THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

I. THE INTRODUCTION TO THE UNITED STATES

You are learning about Exploring the USA

Other cultures are learning about yours. You are learning A LOT about it. You are
learning social mannerisms, they are learning the language, culture and they are
learning the history. When I started studying abroad, I was so surprised with how
many people knew how to speak English and knew more U.S. presidents than I did,
when I sadly could not even point their country out on a map. That really opened my
eyes to how closed off the U.S. is to the rest of the world. We only learn world history
to a certain extent and it is still mostly about the U.S. while other countries are
learning everything about their countries history and the U.S.

It helps you to be more accepting of diversity:

Visiting other countries, watching documentaries about them, or even just reading
about them can help build acceptance of the diverseness of the world. Between all of
the religions, races, languages and etiquette, it is sometimes hard to be accepting of
things and people that are different, but if you learn more about the how and why that
each country became the way that they are, you can learn to accept rather than judge
what makes them different.

It creates curiosity:
Learning about other cultures will make you more motivated to visit and find out what
it is really like. Being curious creates an interest in understanding the similarities and
differences between your culture and another. Being curious may also help you better
understand and accept cultural differences that may be a challenge without visiting the
country of the cultural difference that you are learning about.

It leads to global awareness:

In this day and age, global awareness is important for many reasons. Most jobs require
at one point or another interacting with another country or a person from another
country. Being able to communicate in a kind and respectful way will go really far.
Plus, being globally aware tends to make for well-rounded individuals who are very
open-minded. If you were to be put in a position where you had to make a decision
regarding someone from another culture, being globally aware will help you make a
good and well-informed decision.

II. BODY
II.1 BACKGROUND TO THE USA ( Nguyễn Thị Phước)
II.1.1 THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES
II.1.1.1 Location
Location North America, bordering both the North Atlantic Ocean and the
North Pacific Ocean, between Canada and Mexico.
Borders Canada: 8,864 km (5,508 mi)
Mexico: 3,327 km (2,067 mi)

Coordinates 38.000°N 97.000°W

II.1.1.2 Area and Population

Area The United States is the fourth largest country in the world in
land area.
• Total 9,826,675 km2 (3,794,100 sq mi)
• Land 93.24%
• Water 6.76%

Coastline 19,920 km (12,380 mi)

Highest point Denali/Mount McKinley
6,190.5 m (20,310 ft)
Lowest point Badwater Basin,
−85 m (−279 ft)
Longest river Missouri River,
3,767 km (2,341 mi)
Largest lake Lake Superior
58,000 km2 (22,394 sq mi)
Population 327.2 million people
The United States is the third most populous country.

II.1.1.3 Topography
II.1.1.3.1 Mountains and Hills
 -
- The two main mountain ranges run north and south – the Appalachian
Mountains in the eastern part of the United States and the Rocky Mountains in the
west. Between them are the Great Plains. There is another mountains chain west of the
Rockies – The Sierra Nevada and the Cascade ranges.

- Central plain, Interior Highlands and low mountains in Midwest, mountains

and valleys in the mid-south, coastal flatland near the Gulf and Atlantic coasts,
complete with mangrove forests and temperate, subtropical, and tropical laurel forest
and jungle, canyons, basins, plateaus, and mountains in west, hills and low mountains
in east; intermittent hilly and mountainous regions in Great Plains, with occasional
badland topography; rugged mountains and broad river valleys in Alaska; rugged,
volcanic topography in Hawaii and the territories.
II.1.1.3.2 Lakes and Rivers
- The longest river in the United States is the Mississippi. The Missouri and
Ohio Rivers flow into the Mississippi, and the Mississippi flows south into the Gulf of
Mexico.
- The major rivers in the western part of the United States are Colorado and the
Rio Grande.
- The Great Lakes (with 5 lakes) on the northern border of the country are Lake
Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.
II.1.1.4 Climate
- Climate Diverse: Ranges from Temperate in the North to Tropical
in the far south. West: mostly semi-arid to desert, Mountains: alpine, Northeast:
humid continental, Southeast: humid subtropical, Coast of California: Mediterranean,
Pacific Northwest: cool temperate oceanic, Alaska: mostly subarctic, Hawaii, South
Florida, and the territories: tropical.
II.1.1.5 Natural Resource and Hazards
 - Natural Resource : coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, rare earth
elements, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc,
petroleum, natural gas, timber, arable land.
- Natural Hazards tsunamis; volcanoes; earthquake activity around Pacific
Basin; hurricanes along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts; tornadoes in the
Midwest and Southeast; mud slides in California; forest fires in the west; flooding;
permafrost in northern Alaska.
- Covering a large part of the North American continent, the USA shares
borders with Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. It is about 3000miles (4800
kilometers) from the east coast to the west coast and about 1500 miles (2400
kilometers) from the Canadian border on the north to the Mexican border on the south.
The country has coasts on the Atlantic, Pacific and Arctic oceans, the Caribbean Sea
and the Gulf of Mexico. The State of Alaska, in the northwest corner of the US, is not
part of the continental US; it is separated from the rest of the USA by Canada.
Similarly, Hawaii is not part of the 'lower 48' states; it lies in the central Pacific
Ocean.

II.1.2 THE OFCIAL NAMES

- In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a world
map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America in honor of the
Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci (Latin: Americus Vespucius).The
first documentary evidence of the phrase "United States of America" is from a letter
dated January 2, 1776, written by Stephen Moylan, Esq., to George Washington's
aide-de-camp and Muster-Master General of the Continental Army, Lt. Col. Joseph
Reed. Moylan expressed his wish to go "with full and ample powers from the United
States of America to Spain" to seek assistance in the revolutionary war effort. The first
known publication of the phrase "United States of America" was in an anonymous
essay in The Virginia Gazette newspaper in Williamsburg, Virginia, on April 6, 1776.
-The second draft of the Articles of Confederation, prepared by John Dickinson
and completed by June 17, 1776, at the latest, declared "The name of this
Confederation shall be the 'United States of America'". The final version of the
Articles sent to the states for ratification in late 1777 contains the sentence "The Stile
of this Confederacy shall be 'The United States of America'". In June 1776, Thomas
Jefferson wrote the phrase "UNITED STATES OF AMERICA" in all capitalized
letters in the headline of his "original Rough draught" of the Declaration of
Independence. This draft of the document did not surface until June 21, 1776, and it is
unclear whether it was written before or after Dickinson used the term in his June 17
draft of the Articles of Confederation. The short form "United States" is also standard.
Other common forms are the "U.S.", the "USA", and "America". Colloquial names are
the "U.S. of A." and, internationally, the "States". "Columbia", a name popular in
poetry and songs of the late 18th century, derives its origin from Christopher
Columbus; it appears in the name "District of Columbia".
-The phrase "United States" was originally plural, a description of a collection
of independent states—e.g., "the United States are"—including in the Thirteenth
Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1865.The singular form—
e.g., "the United States is"—became popular after the end of the American Civil War.
The singular form is now standard; the plural form is retained in the idiom "these
United States". The difference is more significant than usage; it is a difference
between a collection of states and a unit.
A citizen of the United States is an "American". "United States", "American" and
"U.S." refer to the country adjectivally ("American values", "U.S. forces"). In English,
the word "American" rarely refers to topics or subjects not directly connected with the
United States.
II.1.3 STATE CAPITAL

