakfast.
(Ieri la ora 9 luasem micul dejun.)
When you rang me up, I had finished writing my homework.

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 (Când mi-ai telefonat, terminasem de scris temele.)
Ca sens, echivalentul in limba româna al acestui timp este mai mult ca perfectul. Se
poate traduce cu mai mult ca perfectul sau perfectul compus.

Past Perfect Continuous

Se formeaza cu Past Perfect Simple al verbului „to be", la care se adauga forma -ing a
verbului de conjugat.

Afirmativ

I had been working.

Negativ

I had not (hadn’t) been working.

Interogativ

Had I been working?

Aceste forme se pastreaza la toate persoanele.

Timpul Past Perfect Continuous arata o actiune in plina desfasurare intre doua
momente trecute. De asemenea, când in aceeasi fraza in propozitia principala se afla
un verb la Past Tense, Past Perfect Continuous poate prelua functiile lui Present
Perfect Cotinuous in propozitia secundara.
Ex. When he entered the room, she had been typing for one hour.
(Când el a intrat in camera, ea batea la masina de o ora.)
After John had been watching TV for 10 minutes, he got bored.
(Dupa ce John privise (a privit) la televizor 10 minute, s-a plictisit.)
He said it had been raining for three days.
(El a spus ca ploua de trei zile.)
Dupa cum se observa, acest timp se poate traduce cu mai mult ca perfectul, perfectul
compus sau imperfectul din limba româna.

Exercitii cu Past Simple si Continuous

1. Puneti verbele din paranteze la Past Perfect Simple:

1. After they (finish) dinner, they drank some coffee.

2. She said she already (be) to England.
3. He asked me whether I (meet) John before.
4. She discovered her child (not tell) the truth.
5. He told me he (catch) some fish on that day.
6. At 3 o’clock on Friday, I (return) from school.

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 7. The house was much smaller then he (think) at first.
8. The fire (spread) to the next building when the firemen arrived.
9. We were shocked to hear she (not pass) the exam.
10. The child (eat) all the cakes before his mother became aware of it.

Exercitiul 1:

1. they had finished. 2. she had already been. 3. I had met. 4. had not told. 5. he had
caught. 6. I had returned. 7. he had thought. 8. had spread. 9. she had not passed. 10. had
eaten.

2. Puneti verbele din paranteze la Past Perfect Continuous:

1. When I left home, it (rain) for one hour.

2. When we met them, they (wait) for the bus for half an hour.
3. When I arrived home, mother (cook) for two hours.
4. When she sat for the exam, she (study) the subject for a week.
5. When I rang her up, she (write) letters for one hour.
6. When she decided to have a rest, she (clean) and (dust) for 5 hours.
7. After Jane (swim) for half an hour, she felt chilly.
8. When I called on her unexpectedly, I realized she (have) a party.
9. When we reached the top, we (climb) for 7 hours.
10. When we arrived at Sinaia, somebody told us it (rain) for hours.

Exercitiul 2:

1. it had been raining. 2. they had been waiting. 3. had been cooking. 4. she had been
studying. 5. she had been writing. 6. she had been cleaning and dusting. 7. had been
swimming. 8. had been having. 9. had been climbing. 10. it had been raining.

3. Puneti verbele din paranteza la Past Perfect Simple sau Continuous sau la Past
Tense Simple:

1. The professor (speak) for 10 minutes when I (enter) the hall.

2. After John (listen to) the news bulletin, he (go) downstairs to have dinner.
3. He (tell) me he (be) to the theatre the day before.
4. We (ask) him what countries he (visit).
5. He (learn) English for two years before he (go) to England for the first time.
6. She just (go) out when I (call at) her house.
7. The river became deeper after it (rain) heavily for a few hours.
8. After John (leave), she (tell) me they (be) friends for five years.
9. After we (walked) for an hour, we (realize) we (lose) our way.
10. When I (find out) he (get married), I (ring up) him and (congratulate) him.

Exercitiul 3:

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 1. had been speaking, I entered. 2. had listened, he went. 3. he told, he had been. 4. we
asked, he had visited. 5. he had learned/he had been learning, he went. 6. She had just
gone out, I called. 7. it had been raining. 8. had left, she told, they had been. 9. we had
been walking, we realized, we had lost. 10. I found out, he had got married, I rang him
up, congratulated.

4. Traduceti in limba engleza folosind Past Perfect Simple sau Continuous sau
Past Tense Simple:

1. Mi-a parut rau ca il jignisem.

2. El mi-a multumit pentru ceea ce facusem pentru el.
3. De indata ce a terminat de scris lucrarea, a inmânat-o profesorului.
4. El nu facuse nimic inainte de a-mi cere mie sfatul.
5. De indata ce au plecat musafirii, am mers la culcare.
6. Când am ajuns la statia de autobuz, mi-am dat seama ca imi lasasem poseta acasa.
7. Secretara mi-a spus ca directorul vorbea la telefon de o jumatate de ora.
8. Ei mi-au spus ca locuiau in Franta din 1980.
9. Nu ti-am telefonat pentru ca am crezut ca plecasesi in strainatate.
10. Ei au calatorit in multe tari dupa ce s-au casatorit.

