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Cambridge IGCSE Add Maths 0606 Formulas

Cambridge IGCSE Add Maths 0606 Notes and Formulas

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Eric Chan
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6K views5 pages

Cambridge IGCSE Add Maths 0606 Formulas

Cambridge IGCSE Add Maths 0606 Notes and Formulas

Uploaded by

Eric Chan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1. SET LANGUAGE & NOTATION + Awoll-defined collection of objects is called a set and ‘each object is called a member or element of the set + Asot is denoted by a capital letter and is expressed by: © Listing its elements, 0.9.7 = fa, ¢, i, 0, u} © Aset builder notation R set of real numbers R* set of positive real numbers N __ setof natural numbers zi set of integers Z* set of positive integers 9. {ex is a prime number and x < 30) + For any finite set P, n(P) denotes the number of ‘elements in P + Anull or empty set is denote by { } or @ + For any two sets P and O: © P=Q if they have the same elements 0 PCQifrEP4xEQ © PNQ= {ex EP and x € Q} © PNQ=B then Pand Q are disjoint sets 0 PUQ= tx EP ors EQ} + For any set P and universal set o PCEandO0 0- u-shaped -. minimum point @ <0-n-shaped .. maximum point + Find the x-intercept: © Factorize or use formula + Type of root by calculating discriminant 6? — 4ae © If? ~ aze = 0, real and equal roots © If? — ane > 0, real and distinct roots © If? ~ dae <0, no real roots Intersections of a line and a curve: if the simultaneous ‘equations of the line and curve leads to a simultaneous, ~ dae = 0, line is tangent to the curve © IB? — dae > 0, ine moots curve in two points © If? ~ dee <0, line does not met curve + Quadratic inequality: O (xd x= p ) O0-xp 4. INDICES & SURDS + Definitions: © for « > 0 and positive integers p and q ao=1 + Rules: © for @ > 0, b > 0 and rational numbers m and 1 (any =a 5. FACTORS OF POLYNOMIALS + Tofind unknowns in a given identity © Substitute suitable values of x on © Equalize the given coefficients of like powers of x Factor Theorem: «= If (—1is a factor of the function x) then p(t) = 0 Remainder Theorem: «+ Ifa function fe) is divided by (x ~#) then: Remainder = ft) + The formula for remainder theorem: Dividend = Diver x Quotient + Remainder 6. SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS. «+ Simultaneous linear equations can be solved either by Substitution or elimination ‘+ Simultaneous linear and non-linear equations are ‘generally solved by substitution as follows: © Step 1: obtain an equation in one unknown & solve it (0 Step 2: substitute the results from step 1 into the linear equation to find the other unknown += The points of intersection of two graphs are given by tho solution of their simultaneous equations. 7, LOGARITHMIC & EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS + Definition 0 fore>Oande1 yoo ermlog ay + For log « »to be defined > O anda >0,c%1 '* When the logarithms are defined tog, 1 loge b+ log ge=log «be loge loge b-log ge =log «> loge log, b" = nlog gd + When solving logarithmic equations, check solution with original equation and discard any solutions that causes logarithm to be undefined + Solution of ¢ * =wherea #1, 0, 1 + If can be easily written asa *, then ‘+ Othemise take logarithms on both sides, be.loga* =logbandsox= Bb +109 109 10 sin 10g 8. STRAIGHT LINE GRAPHS + Equation of a straight line: me +e yoy a=mie—x a) + Gradient: m= W222 + Length of a line segment: Longth = ¥@2—¥a)? +6 2—ya) + Midpoint of a line segment: (at yity zs + Parallelogram: ‘© ABCD is a parallelogram + diagonals AC and BD have ‘a common midpoint © Special parallelograms = rhombuses, squares, rectangles + Special gradients: © Parallel ines: my =m 2 © Perpendicular lines: m ym 2 = —1 + Perpendicular bisector: line passes through midpoint ++ To work out point of intersection of two lines/curves, solve equations simultaneously 9, CIRCULAR MEASURE 10. TRIGONOMETRY « Trigonometric ratio of special angles: 1 3 1 isosceles right 30-60-90" triangle triangle SINE CURVE COSINE CURVE us ue ag ur TANGENT CURVE CAST DIAGRAM 1 tane + Trigonometric identities: sine oso asec 7 tan?@4+1=sec?o + Sketching trigonometric graphs: ya pe +c)-dy alters y-axis by d sin? 9+ cos?@=1 no. of cycles alters x-axis by —c changes amplitude 11. PERMUTATIONS & COMBINATIONS + Basic Counting Principle: to find the number of ways of performing several tasks in succession, multiply the number of ways in which each task can be performed: 0.g.5x4x3x2 mx (n—=1) x(n —2) x3x2x1 ‘0 The number of ordered arrangements of r objects taken from n unlike objects is: wor mse © Order matters + Combinations: ‘0 The number of ways of selecting, objects trom n Unlike objects is: a " Ta + Order does not matter

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