-The capital city of the United States of America is Washington, D.C., and can
be referred to formally as the District of Columbia or more informally as D.C. or
Washington. In 2017, the city had a population of 6,131,977 and an approximate size
of 68.34 square miles. The city was founded after the American Revolution and
named after Founding Father and first President of the United States of America,
General George Washington. In addition to being the capital of the United States, the
city is sometimes considered as the world’s capital given its status as the seat of the
US’s federal authorities and its role as host to international organizations like the
World Bank.
II.1.4 THE FLAG OF THE UNITED STATES
 -The flag of the United States of America, often referred to as the American
flag, is the national flag of the United States. The flag’s width-to-length ratio is 10 to
19. It consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating
with white, with a blue rectangle in the canton (referred to specifically as the "union")
bearing fifty small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows,
where rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternate with rows of five stars. The 50 stars
on the flag represent the 50 states of the United States of America, and the 13 stripes
represent the thirteen British colonies that declared independence from the Kingdom
of Great Britain, and became the first states in the U.S.
-The blue stands for loyalty, devotion, truth, justice, and friendship; red
symbolizes courage, zeal, and fervency, while white denotes purity and rectitude of
conduct; commonly referred to by its nickname of Old Glory.
II.1.5 DISCOVERY AMERICA
II.1.5.1 The Columbus Expedition
Exploration of United States

- Discovering America is a historic event marked by the time the expedition led
by Christopher Columbus set foot in America on October 12, 1492. Under the orders
of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Castile and Aragon, the expedition came
from the port of Palos of Andalucía. During the next 2 months and 9 days, the group
crossed the Atlantic Ocean and traveled to some of the continental American islands,
namely the islands of the Bahamas. Upon returning, Colombo informed Europe of the
existence of a new world.
- Christopher Columbus was the son of Dominico Columbo and Susannah
Fontanarossa his wife. The father was a wool carder, a business which seems to have
been followed by the family through several generations. He was the oldest of four
children, having two brothers. Bartholomew and Giacomo (James in English, in
Spanish, Diego), and one sister. Of the early years of Columbus little is known. It is
asserted by some that Columbus was a wool comber - no mean occupation in that day
- and did not follow the sea. On the other hand, it is insisted and Tarducci and Harrisse
hold to that view that, whether or not he enlisted in expeditions against the Venetians
and Neapolitans (and the whole record is misty and uncertain), Columbus at an early
age showed a marked inclination for the sea, and his education was largely directed
along the lines of his tastes, and included such studies as geography, astronomy, and
navigation. It is certain that when Columbus arrived at Lisbon he was one of the best
geographers and cosmographers of his age, and was accustomed to the sea from
infancy. Happily his was an age favorable for discovery. The works of travel were
brought to the front. The closing decade of the fifteenth century was a time of
heroism, of deeds of daring, and discovery. Rude and unlettered to some extent, yet it
was far more fruitful, and brought greater blessings to the world than are bestowed by
the effeminate luxury which often characterizes a civilization too daintily pampered,
too tenderly reared. Life then was at least serious.
-In 1492, a Spanish-based transatlantic maritime expedition led by Italian
explorer Christopher Columbus encountered the Americas, continents which were
largely unknown in Europe and were outside the Old World political and economic
system. The four voyages of Columbus began the Spanish colonization of the
Americas.
-At the time of the Columbus voyages, the Americas were inhabited by the
Indigenous Americans, the descendants of Paleo-Indians who crossed Beringia from
Asia to North America beginning around 20,000 years ago. Columbus's voyages led to
the widespread knowledge that a new continent existed west of Europe and east of
Asia. This breakthrough in geographical science led to the exploration and
colonization of the New World by Spain and other European sea powers, and is
sometimes cited as the start of the modern era.
-For a long time it was generally believed that Columbus and his crew had been
the first Europeans to make landfall in the Americas. In fact they were not the first
explorers from Europe to reach the Americas, having been preceded by the Viking
expedition led by Leif Erikson in the 11th century; however, Columbus's voyages
were the ones that led to ongoing European contact with the Americas, inaugurating a
period of exploration, conquest, and colonization whose effects and consequences
persist to the present.
I.5.2 The first true Americans

Who really discovered America?

According to American people, Columbus discovered the U.S in 1492. In fact,
Chinese people did it.
-In 1405 a Chinese Muslim eunuch, Zheng He, launched the first of seven
voyages west from China across the Indian Ocean. Over the next 30 years, in
command of the world’s largest fleet and funded by the Ming emperor, he sailed to the
east coast of Africa and deep into the Persian Gulf. That much, we know, is true.

-But some people believe he went much farther—and this map is one reason.
Entitled “General chart of the integrated world”, it is apparently an 18th-century copy
of a 1418 map which claims to show the world that Zheng He discovered. If it is real,
it rewrites history, for it shows that he circumnavigated the globe and—most
provocatively—that he discovered America more than 70 years before Columbus.
I.6. President of the United States
I.6.1.Parties and elections

-The United States has operated under a two-party system for most of its
history. For elective offices at most levels, state-administered primary elections
choose the major party nominees for subsequent general elections. Since the general
election of 1856, the major parties have been the Democratic Party, founded in 1824,
and the Republican Party, founded in 1854. Since the Civil War, only one third-party
presidential candidate—former president Theodore Roosevelt, running as a
Progressive in 1912—has won as much as 20% of the popular vote. The President and
Vice-president are elected through the Electoral College system.
-Republican Donald Trump, the winner of the 2016 presidential election, is
serving as the 45th President of the United States. Leadership in the Senate includes
Republican Vice President Mike Pence, Republican President Pro Tempore Chuck
Grassley, Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, and Minority Leader Chuck Schumer.
Leadership in the House includes Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, Majority
Leader Steny Hoyer, and Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy.

