University of the Philippines College of Law

MSI D2021

Topic Enforcement of Judgments > Redemption from Execution Sale

Case No. G.R. No. 138978, September 12, 2002
Case Name HI-YIELD REALTY, INC., PETITIONER, VS. COURT OF APPEALS, HONORABLE MAURICIO RIVERA AS PRESIDING
JUDGE OF THE REGIONAL TRIAL COURT, ANTIPOLO CITY, BRANCH 73 AND NOLI FRANCISCO,
RESPONDENTS.
Ponente Corona, J.

RELEVANT FACTS
 Private respondent Francisco (as attorney-in-fact of a married couple) and petitioner Hi-Yield Realty, Inc. entered into a
“Deed of Real Estate Mortgage” with the former as mortgagor and the latter as mortgagee. The mortgaged property as owned
by the married couple.
 Upon respondent’s failure to pay the loan upon demand, the petitioner thereafter moved for the extrajudicial foreclosure of
the said property. The property was sold to petitioner as the highest bidder. A Certificate of Sale was issued in favor of
petitioner; this was registered on August 13, 1992. As such, private respondent had until August 13, 1993 to redeem.
 On August 13, 1993, however, private respondent filed a petition with the RTC, claiming:
o That he offered to redeem the property twice prior to the expiration of the said redemption period;
o That petitioner allegedly refused to accept the offer; and
o That petitioner instead demanded more than P1,500,000 as redemption price.
 The court resolved another issue regarding computation of capital gains tax and other fees, the resolution of which ultimately
led to the court’s decision that private respondent had until April 8, 1994 to pay the redemption price in full.
 The RTC ordered private respondent to pay the redemption price.
 Private respondent failed to pay on the date the price was due and instead asked for a 45-day extension because of
insufficiency of funds.
 At first the court denied the extension but ultimately allowed the same in a subsequent order. Furthermore, petitioner was
ordered by the court to accept what the private respondent offered (only around P550K) as the full redemption price.
 Petitioner moved to reconsider the latter order, arguing that the period of redemption of 1 year can no long be extended as
the same was fixed by law. The RTC denied its MR. Petitioner then filed a PetCert with the CA.
 CA found the petition to be unmeritorious.
 Frustrated, petitioner seeks this court to review the decision of the lower courts.

ISSUE AND RATIO DECIDENDI

Issue Ratio
W/N the extension of the Section 28, Rule 39 of the Rules of Court provides:
redemptive period by the trial court
(i.e. another 45 days after April 8, “SEC. 28. Time and manner of, and amounts payable on, successive redemptions; notice to
1994) was well within private be given and filed. – The judgment obligor, or redemptioner, may redeem the property from
respondent’s preserved right to the purchaser, at any time within one (1) year from the date of the registration of the
redeem – NO certificate of sale, by paying the purchaser the amount of his purchase, with one per centum
per month interest thereon in addition, up to the time of redemption, together with the
amount of any assessments or taxes which the purchaser may have paid thereon after
purchase, and interest on such last named amount of the same rate; and if the purchaser be
also a creditor having a prior lien to that of the redemptioner, other than the judgment under
which such purchase was made, the amount of such other lien, with interest.”

 Pursuant to the abovementioned rule, the right of redemption should be exercised

within the specified time limit, which is one year from the date of registration of
the certificate of sale. Moreover, the redemptioner should make an actual tender
in good faith of the full amount of the purchase price as provided above, which
University of the Philippines College of Law
MSI D2021

means the auction price of the property plus the creditor’s other legitimate
expenses like taxes, registration fees, etc.
 The rule works well if both parties agree on the amount to be tendered on or before
the end of the redemption period. In this case, however, the parties could not agree
on the amount as in fact the private respondent claimed he twice tried to redeem
the property but the petitioner refused — because they could not agree on the
redemption price.
o What is the redemptioner’s option therefore when the redemption period
is about to expire and the redemption cannot take place on account of
disagreement over the redemption price?
o According to jurisprudence, the redemptioner faced with such a problem
may preserve his right of redemption through judicial action which in
every case must be filed within the one-year period of redemption. The
filing of the court action to enforce redemption, being equivalent to a
formal offer to redeem, would have the effect of preserving his redemptive
rights and “freezing” the expiration of the one-year period. This is a fair
interpretation provided the action is filed on time and in good faith, the
redemption price is finally determined and paid within a reasonable time,
and the rights of the parties are respected.
o Stated otherwise, the foregoing interpretation, as applied to the case at
bar, has three critical dimensions:
 (1) timely redemption or redemption by expiration date (or, as
what happened in this case, the redemptioner was forced to
resort to judicial action to “freeze” the expiration of the
redemption period);
 (2) good faith as always, meaning, the filing of the private
respondent’s action on August 13, 1993 must have been for the
sole purpose of determining the redemption price and not to
stretch the redemptive period indefinitely; and
 (3) once the redemption price is determined within a reasonable
time, the redemptioner must make prompt payment in full.
 It was serious error to make the final redemption of the foreclosed property
dependent on the financial condition of private respondent. It may have been
difficult for private respondent to raise the money to redeem the property but
financial hardship is not a ground to extend the period of redemption.
 The opportunity to redeem the subject property was never denied to private
respondent. His timely formal offer through judicial action to redeem was likewise
recognized. But that is where it ends. The court cannot sanction and grant every
succeeding motion or petition — especially if frivolous or unreasonable — filed by
him because this would manifestly and unreasonably delay the final resolution of
ownership of the subject property.
 Had private respondent’s act of filing a suit for redemption really been in good faith,
private respondent could have at least consigned or deposited what he thought to
be the correct amount simultaneously with the filing of the action to redeem on
August 13, 1993 - to show not only good faith but also his intention and capability
of paying in full what he believed to be the reasonable price. But even as he
petitioned the court for the consignation of the redemption price, no actual
consignation was made. He instead sought a 45-day extension of the period to pay
the redemption price. This was downright reflective of private respondent’s financial
inability to redeem from the very start.
 University of the Philippines College of Law
MSI D2021

 As a result of the trial court’s grant of a 45-day extended period to redeem, almost
nine (9) years have elapsed with both parties’ claims over the property dangling in
limbo, to the serious impairment of petitioner’s rights. This court calls the trial
court’s attention to the prejudice it has wittingly or unwittingly caused the
petitioner. It was really all too simple. The trial court should have seen, as in fact it
had already initially seen, that the 45-day extension sought by private respondent
on April 8, 1994 was just a play to cover up his lack of funds to redeem the foreclosed
property.

RULING

WHEREFORE, the petition is PARTLY GRANTED. The decision of the Court of Appeals under review is hereby MODIFIED as follows: (1)
the orders dated January 31, 1994 and March 15, 1994 of the trial court are hereby SUSTAINED; (2) the orders dated June 13, 1994
and July 16, 1997 of the trial court are hereby SET ASIDE and NULLIFIED. Consequently, for failure of private respondent to redeem
the property within the period set by the trial court in its order dated March 15, 1994, the petitioner is hereby allowed to consolidate
the title to the subject property in its name.

SEPARATE OPINIONS

NOTES