Uttar Pradsesh Behavorial Research
Uttar Pradsesh Behavorial Research
Uttar Pradsesh Behavorial Research
Just as the railways had fuelled industrialisation and created a class of businessmen who supplanted the
traditional social elites and aristocrats, highways and information technology have totally changed the
equation that a tribe of power-brokers have with the State.
50.4% of students attend government primary school which lacks the basic level of education quality.
The low quality of education in the state (and dearth of jobs) puts India's future workforce at risk and is
reflected in UP's high unemployment.
http://rchiips.org/NFHS/NFHS-4Reports/UttarPradesh.pdf
https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/---sro-
new_delhi/documents/publication/wcms_614693.pdf - Employment Report UP
http://www.youthinfoindia.org/profiles/files/profiles/en/1/Youth%20Info_Uttar%20Pradesh_IND009.
pdf
http://rchiips.org/NFHS/NFHS-4Reports/Bihar.pdf
Household Characteristics
Household composition
26% of households in UP are located in urban areas
On average, households in Uttar Pradesh are comprised of 5 members
14% of households are headed by women, with 11 percent of the population living in female-
headed households.
82% of households in Uttar Pradesh have household heads who are Hindu. Almost all the
remaining households (18%) have household heads who are Muslim.
A majority of households (58%) are nuclear family households
34% of Uttar Pradesh’s population is under age 15; only 6 percent is age 65 and over.
Household Charactersics
1/3rd of households in Uttar Pradesh live in a pucca house and 7 out of every 10
households (71%) have electricity
More than half of households (54%) do not use any sanitation facility, which means that
household members practice open defecation. The percentage of such households is much
higher in rural areas (70%) than in urban areas (10%)
Slightly more than one-third (35%) of households in Uttar Pradesh have improved
sanitation facilities that are not shared with other households
Almost all households use an improved source of drinking water (96%), but only 11
percent have water piped into their dwelling, yard, or plot
1/3rd of households in Uttar Pradesh use a clean fuel for cooking
House Possession
96% of urban and 90 percent of rural households in Uttar Pradesh have a mobile phone
94% of households have a bank or post office account
33% percent of households possess either a motorcycle or a scooter
BPL cards are held by 25 percent of households
Agricultural land is owned by 67 percent of rural households and 20 percent of urban
households
Only 6% of households in Uttar Pradesh have a usual member of the household covered under
some health scheme or health insurance.
33% of women and 62% of men age 15-49 own a house alone or jointly with someone else,
and 26% of women and 50% of men own land alone or jointly with someone else.
A little less than two-fifths (37%) of women have a mobile phone that they themselves use,
and among women who have a mobile phone that they themselves use, 60% can read SMS
messages.
49% of urban women have a mobile phone they themselves can use, compared with 33% of
rural women.
Education
61% of women age 15-49 and 82% of men age 15-49 are literate.
Only 23% of women age 15-49 in Uttar Pradesh have completed 12 or more years of schooling,
compared with 28% of men
36% of women and 16% of men age 15-49 have never been to school
Marraige
The median age at first marriage is 19.1 years among women age 25-29 years and 18.5 years
among women age 20-49 years
Men age 25-49 have a median age at first marriage of 22.0 years, indicating that men tend to
get married about four years later than women
Sixty-one percent of births in Uttar Pradesh occur within three years of the previous birth
In Uttar Pradesh, there is a strong preference for sons
The percentage of women and men who want more sons than daughters is 31 and 28 percent,
respectively, but only 1-2 percent of women and men want more daughters than sons
Employment (Women)
Only 25% of all women age 15-49 were employed in the 12 months preceding the survey; in
the same period, 79% of all men age 15-49 were employed
47% of employed women worked in a non-agricultural occupation, compared with 66% of
employed men
Decision Making
Women are somewhat more likely to participate in decisions about their own health care
(73%) than in decisions about major household purchases and visits to their own family and
relatives (69-71%)
Overall, 60% of currently married women participate in making all three of these decisions,
and 18% do not participate in making any of the three decisions
For men, 90 percent participated in making decisions about their own health care and 95
percent participated in decisions about major household purchases.