-In the 116th United States Congress, the House of Representatives is

controlled by the Democratic Party and the Senate is controlled by the Republican
Party, giving the U.S. a split Congress. The Senate consists of 53 Republicans, and 45
Democrats with 2 Independents who caucus with the Democrats; the House consists
of 235 Democrats and 199 Republicans. In state governorships, there are 27
Republicans and 23 Democrats. -Among the DC mayor and the 5 territorial
governors, there are 2 Republicans, 1 Democrat, 1 New Progressive, and 2
Independents.
The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government
of the United States, indirectly elected to a four-year term by the people through the
Electoral College. The officeholder leads the executive branch of the federal
government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces.
The executive powers of the president are enumerated in Article II of the U.S.
Constitution. The president is indirectly elected by the people through the electoral
college system to a four-year term. The president and vice president are the only two
nationally elected offices in the federal government.

The president may serve no more than two four year terms. The Twenty-second
Amendment prohibits any person from being elected president for a third term and
prohibits any person from being elected to the presidency more than once if that
person previously had served as president, or acting president, for more than two years
of another person's term as president.

The primary duty of the president of the United States is to make sure that all
U.S. laws are carried out and that the federal government is run effectively. Although
the president may not introduce new legislation - that's the duty of Congress - he does
wield veto power over all bills that are approved by the legislature. In addition, the
president has the weighty role of commander in chief of the armed forces.
As the nation's chief executive, the president oversees foreign policy, making treaties
with foreign nations and appointing ambassadors to other nations and to the United
Nations, and domestic policy, dealing with issues within the United States, and
economic.
-Since the office was established in 1789, 44 men have served as president. The
first, George Washington, won a unanimous vote of the Electoral College. Grover
Cleveland served two non-consecutive terms in office and is therefore counted as the
22nd and 24th President of the United States; the 45th and current president is Donald
Trump (since January 20, 2017). There are currently four living former presidents.
The most recent former president to die was George H. W. Bush on November 30,
2018.
-Throughout most of its history, American politics has been dominated by
political parties. The Constitution is silent on the issue of political parties, and at the
time it came into force in 1789, there were no parties. Soon after the 1st Congress
convened, factions began rallying around dominant Washington Administration
officials, such as Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson. Greatly concerned about
the capacity of political parties to destroy the fragile unity holding the nation together,
Washington remained unaffiliated with any political faction or party throughout his
eight-year presidency. He was, and remains, the only U.S. president never affiliated
with a political party. Since Washington, every president has been affiliated with a
political party at the time they assumed office.
I.6.2 The Current Prime Minister
 -Donald J. Trump is the 45th President of the United States. He believes the
United States has incredible potential and will go on to exceed even its remarkable
achievements of the past. His campaign slogan for President was, “Make America
Great Again,” and that is exactly what he is doing.
-Donald J. Trump defines the American success story. Throughout his life he
has continually set the standards of business and entrepreneurial excellence, especially
in real estate, sports, and entertainment. Mr. Trump built on his success in private life
when he entered into politics and public service. He remarkably won the Presidency
in his first ever run for any political office.
-A graduate of the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School of Finance,
Mr. Trump followed in his father’s footsteps into the world of real estate
development, making his mark New York City. There, the Trump name soon became
synonymous with the most prestigious of addresses in Manhattan and, subsequently,
throughout the world.
Mr. Trump is also an accomplished author. He has written more than fourteen
bestsellers. His first book, The Art of the Deal, is considered a business classic.
-Mr. Trump announced his candidacy for the Presidency on June 16, 2015. He
then accepted the Republican nomination for President of the United States in July of
2016, having defeated seventeen other contenders during the Republican primaries.
-On November 8, 2016, Mr. Trump was elected President in the largest
Electoral College landslide for a Republican in 28 years. Mr. Trump won more than
2,600 counties nationwide, the most since President Ronald Reagan in 1984. And he
received the votes of more than 62 million Americans, the most ever for a Republican
candidate. These voters, in delivering a truly national victory and historic moment,
rallied behind Mr. Trump’s commitment to rebuilding our country and disrupting the
political status quo that had failed to deliver results.
-Mr. Trump won, in part, because he campaigned in places Republicans have
had difficulty winning—Flint, Michigan, charter schools in inner-city Cleveland, and
Hispanic churches in Florida. He went there because he wanted to bring his message
of economic empowerment to all Americans. Millions of new Republicans trusted Mr.
Trump with their vote because of his commitment to delivering prosperity through a
reformed tax code, an improved regulatory environment, and better trade deals.
President Trump’s victory has brought Americans of all backgrounds together, and he
is committed to delivering results for the Nation every day he serves in office.

II.1 Education (Nguyễn Thị Kiều Nhi)

The United States of Americans is the most educated country in the world. For
the purpose of promoting the exploration, discovery and difference of each individual.
It is run primarily by state government and is controlled at the federal level.
II.1.1.Government and education
-Although, in general Americans prefer to limit the influence of government,
this is not so where education is concerned. All levels of government are involved in
education and it is considered to be one of their most important responsibilities.
-State government set overall educational standards ,often mandate
standardized test for k-12 public school system and supervise usually through a board
of regents, state colleges and universities. Funding comes from the state ,local and
federal government.