Exercitiul 4:

1. I was sorry I had hurt him. 2. He thanked me for what I had done for him. 3. As soon
as he had finished writing the paper, he handed it to the teacher. 4. He hadn’t done
anything before he asked for my advice. 5. As soon as the guests had left, I went to bed.
6. When I arrived at the bus stop, I realized I had left my bag at home. 7. The secretary
told me the manager had been speaking on the phone for half an hour. 8. They told me
they had been living in France since 1980. 9. I didn’t phone you because I thought you
had gone abroad. 10. They travelled to many countries after they had got married.

E. Future Tense Simple

Se formeaza cu shall sau will la persoana I, will la persoana II si III, la care se adauga
infinitivul verbului de conjugat.

Afirmativ

I (shall) will go We (shall) will go

You will go You will go
He/she/it will go They will go

Negativ

I (shall) will not go We (shall) will not go

You will not go You will not go
He/she/it will not go They will not go

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 Forma scurta pentru „shall not" este shan’t, iar pentru „will not" este won’t.

Interogativ

Shall I go? Shall we go?

Will you go? Will you go?
Will he/she/it/ go? Will they go?

Trebuie remarcat faptul ca la interogativ persoana I, se foloseste numai „shall".

Acest timp arata o actiune viitoare obisnuita. Se traduce cu viitorul din limba româna.
Ex. I (shall) will meet him next week.
(Il voi intâlni saptamâna viitoare.)

Future Continuous

Se formeaza cu viitorul simplu al verbului „to be", la care se adauga forma -ing a
verbului de conjugat.

Afirmativ

I (shall) will be going.

You will be going.
He/she/it will be going.
We (shall) will be going.
You will be going.
They will be going.

Negativ

I (shall) will not be going.

You will not be going.
He/she/it will not be going.
We (shall) will not be going.
You will not be going.
They will not be going.

Interogativ

Shall I be going? Shall we be going?

Will you be going? Will you be going?
Will he/she/it be going? Will they be going?

Acest timp arata o actiune in plina desfasurare intr-un moment viitor.

Ex. At three o’clock, I will be travelling to England.
(Mâine la ora trei voi calatori spre Anglia.)
Se traduce cu viitorul din limba româna.

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 Future Perfect Simple

Se formeaza cu shall sau will, la care se adauga infinitivul trecut al verbului de

conjugat. (have + forma III).

Afirmativ

I (shall) will have gone.

You will have gone.
He/she/it will have gone.
We (shall) will have gone.
You will have gone.
They will have gone.

Negativ

I (shall) will not have gone.

You will not have gone.
He/she/it will not have gone.
We (shall) will not have gone.
You will not have gone.
They will not have gone.

Interogativ

Shall I have gone? Shall we have gone?

Will you have gone? Will you have gone?
Will he/she/it have gone? Will they have gone?

Acest timp arata o actiune anterioara unei alte actiuni sau unui moment viitor. Se
traduce cu timpul viitor anterior din limba româna.
Ex. By three o’clock tomorrow, I will have reached Predeal.
(Mâine pâna la ora trei voi fi ajuns la Predeal.)

Future Perfect Continuous

Se formeaza cu Future Perfect al verbului „to be", la care se adauga forma -ing a
verbului de conjugat.
Ex. I (shall) will have been going.
When you come home, I will have been studying for three hours.
Când vei veni tu acasa, voi studia (voi fi studiat) de trei ore.
Arata o actiune in plina desfasurare intre doua momente viitoare. Se traduce cu viitorul
simplu sau cu viitorul anterior din limba româna.
Este un timp rar folosit.

Future-in-the-Past Simple

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 Se formeaza cu should (persoana I) sau would (toate persoanele), la care se adauga
infinitivul verbului de conjugat.

Afirmativ

I (should) would go We (should) would go

You would go You would go
He/she/it would go They would go

Negativ

I (should) would not go We (should) would not go

You would not go You would not go
He/she/it would not go They would not go

Forma scurta de la „should not" este shouldn’t, iar cea de la „would not" este wouldn’t.
Acest timp este folosit in concordanta timpurilor pentru a arata o actiune posterioara
unui moment sau unei actiuni din trecut.
Ex. He said he would be late.
(El a spus ca va intârzia.)
Intrucât nu poate fi intâlnit decât in propozitii secundare (dupa un verb la timpul trecut
in propozitia principala), nu se pune problema folosirii lui a interogativ decât in intrebari
disjunctive.

Future-in-the-Past Continuous

Se formeaza cu Future-in-the-Past Simple al verbului „to be", la care se adauga forma

-ing a verbului de conjugat.

I should (would) be going.

Este un timp destul de rar folosit. Preia functiile lui Future Tense Continuous intr-o
propozitie secundara, atunci când in principala se afla un verb la trecut.
Ex. He said that at 3 o’clock, the next day, he would be travelling to England.
(El a spus ca in ziua urmatoare, la ora 3, va calatori spre Anglia.)

