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Engine Component 2

The document summarizes various engine components including cylinders, cylinder liners, pistons, and piston types. Cylinders form the combustion chamber and are cooled by coolant flowing around the cylinder liners. Piston rings create a seal between the piston and cylinder wall. Pistons transfer energy from combustion to the crankshaft and pump air and exhaust. Pistons are made of various materials and constructions depending on the engine application.

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anuradha
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65 views6 pages

Engine Component 2

The document summarizes various engine components including cylinders, cylinder liners, pistons, and piston types. Cylinders form the combustion chamber and are cooled by coolant flowing around the cylinder liners. Piston rings create a seal between the piston and cylinder wall. Pistons transfer energy from combustion to the crankshaft and pump air and exhaust. Pistons are made of various materials and constructions depending on the engine application.

Uploaded by

anuradha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Engine components 2

Cylinders - Combustion Chamber

The cylinder liner or parent bore form the side walls of the combustion chamber. The cylinder head
and valves form the top surface of the chamber while the piston and rings form the bottom
surface.

Inside the cylinder liner or parent bore, the piston and rings slide up and down on a thin film of oil.
The tight seal between the piston ring and cylinder wall seals off the combustion chamber from the
lower part of the engine, known as the crankcase.

A process known as plateau honing creates an improved cross-hatch finish on the cylinder walls.
This process improves oil retention for extended ring wear. It also reduces blow-by, oil
consumption, and extended break-in period.

Cylinders - Cooling
Cylinder liners are cooled by direct contact with coolant flowing around their outer surfaces inside
the block. Liners are held in place by the top flange (or mid-supported) and the bottom O-ring seal
area.

Because liners are not supported by the block along their full length, their thick walls must provide
sufficient strength to withstand the combustion forces.

Parent bore cylinders dissipate heat using coolant that flows around the bores and throughout the
internal passages of the engine block.

Cylinder Liners - Dry Sleeves


In order to salvage linerless engines that have reached the limits of being bored oversize, dry
sleeves are used when the engine is rebuilt. During overhaul, each cylinder bore is machined
slightly larger and a dry sleeve is pressed into the bore. These are called “dry sleeves” because the
engine coolant does not directly contact the outer sleeve surface.

Liners, on the other hand, are often called “wet liners” because their outer walls are directly
exposed to the engine’s jacket water cooling system inside the block.

Pistons - What They Do


The major function of the piston (1) is to transfer the energy from combustion to the crankshaft in
the form of mechanical power. It also acts as a pump on intake and exhaust strokes, drawing fresh
air into the combustion chamber and pushing exhaust gases out.

Parts of a Piston

The piston is made up of many parts:

1. Crown (or first land) is the top of the piston where combustion takes place

2. Ring grooves hold the compression and oil control rings; on aluminum pistons, a cast iron ring
band provides greater piston strength, longer wearing ring grooves and precise sealing

3. Ring lands are the area between the rings

4. The Pin bore (or wrist pin bore) contains a machined steel pin that secures the piston to the
connecting rod

5. The Retaining ring (or snap ring) keeps the wrist pin inside the pin bore of the piston

6. The Skirt (or piston skirt) contains the bore for the piston pin and also carries side loads

Pistons - Undercrown and Cooling Gallery


There is an undercrown area (1) on the inside of the piston.

Some pistons contain oil cooling galleries (2) inside the piston crown which cannot be seen.

Piston Types

Pistons are constructed using a variety of methods and materials:


Cast aluminum crown with a forged aluminum skirtComposite using a steel crown and forged
aluminum skirt bolted togetherArticulated with a forged steel crown with pin bores and bushings
and a separate cast aluminum skirt. The two pieces are held together by the wrist pin. This two-
piece piston is required in high output engines with high cylinder pressureSingle piece cast
aluminum piston with an iron band carries piston ringsSingle piece forged steel piston which
features a smaller skirt with less friction, it’s able to withstand higher peak cylinder pressures than
light-alloy pistons of equal weight.

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

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