II.1.2.The school system

By state law, education is compulsory over an age range starting between
5 and 6 , ending somewhere between ages 16 and 18,depending on the state. For
primary and secondary students, an education term in the United States is
approximately 10 months in duration. Under the traditional model, school –age
children begin their education in early September and break for the summer recess in
late jun.
-Structure of the U.S education system:
+Pre-school : This is an optional and non-obligatory stage of education. The
age range starts from 3-5.
 II.1.2.1 Compulsory Education
Compulsory education: Elementary education start from 5-12,students spend
most of the day with their class(8.30 am-3.30 pm). The traditional subject for them are
called writing reading and arithmetic. Secondary education is split 2 levels . Junior
high school generally spans 2 years( grade 7,8). They start ages from 13-14. They
take different lesson from different teachers. Especially , they can be chosen subjects.
High school spans 4 years (grade 9-12).they start ages from 15-18. An important of
both is, for many students the increasing amount of independence and responsibility
they are given.
II.1.2.2 Further Education
Further education: Following secondary school, students who wish to earn a
degree, vocational diploma or trade certificate are afforded many options through
which they can continue their education. Some of the institutions that provide these
programs include junior or community colleges; private vocational institutes; and
public and private colleges and universities.
Junior Colleges (Community Colleges) and Private Vocational Institutions Colleges
and Universities
The degree structure at America’s colleges and universities is very similar to
that of other North American and many European countries. It includes: Bachelor
Degree, Master Degree, Doctorate Degree
II.1.3 Public and Private Education
-Today education is a complex and or compelling topic that is often debated.
Questions about school quality, accountability, curriculum, and teacher training arise
each day, and we explore them in the newspapers and during political debates. Even
the distinction between public and private schools is no longer as straightforward as it
once was. It may well be that a local public school is a better educational match for a
child, than that of an exclusive private school with a national reputation and a price
tag to match.
 -In 2013 about 87% of school age children (those below higher education)
attended state funded public school, about 10% attended private schools and roughly
3% were home-schooled. Public education is often understood as a state school and is
funded by state governments. Private education is not funded or run by state
government. Instead, it receives funding primarily from economic organization,
former students.
-The tuition of public school is lower than private school, so the private school is
suitable for people who have a lot of money. The number of students enrolling each
year in private school is very less. But the quality of private school is good.
-No matter how good or bad the curriculum of a public school is, it will remain
the most popular choice for students nationwide. This is simply because it is free,
convenient, and open to the public; a normal standard of schooling (Clayton, 2005).
II.1.4 The Quality of Education
-By some standards, Americans education seems very successful. Although
young people must attend school until they are 16, over 80% continue until they are
18. About 45% of Americans have some post-secondary or further education, and over
20% graduate from a college or university. However 20%of adult about 40 million
people, have limited skills in reading and writing, 4% about 8 million are illiterate.
Our nation’s education assessment is largely based on graduation rate. In 2012, Black
students had only a 69% graduation rate and Hispanic students had a 73% rate, while
Asian students had a 88% graduation rate and Caucasian students had an 86% rate.
Demand high-speed Internet at your school with a badass photo. Sign up for School
Standstill
-30 years ago, America was the leader in quantity and quality of high school
diplomas. Today, our nation is ranked 36th in the world.
1.3 million high school students don't graduate on time yearly. States with highest
rates (80-89%) are Wisconsin, Iowa, Vermont, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. States
with lowest (less than 60%) are Nevada, New Mexico, Louisiana, Georgia and S.
Carolina.
97% of low-income students rely on school for internet access, but 40 million students
do not have high-speed Internet in school
-If the 1.3 million dropouts from the Class of 2010 had graduated, the nation
would have seen $337 billion more in earnings over the course of the students’
lifetimes.
Teacher quality is one of the most significant factors related to student achievement.
In the U.S., 14% of new teachers resign by the end of their first year, 33% leave
within their first 3 years, and almost 50% leave by their 5th year.
II.2 Politic & Religion ( Đặng Thị Ái Lành)
II.2.1 Politic
-The United States is a federal republic in which
the President , Congress and the Court hold and share the power of the federal
government under the Constitution . Meanwhile, the federal government shares power
with each state government . This model combines the horizontal distribution of
power (horizontal separation ) and vertical (interstate and state). The federal
government is established by the US Constitution . Currently two major political
parties, the Democratic Partyand the Republican Party.
II.2.1.1 Political party
II.2.1.1.1 Democratic Party.

-The Democratic Party originating from the Republic-Democratic

Party ( Democratic-Republican ) was founded by Thomas Jefferson in 1792, was the
oldest political party in the United States, also one of the world's oldest political
parties.
- In 2004 The Democratic Party was the largest political party in the US
-The Democratic Party's main stance since the 1930s is still considered to be liberal
-The Democratic Party supports civil liberties, social freedom, equality, equal
opportunity, and a free enterprise system regulated by government intervention.
-The American working class is still the Democratic Party's stronghold, and continues
to be a fundamental component of the electorate Part
- Party chairman current is Thomas Perez (MD)
 -The best known symbol of the party is the donkey uncle
II.2.1.1.2 Republican Party

-The Republican Party was founded in 1854 by abolitionists, newcomers,

former members of the Whig Party and Party Free Soil.
- The Republican Party is the second party in 2004.
-In the current historical period, in the two main parties, the Republican Party
has been arguably more socially conservative and economically more liberal.
-The original thought of the Republican Party was expressed through labor
free slogans , free land, free men.
- Party charman is Reince Priebus (WI )
-Abraham Lincoln was the first Republican president (1861–1865).
-The party symbol is the elephant.
II.2.1.1.3 Other political groups or parties