Alte mijloace de exprimare a viitorului

 Present Simple + adverb de timp viitor. Intr-un astfel de context, arata un program
precis, bine stabilit.

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 Ex. I leave for London tomorrow.
(Plec/voi pleca la Londra mâine.)
 Present Continuous + adverb de timp viitor. Arata o intentie, un aranjament
prealabil pentru viitorul apropiat.

Ex. I am meeting John this morning.

(Il intâlnesc/il voi intâlni pe John in dimineata aceasta.)
 Expresia „to be going to" + infinitiv. Arata de asemenea o intentie sau o
probabilitate.

Ex. I am going to read this book.

(Voi citi/am de gând sa citesc aceasta carte.)
It is going to rain.

Exercitii cu timpurile „Future"

1. Puneti verbele din paranteze la timpul Future Simple:

1. I (know) the results in three days’ time.

2. You (be) in London tomorrow.
3. You (recognize) him when you see him?
4. I (remember) this day all my life.
5. I am sure you (like) this book.
6. He (be) pleased if you invite him.
7. I am sure I (succeed).
8. You (remember) to post my letter?
9. I hope I (pass) the exam.
10. You (not find) a solution if you don’t know the whole truth.

Exercitiul 1:

1. I shall/will know. 2. You will be. 3. Will you recognize? 4. I shall/will remember. 5.
You will like. 6. He will be. 7. I shall/will succeed. 8. Wil1 you remember? 9. I shall/will
pass. 10. You will not/won’t find.

2. Puneti verbele din paranteze la timpul Future Continuous:

1. This time next month, I (swim) in the sea.

2. When you reach Sinaia, it probably (rain).
3. Don’t ring her up at 8 o’clock p.m. She (watch) TV.
4. You (need) the vacuum cleaner tomorrow or may I borrow it?
5. I am sure when I arrive home, the baby (cry).
6. Let’s hurry to the beach. The sun (rise) in 10 minutes.
7. He (study) all day tomorrow.
8. This time next day, we (climb) the mountain.
9. Tomorrow morning at 8 o’clock, I (have) breakfast.

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 10. Don’t expect me home for dinner, I (work) at the office till late at night.

Exercitiul 2:

1. I shall/will be swimming. 2. it will probably be raining. 3. She will be watching. 4.

Will you be needing? 5. will be crying. 6. will be rising. 7. He will be studying. 8.
will/shall be climbing. 9. I shall/will be having. 10. I shall/will be working.

3. Puneti verbele din paranteze la timpul Future Perfect Simple sau Continuous:
1. In a week’s time, we (take) our exam.
2. I (finish) reading the newspapers by lunch time.
3. Next year, they (be married) for 25 years.
4. If we don’t hurry, the sun (rise) before we reach the beach.
5. By the end of the season, one hundred thousand people (spend) their holidays at
the seaside.
6. By the time you come home, I (cook) for two hours.
7. When I take the exam, I (read) all the books on the bibliography list.
8. By the beginning of next week, I (work) on this paper for a month.
9. By 5 o’clock, you (see) all the exhibits in the museum.
10. By the end of the month, I (pay off) all my debts.

Exercitiul 3:

1. We shall/will have taken. 2. I shall/will have finished. 3. they will have been
married. 4. will have risen. 5. will have spent. 6. I shall/will have been cooking. 7. I
shall/will have read 8. I shall/will have been working. 9. You will have seen. 10. I
shall/will have paid off.

4. Traduceti in limba engleza folosind unul din tipurile de viitor:

1. Pâna anul viitor pe vremea aceasta, vor fi economisit 5 milioane.
2. Ce faci mâine dimineata la ora 11?
3. Voi vizita târgul international.
4. Am cumparat o masina de scris si voi invata sa bat.
5. Pâna la sfârsitul lunii, voi fi vazut acest film de 5 ori.
6. Trenul va fi plecat inainte de a ajunge noi la gara.
7. Pâna la ora 1, ea va fi terminat curatenia in casa.
8. Vineri, intre orele 12 si 1, ei vor avea ultima ora de engleza.
9. El va studia in biblioteca luni de la ora 1 la 5.
10. Din cauza grevei soferilor de autobuze multa lume va merge pe jos la slujba,
mâine.
11. Uite ce am cumparat la o licitatie!
12. E un obiect frumos. Unde il vei pune?

Exercitiul 4:

23
 1. By this time next year, I shall/will have saved five million lei. 2. What will you be
doing tomorrow morning at 11 o’clock? I shall/will be visiting the international fair. 3. I
have bought a typewriter and I shall learn to type. 4. By the end of the month I shall/will
have seen this film 5 times. 5. The train will have left before we arrive at the station. 6.
By 10 o’clock she will have finished cleaning the house. 7. On Friday, between twelve
and one o’clock, they will be having their last English class. 8. Because of the strike of
the bus – drivers, many people will be going to work on foot tomorrow. 9. He will be
studying in the library on Monday from one to five o’clock. 10. Look what I have bought
at an auction! It’s a very beautiful object. Where will you put it?

24