Assignment # 2: Additive Manufacturing of Ti6Al4V Alloy
This document discusses additive manufacturing of Ti6Al4V alloy using three techniques: directed energy deposition, selective laser melting, and electron beam melting. It provides an overview of each technique's effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the manufactured alloy. Selective laser melting and directed energy deposition produce high-strength α' martensitic microstructures but lower ductility than electron beam melting, which forms α + β lamellar structures similar to traditionally manufactured alloys. The presence of defects from additive manufacturing also influences fatigue life. Post-processing can improve fatigue performance by reducing residual stresses and defects.
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Assignment # 2: Additive Manufacturing of Ti6Al4V Alloy
This document discusses additive manufacturing of Ti6Al4V alloy using three techniques: directed energy deposition, selective laser melting, and electron beam melting. It provides an overview of each technique's effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the manufactured alloy. Selective laser melting and directed energy deposition produce high-strength α' martensitic microstructures but lower ductility than electron beam melting, which forms α + β lamellar structures similar to traditionally manufactured alloys. The presence of defects from additive manufacturing also influences fatigue life. Post-processing can improve fatigue performance by reducing residual stresses and defects.
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment # 2
Additive manufacturing of Ti6Al4V alloy:
Introduction: Ti6Al4V alloy, also known as Ti64, is an α + β titanium alloy with high strength, low density, high fracture toughness, excellent corrosion resistance and superior biocompatibility. Recognized as the most popular titanium alloy, Ti6Al4V occupies almost a half of the market share of titanium products used in the world today. Ti6Al4V alloy was originally developed for aircraft structural applications in 1950s. This lightweight and yet strong alloy saves weight in highly loaded structures and is hence extremely suitable for jet engines, gas turbines and many airframe components. While the aerospace industry still dominates the Ti6Al4V demand other application fields such as marine, automobile, energy, chemical and biomedical industries have also found its wide acceptance during the last half a century. The low density, high strength, high corrosion resistance and biocompatibility are attractive characteristics of Ti6Al4V for applications such as bridges and implants [2,8–12]. Its applications have also been extended to the marine and chemical industries due to its high corrosion resistance to most corrosive acids and alkalis. Abstract: In this paper, the recent progress on Ti6Al4V fabricated by three mostly developed additive manufacturing (AM) techniques-directed energy deposition (DED), selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM)-is thoroughly investigated and compared. Fundamental knowledge is provided for the creation of links between processing parameters, resultant microstructures and associated mechanical properties. Room temperature tensile and fatigue properties are also reviewed and compared to traditionally manufactured Ti6Al4V parts. The presence of defects in as-built AM Ti6Al4V components and the influences of these defects on mechanical performances are also critically discussed Conclusions: In this paper, microstructures and tensile and fatigue properties of DED, SLM and EBM built Ti6Al4V components were comparatively studied with the consideration of fabrication limitations, and the results were compared with the counterparts built with other methods. A summary of the findings is provided below: 1. DED and SLM processes produce peak temperatures about 2000–2500 K and high cooling rates about 104 K/s in fabrication of Ti6Al4V. EBM generates a similar peak temperature range but the high build temperature of 600–750 °C decreases the cooling rate locally. 2. The thermal behaviors of DED and SLM processes result in an acicular α′ martensitic microstructure and high tensile stresses while the high build temperature involved in the EBM process leads to an α + β lamellar microstructure free from residual stresses. 3. The presence of α′ martensite in DED and SLM Ti6Al4V significantly increases the ultimate tensile and yield strength by 100–200 MPa but decreases the ductility of the as- built components as compared to the EBM parts that present a similar strength value and moderate ductility to traditionally manufactured and post-treated Ti6Al4V components. 4. α′ martensite’s in DED and SLM Ti6Al4V are also responsible for the lower crack thresholds but higher fatigue limits as compared to EBM, wrought, forged and heat treated Ti6Al4V. 5. The surface roughness, porosity and high tensile stresses in AM Ti6Al4V serve as crack initiation. The location and shape of defects also play a vital role in determining the fatigue performances. 6. Post machining and heat treatments can significantly weaken the crack initiation and increase the fatigue life of AM fabricated Ti6Al4V.
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