.Independence
.Libertarian Party
.Green Party USA
.Constitution Party
II.2.2 Religion
II.2.2.1 Overview
America is a multi-religious country well know have many traditional churches
and less formal religions, though almost all are christtian. Religious beliefs are strong,
96% of Americans believe in god, 90% pray, 41% go to church regularly.
II.2.2.1.1 Religious groups in the US
Christianity is the largest religion in the United States In 2016, Christians
represent 73.7% of the total population. Judaism is the second-largest religion in the
U.S., practised by 2.1% of the population, followed by Islam with 0.8%.
Other non-Christian religion (2.5%) Unaffiliated (18.2%) Unanswered (2.7%)
II.2.2.1.2 Freedom of religion
 The United States federal government was the first national government to
have no official state-endorsed religion. However, some states had established
religions in some form until the 1830s
Constitution rejected any religious test for office, and the First Amendment
specifically denied the federal government any power to enact any law respecting
either an establishment of religion or prohibiting its free exercise, thus protecting any
religious organization, institution, or denomination from government interference.
II.2.2.1.3 Fundamentalist Christianity
-The Christian Church originated in Roman Judea in the first century AD
,founded on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, who first
gathered disciples. Christianity is the most adhered to religion in the United States
-The United States has the largest Christian population in the world, with
nearly 240 million Christians
-Christian denominations in the United States are usually divided into three
large groups: Evangelical Protestantism, Mainline Protestantism, and the Catholic
Church. There are also Christian denominations that do not fall within either of these
groups, such as Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy, but they are much
smaller.
II.2.2.3 Church and State
In fact, the United States Constitution stipulates the separation of Church and
State in The First Amendment to the Constitution, which prohibits the establishment
of a state religion. This supplement also prohibits state or federal government from
interfering with religious organizations and religious practices. But in fact, the
separation between religion and the state is often violated.
II.2.2.4 Other faiths.
The main non- christian faiths in the US are Judaism and Islam. The US has
about 6 million Jews there are synagogues in many towns and cities. Jewish men may
be recognized in the street if they are wearing a skullcap. Men from some branches of
judaism wear long black coats and black hats.
II.3 Cuisines, Holidays, Music, Sports, National Health Services
(Nguyễn Thị Hoài)
II.3.1 Cuisines
-The cuisine of the US is extremely diverse, the relatively large population (1/3
of a billion people) and the number of native and immigrant influences
II.3.1.1 Turkey
-Turkey is a popular poultry product, especially in North America where is
traditionally cosumed as part of culturally significant events such as Thanksgiving and
Christmas as well as in standard cuisine
-Turkeys are usually baked or roasted in an oven several hours, often while the
cook prepares the remainder of the meal
II.3.1.2 Hamburger
- A hamburger (or burger) is a sandwich that consists of a cooked ground meat
patty, usually beef, placed between halves of a sliced bun or between slices of bread
or toast. Hamburgers are often served with various condiments, such as mustard,
mayonnaise, and ketchup, and other options including lettuce, tomato, onion, pickles,
and cheese

II.3.1.3 Apple Pie

- Apple Pie is a famous food in USA, in which the principal filling ingredient is
apple, served with whipped cream or ice cream on top.
- It was brought to the colonies by the English, the Dutch, and the Swedes during
the 17th and 18th centuries. In the 19th and 20th centuries, apple pie became a symbol
of America prosperity and national pride.
 - Although eaten in Europe since long before the European colonization of the
Americas, apple pie as used in the phrase “as American as apple pie” describes
something as being typically American
II.3.1.4 Tacos
- A taco is a traditional Mexican dish consisting of a corn or wheat tortilla folded
or rolled around a filling. A taco can be made with a variety of fillings, including beef,
pork, chicken, seafood, vegetables, and cheese, allowing great versatility and variety

- For 50 years, the taco has been a staple of American life.

That’s a time when Mexican migrants are starting to come—working the mines and
railroads and other such jobs. In the United States, Mexican food was seen as street
food, lower-class food.

II.3.2 Holidays
The United States of America has many different traditions and ways that
people celebrate Holidays, because of its multi-cultural nature. Many customs are
similar to ones in the UK, France, Italy, The Netherlands, Poland and Mexico.
II.3.2.1 Christmas (December 25)
- Many Americans, especially Christians will go to Church to celebrate the birth
of Jesus at Christmas. Many churches have special Christmas Carol services and
events where the story of Christmas is told.
- People in America like to decorate the outsides of their houses with lights and
sometimes even statues of Santa Claus, Snowmen and Reindeer. Some cookies and
glass of milk are often left out as a snack for Santa on Christmas Eve!
 - Towns and cities often decorate the streets with lights to celebrate Christmas.
Perhaps the most famous Christmas street lights in the USA are at the Rockefeller
Center in New York where there is a huge Christmas Tree with a public ice skating
rink in front of it over Christmas and the New Year.
II.3.2.2 Thanksgiving
It is a national holiday in the United States, celebrated on the fourth Thursday
of November. It originated as a harvest festival.

- In the United States, certain kinds of food are traditionally served at

Thanksgiving meals. Turkey, usually roasted and stuffed (but sometimes deep-fried
instead), is typically the featured item on most Thanksgiving feast tables, so much so
that Thanksgiving is also colloquially known as "Turkey Day."
II.3.2.3 Columbus Day (celebrated on the second Monday in October)

- Columbus Day is a national holiday in many countries of the Americas and

elsewhere which officially celebrates the anniversary of Christopher Columbus's
arrival in the Americas on October 12, 1492
 - Some Americans celebrate the anniversary of the discovery of their country
with church services and other activities. In some towns and cities, special church
services, parades and large events are held. Many celebrations happen in the Italian-
American community. The celebrations in New York and San Francisco are
particularly noteworthy.
II.3.2.4 Independence Day
Independence Day is commonly associated with fireworks, parades, barbecues,
carnivals, fairs, picnics, concerts, baseball games, family reunions, and political
speeches and ceremonies, in addition to various other public and private events
celebrating the history, government, and traditions of the United States. Independence
Day is the National Day of the United States.

- Families often celebrate Independence Day by hosting or attending a picnic or

barbecue; many take advantage of the day off and, in some years, a long weekend to
gather with relatives or friends. Decorations (e.g., streamers, balloons, and clothing)
are generally colored red, white, and blue, the colors of the American flag. Parades are
often held in the morning, before family get-togethers, while fireworks display occur
in the evening after dark at such places as parks, fairgrounds, or town squares.
II.3.3 Music
II.3.3.1 Jazz
- Jazz is a kind of music characterized by swung and blue notes, call and
response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation. Though originally a kind of dance
music, jazz has been a major part of popular music, and has also become a major
element of Western classical music. Jazz has roots in West African cultural and
musical expression, and in African American music traditions including blues and
ragtime, as well as European military band music
- Though originally a kind of dance music, jazz has now been "long considered a
kind of popular or vernacular music (and has also) become a sophisticated art form
that has interacted in significant ways with the music of the concert hall".
II.3.3.2 Pop
-Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the
United States and United Kingdom during the mid-1950s
By the early 1980s, the promotion of pop music had been greatly affected by the rise
of music television channels like MTV, which " favoured those artists such as Michael
Jackson and Madonna who had a strong visual appeal".
II.3.4 Sport
II.3.4.1 Baseball
Baseball in the United States is one of the most popular sports for both
participants and spectators. The highest level of baseball in the U.S. is Major League
Baseball. The World Series of Major League Baseball is the culmination of the sport's
postseason each October. It is played between the winner of each of the two leagues,
the American League and the National League, and the winner is determined through
a best-of-seven playoff
II.3.4.2 Football
American football, not to be confused with the football called soccer, is the
American national sport.
The method of scoring in American football is the same as in rugby. Players try
to carry the ball over the opponents’line, and then to earn more points by kicking the
ball between the upright goal posts above the bar…
It is considered to be the most popular sport and an important part of many
Thanksgiving celebrations in the United States
The 32-teams National Football League (NFL) is the most popular professional
American football also attracts audiences of millions.
American football games usually include cheerleaders and marching bands,
which aim to raise school spirit and entertain the crowd at half time.
II.3.4.3 Hockey
Hockey in the U.S. began in 1894 when the first artificial ice rink was built in
Baltimore, Maryland. Now hockey is most popular in regions of the U.S. with cold
winter climates, such as the northeast and the upper Midwest.
II.3.5 Healthcare in the United States
It is provided by many distinct organizations. Healthcare facilities are largely
owned and operated by private sector businesses.
Surely, the American health care system is far from perfect, but, then, by now you
probably realize that no perfect system exists anywhere. Americans have access to a
patchwork of subsystems (like managed care, the Veterans Administration, and
emerging IDSs) that characterize health care delivery in the US. However, the systems
framework does give us at least a starting place to attempt in an organized fashion to
understand an extremely convoluted, confusing, and costly health care system, and
perhaps, a place to begin our quest to find acceptable solutions to our problems.