55% of women have a bank or savings account that they themselves use. This percentage is
highest, at 73 percent, among women who have 12 or more years of schooling
Only 32% of women are allowed to go by themselves to all three of the following places: the
market, a health facility, and places outside the village/community
Gender-role Attitude
41% of women believe it is justifiable for a husband to beat his wife under some
circumstances.
Men are less likely to agree: 42% say that wife beating is justified in some circumstances,
especially if the wife shows disrespect for in-laws
BIHAR
Household Composition
13% of households are in urban areas
On average, households in Bihar are comprised of 5 members. 24% of households are headed
by women
The vast majority of households in Bihar have household heads who are Hindu (84%). 16% of
households have household heads who are Muslim
39% of Bihar’s population is under age 15; only 6% is age 65 and over
Housing Characteristics
Only 26 percent of households in Bihar live in a pucca house, and 58 percent live in semi-pucca
house
Only 59 percent of households have electricity
Open defecation is more common among rural households (73%) than urban households
(22%)
Around 18 percent of households use a clean fuel for cooking
Household Possession
Almost all urban and rural households in Bihar (95% and 89%, respectively) have a mobile
phone
Seventy-two percent of households have a bank or post office account
BPL cards are held by 56 percent of households, up from 39 percent in NFHS-3
Overall, 43 percent of households in Bihar own agricultural land
Education
Almost half of the women (48%) and 21% of men age 15-49 have never been to school
Only 12 percent of women age 15-49 in Bihar have completed 12 or more years of schooling,
compared with 26 percent of men
Media Exposure
The median age at first marriage is 17.5 years among women age 20-49 years and 21.8 years among
men age 25-49 years. On average, men get married more than four years later than women. 35% of
men age 25-29 years got married before the legal minimum age of 21, down from 43 percent of men
in NFHS-3.
Only 20 percent of women age 15-49 were employed in the 12 months preceding the survey; in
the same period, 76 percent of men age 15-49 were employed
Among employed women, 62 percent earned cash, including 15 percent whose earnings were
in both cash and in-kind, and 22 percent were not paid at all
Most men who were employed earned cash (87%) and only 10 percent were not paid at all
Fifty percent of employed women worked in non-agricultural occupations, compared with 62
percent of employed men
Decision Making
Women are slightly more likely to participate in decisions about their own health care (66%)
than in decisions about major household purchases and visits to their own family and relatives
(61- 64%)
Overall, 52 percent of currently married women participate in making all three of these
decisions, and 25 percent do not participate in making any of the three decisions
Men were much more likely than women to report that they alone or jointly with their wife
participated in both these decisions: 89 percent participated in making decisions about their
own health care and 95 percent participated in decisions about major household purchases.
About one-fourth of women (26%) have a bank or savings account that they themselves use.
This percentage is highest, at 45 percent, among women who have 12 or more years of
schooling.
Only 34 percent of women are allowed to go by themselves to all three of the following places:
the market, a health facility, and places outside the village/community
Ownership of Assets
58% of women and 77% of men own a house alone or jointly with someone else, and 50% of
women and 67% of men own land alone or jointly with someone else
Over 2/5th of women (41%) have a mobile phone that they themselves use, and among women
who have a mobile phone that they themselves use 40% can read SMS messages
50% of urban women have a mobile phone they themselves can use, compared with 39% of
rural women
Gender-role Attitude
53% of women believe it is justifiable for a husband to beat his wife under some circumstances
Men are less likely to agree: 38% say that wife-beating is justified in some circumstances,
especially if the wife shows disrespect for in- laws (24%)
Even among women and men who have completed at least 12 years of schooling, 36 percent of
women and 29 percent of men say that a husband is justified in beating his wife for one or
more of the specified reasons