II.4: THE AMERICAN PEOPLE

II.4.1 America's iconic landmarks
Every country, though big or small, has its own symbols. It can be culture,
food and drink or famous landmarks, but just mention that, people will know which
country is its own. Let's review the beautiful locations of America, the places with
bold "very American" features.
What is America famous for?
II.4.1.1:The Statue of Liberty
The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World; French: La Liberté
éclairant le monde) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York
Harbor in New York City, in the United States. The copper statue, a gift from the
people of France to the people of the United States, was designed by French sculptor
Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi and its metal framework was built by Gustave Eiffel. The
statue was dedicated on October 28, 1886.
 The Statue of Liberty is a figure of Libertas, a robed Roman liberty goddess.
She holds a torch above her head with her right hand, and in her left hand carries a
tabula ansata inscribed in Roman numerals with "JULY IV MDCCLXXVI" (July 4,
1776), the date of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. A broken chain lies at her
feet as she walks forward. The statue became an icon of freedom and of the United
States, a national park tourism destination, and is a welcoming sight to immigrants
arriving from abroad.
The torch-bearing arm was displayed at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia in
1876, and in Madison Square Park in Manhattanfrom 1876 to 1882. Fundraising
proved difficult, especially for the Americans, and by 1885 work on the pedestal was
threatened by lack of funds. Publisher Joseph Pulitzer, of the New York World, started
a drive for donations to finish the project and attracted more than
120,000 contributors, most of whom gave less than a dollar. The statue was built in
France, shipped overseas in crates, and assembled on the completed pedestal on what
was then called Bedloe's Island. The statue's completion was marked by New York's
first ticker-tape parade and a dedication ceremony presided over by President Grover
Cleveland.

II 4.1.2: Freedom Trail

-The Freedom Trail is a 2.5-mile-long (4.0 km) path through downtown
Boston, Massachusetts, that passes by 16 locations significant to the history of the
United States. Marked largely with brick, it winds between Boston Common to the
Bunker Hill Monument in Charlestown. Stops along the trail include simple
explanatory ground markers, graveyards, notable churches and buildings, and a
historic naval frigate. While most of the sites are free or suggest donations, the Old
South Meeting House, the Old State House, and the Paul Revere House charge
admission. The Freedom Trail is overseen by the City of Boston's Freedom Trail
Commission and is supported in part by grants from various nonprofits and
foundations, private philanthropy, and Boston National Historical Park.
 -The Freedom Trail was conceived by local journalist William Schofield, who
in 1951 suggested building a pedestrian trail to link important local landmarks. Boston
mayor John Hynes decided to put Schofield's idea into action. By 1953, 40,000 people
were walking the trail annually.

-The National Park Service operates a visitor's center on the first floor of
Faneuil Hall, where they offer tours, provide free maps of the Freedom Trail and other
historic sites, and sell books about Boston and United States history. Some observers
have noted the tendency of the Freedom Trail's narrative frame to omit certain
historical locations, such as the sites of the Boston Tea Party and the Liberty Tree.
Members of the Boy Scouts of America who hike or camp along the Freedom Trail
may be eligible for the Historic Trails Award.
II.4.1.3: Independence Hall
-Independence Hall is the building where both the United States Declaration of
Independence and the United States Constitution were debated and adopted. It is now
the centerpiece of the Independence National Historical Park in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania.
 -The building was completed in 1753 as the Pennsylvania State House, and
served as the capitol for the Province and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania until the
state capital moved to Lancaster in 1799. It became the principal meeting place of the
Second Continental Congress from 1775 to 1783 and was the site of the Constitutional
Convention in the summer of 1787.

-A convention held in Independence Hall in 1915, presided over by former US

president William Howard Taft, marked the formal announcement of the formation of
the League to Enforce Peace, which led to the League of Nations and eventually the
United Nations. The building is part of Independence National Historical Park and is
listed as a World Heritage Site.
II.4.1.4: Fort Sumter:
Fort Sumter is a sea fort in Charleston, South Carolina, notable for two battles
of the American Civil War. It was one of a number of special forts planned after the
War of 1812, combining high walls and heavy masonry, and classified as Third
System, as a grade of structural integrity. Work started in 1829, but was incomplete by
1860, when South Carolina seceded from the Union.

The First Battle of Fort Sumter began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate
artillery fired on the Union garrison. These were the first shots of the war and
continued all day, watched by many civilians in a celebratory spirit. The fort had been
cut off from its supply line and surrendered the next day. The Second Battle of Fort
Sumter (September 8, 1863) was a failed attempt by the Union to retake the fort,
dogged by a rivalry between army and navy commanders. Although the fort was
reduced to rubble, it remained in Confederate hands until it was evacuated as General
Sherman marched through South Carolina in February 1865.Fort Sumter is open for
public tours as part of the Fort Sumter National Monument operated by the National
Park Service.
II.4.2: The characteristics of American people:
The typical characteristics of Americans make many countries respect.
According to statistics, the percentage of successful people in the fields and wealth in
the US accounts for a high number in the world. So what factors have made
Americans so successful? The following characteristics are the factors that contribute
to the success of Americans.

II.4.2.1. Individualism:

. Americans think that everyone has the right to choose their own path, no one can
intervene; The personality and values of individuals are respected to the highest level.
Foreigners often assume that the individualism in the US is somewhat extreme. The
individualism
has a great impact on every aspect of American social life, which is the main driving
force for social development. The rapid growth and tremendous progress of every
aspect of the United States over the past few centuries has made them believe in the
power of individuals. Individualism is clearly expressed in the lives of American
families. Every individual in the family is respected equally, parents cannot force their
children to listen to their words but must be equal with their children, respect their
opinions. If your comments or requests are not reasonable, they cannot be denied but
must be explained and persuaded. The things related to children must consult their
opinions before deciding. When children are 17-18 years old, most families give their
children independence. Children also do not like to stay at home but prefer to go out
and make a living. In particular, the married life of American couples is usually not
long. They live independently of each other because they have their own finances,
they take care of their children in a way equal. So couples are easy to divorce
Americans believe that relying on their own efforts to earn their living is an
expression of personal worth, which is proud. Young people do not like to live on
their parents' power or property. Like when I grew up, if the whole family went out to
eat, everyone would pay their own food; they considered it common sense, could not
let others pay for themselves. Not doing but enjoying is considered to be poor.
Children help their parents to do hard work, parents have to pay their children. Guests
who pay tips to the waiter are of course a recognition of their labor value. Helping
anyone with something, they pay compensation is reasonable, there is nothing to be
ashamed of .
Individualism also motivates Americans to pursue originality and independence, no
dua is the majority, not influenced by others, no one will be like anyone.
II.4.2.2: Independence:
Americans highly appreciate independence and practice this character from a
very young age. They are taught that only their own efforts can build a strong foothold
for themselves, because no one cares about you at all. American fathers and mothers
teach their children that they must be responsible for themselves. An American
mother rarely asks her 2-year-old child what she wants to eat for breakfast, or helps a
3-year-old child get dressed. They often encourage their children to give their
opinions, forcing them to choose and do everything. From an early age, children were
taught to stand on their own feet, which is considered a start for independence. For the
most part, the children choose their own classes, majors, pay part or all of themselves,
find and plan for themselves instead of relying on family. At the age of 20, most of the
children most have had their own home without having to ask their parents.
II.4.2.3: Frankness:
Honest and straightforward for Americans is more important than keeping face.
Sometimes they seem less skillful when making controversial issues, making you feel
embarrassed or even offended. Americans always go straight to the point, and don't
spend much time preparing forms. The frankness encourages Americans to discuss
disagreements and resolve conflicts rather than rely on third-party intervention. You
should not confuse this frankness with rudeness.
II.4.2.4 Respecting for achievements
-Americans attach great importance to achievement. They like to show their
skills to others, for example, by displaying figures, images that show achievements in
the business at the office or displaying rewards in sports at home. Sometimes books
and movies are not appreciated on quality, but based on sales and profits. At
universities, people focus on achievement, on score.
-For an American, even though he only studied Japanese for a year at the
University, he likes to say: "I speak Japanese" Asians, often for Americans, are
lacking in humility. When Americans believe that the humility of Asians is like a lack
of ability, or not confidence. Growing up in personal society Americanism believes
that their personality comes from their achievements and abilities. They think, the
important thing is not bragging, it is not considered bragging when it comes to others
mine. For Asians, saying reduced ability or achievement is also a way to protect
honor. Because they are afraid they will be humiliated at times, if they cannot do well
the next time. Most Americans don't care about faces like Asians, so they often talk
too much, not withdraw in what they call "self-actual advertising".
II.4.2.5: Friendliness:
Generally, friendships between Americans are often shorter and more random
than those established in other cultures. This is influenced by the volatility and
independence of Americans. Americans tend to classify friendships, have work places,
friends in the same team, friends in the family system ... Americans can become good
and sincere friends, it is worth it. You try to establish a long-term friendship with
American students. II.4.2.6.Respecting for time
Punctuality is always appreciated in American society. Americans arrange their
lives according to a timetable. They are always on time for appointments. For
international students, American students seem to be in a hurry and that makes them
seem rude. But Americans are always highly effective in their work thanks to this
rush.

II.5. CURRENT UNIT (United States dollar) (Nguyễn Thị Thương Thương)
II.5.1 Overview
-The United States dollar (sign: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ and referred to as
the dollar, U.S. dollar, or American dollar) is the official currency of the United States
and its territories per the United States Constitution since 1792. In practice, the dollar
is divided into 100 smaller cent (¢) units, but is occasionally divided into 1000 mills
(for accounting. The circulating paper money consists of Federal Reserve Notes that
are denominated in United States dollars

-The U.S. dollar is the most powerful currency in the world. It's backed by the world's
third-largest economy, the United States of America. The strength of the U.S.
economy supports the dollar's use as a global currency. The U.S. dollar was first
designated the world's currency in the 1944 Bretton Woods Agreement.

-The term U.S. dollar refers to a specific denomination and to the U.S. currency in
general. It was initially traded as a coin worth its weight in silver or gold. Then it was
exchanged as a paper note redeemable in gold. In the 1970s, the gold standard was
dropped and the dollar's value was allowed to float. Today, although its value
fluctuates, it's in strong demand.

- The history of the United States Dollar refers to more than 240 years since the
Continental Congress of the United States authorized the issuance of Continental
Currency in 1775.[1] On April 2, 1792, the United States Congress created the United
States dollar as the country's standard unit of money. The term dollar had already been
in common usage since the colonial period when it referred to eight-real coin (Spanish
dollar) used by the Spanish throughout New Spain.
 -Although the dollar is still represented by currency, its true value is
represented by credit. Now more than ever, the U.S. dollar is the real symbol of faith
in the power of the U.S. economy.

II.5.2 U.S Dollar Symbols

-The $ symbol itself is derived from a combination of the P and S for Mexican
pesos, Spanish piasters, or pieces of eight. This theory is based on the study of old
manuscripts. They show that the $ symbol was widely used before the United States
started using the dollar in 1785.There has been a great deal of controversy surrounding
the enigmatic symbols on the U.S. dollar. In fact, our founding fathers used the
symbols to convey strong messages. They have gotten garbled through the years.

-The dollar bill shows the Great Shield of the United States, which contains:

 The American eagle flying free, holding 13 arrows of war in its non-dominant left
talon and an olive branch for peace in its dominant right talon.
 The banner in its beak reads "E Pluribus Unum" meaning “Out of Many, One.”
 The shield's horizontal blue band represents Congress uniting the original 13 colonies.
These are represented by 13 red and white vertical stripes.
 Thirteen stars above the eagle represent a new nation or a constellation in the
universe.
 Red stands for valor, white stands for purity, and blue stands for justice.

On the reverse of the Great Seal stands an unfinished pyramid of 13 rows,

symbolizing strength and duration. The first row reads "1776" in Roman numerals.
The banner below reads "Novus Ordo Seclorum" which means "A New Order of the
Ages." This refers to a new form of government or "the beginning of the new
American Era." The all-seeing eye of the Divine is bordered by the phrase "Annuit
Coeptis." This means "Providence Has Favored Our Undertakings." (Source: “Federal
Reserve Bank of Philadelphia,” Symbols on American Money.)

II.5.3.Dollar Denominations

There are 18 denominations in U.S. coins and bills.

II.5.3.1 U.S. Coins.

There are six dollar denominations produced in coins.

1. Penny: Its value is one cent. In 2017, the U.S. Mint made 8.426 billion pennies,
costing taxpayers $68.8 million. Producing the penny cost 1.82 cents. That's one of the
10 reasons why many feel America should get rid of the penny.

2. Nickel: In 1793, the sizes of coins were proportional to the U.S. silver dollar. But this
made the five-cent coin too small. In 1866, the Mint made it larger by replacing the
silver with nickel. Nickels cost 6.6 cents each to produce and distribute. As a result,
they add $21 million to the U.S. debt.

3. Dime: It is worth 10 cents. Dimes only cost 3.33 cents to produce.

4. Quarter: It is worth 25 cents. It only costs 8.24 cents to make and distribute.
5. Half Dollar: It is worth 50 cents.

6. Dollar: It is worth 100 cents. But Americans prefer to carry $1 bills. The United
States is the only developed country that still uses $1 bills. But they wear out after a
year or so. On the other hand, $1 coins can last 40 years.

The United States no longer produces the half-cent coin, the two-cent coin, the three-
cent coin, the half-dime coin, or the twenty-cent coin.

II.5.3.2 U.S. Dollar Bills. There are 12 denominations in bills. Seven are still being
printed: $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. There are five larger denominations that
are no longer being printed. But these are in circulation among collectors and are still
considered legal tender: $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000, and $100,000. The pie chart
below shows the top four denominations of U.S. currency circulating in 2017.
 II.5.4 US Currency

The Federal Reserve, as the nation's central bank, is responsible for making
sure enough currency is in circulation. It commissions the U.S. Treasury Department's
Office of Printing and Engraving to print the bills. It also authorizes its Mint
Department to cast the coins. Once produced, the currency is shipped to the Federal
Reserve banks where members can exchange credit for currency as needed.

The Secretary of the Treasury designs the U.S. currency. No living person's
picture can appear. For the most part, only past U.S. Presidents appear. The exceptions
are:

 Alexander Hamilton, the first Secretary of the Treasury, on the $10 bill.
 Benjamin Franklin on the $100 bill.
 Salmon P. Chase, Treasury Secretary during the Civil War, on the $10,000 bill. This
bill is no longer printed.

III. CONCLUSION

-The United States of America is the fourth largest country in the world in land area.
-The United States of America is the third most populous country.
-The United States of America is called b several different names. These names
include the USA, the United States, the US, the States and America. The official
names, the United States of America, first appeared in the Declaration of
Independence of 1776.
- The Flag of the United States has 50 stars which represent the 50 states of the United
States of America, and the 13 stripes represent the thirteen British colonies that
declared independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain.
- The capital city of the United States of America is Washington, D.C., and can be
referred to formally as the District of Columbia or more informally as D.C. or
Washington.
-Christopher Columbus set foot in America on October 12, 1492. According to
American people, Columbus discovered the U.S in 1492. In fact, Chinese people did
it.
- The United States has operated under a two-party system for most of its history: the
Democratic Party, founded in 1824, and the Republican Party, founded in 1854.
- Republican Donald Trump, the winner of the 2016 presidential election, is serving as
the 45th President of the United States.
-The United States of Americans is the most educated country in the world.
-Americans prefer to limit the influence of government, there is not so where
education is concerned.
-The Education System in the United States is quite similar to others country in the
world.
- Public and private education is developed.
-By some standards, Americans education seems very successful. Our nation’s
education assessment is largely based on graduation rate.30 years ago, America was
the leader in quantity and quality of high school diplomas. Teacher quality is one of
the most significant factors related to student achievement.
-The US is a federal republic; two major political parties currently are Democratic
Party and republican party.
-In US have many traditional churches and less formal religions. The Christianity is a
largest religion.
- The first national government to have no official state- endorsed religion.
- Constitution stipulates the separation of church and state in the first amendment to
the constitution, which prohibits establish of the state religion.
- The United States is sometimes described as a "melting pot" in which different
cultures have contributed their own distinct "flavors" to American culture. Just as
cultures from around the world have influenced American culture, today American
culture influences the world. The term Western culture often refers broadly to the
cultures of the United States and Europe.
- Some well-known food in America are turkey, hamburger, apple pie and tatos…
- Major holidays are Christmas, Thanksgiving, Columbus Day and Independence
Day….
- Main kind of music are Jazz and Pop…
- America always famous for baseball, football and hockey…
- Health care in the United States are largely owned and operated by private sector
businesses…
- America's iconic landmarks: America is known for many famous landmarks.
However, there are four most important places that make up the symbol of
America:
+ The Statue of Liberty: was dedicated on October 28, 1886.
+ Freedom Trail: was built in 1951.
+ Independence Hall: was completed in 1753.
+ Fort Sumter: was completed in 1860.
- The characteristics of American people: Although Americans include many
confused with any other country.
- The U.S. dollar is the most powerful currency in the world
- The dollar is still represented by currency, its true value is represented by credit.
- The U.S. dollar is the real symbol of faith in the power of the U.S. economy.
- The $ symbol itself is derived from a combination of the P and S for Mexican pesos,
Spanish piasters, or pieces of eight.
- The United States no longer produces the half-cent coin, the two-cent coin, the three-
cent coin, the half-dime coin, or the twenty-cent coin
- The currency is shipped to the Federal Reserve banks where members can exchange
credit for currency as needed.