Training Modern School Leaders

340
TRAINING MODERN SCHOOL LEADERS
curriculum, personnel administration, and plant operation and safety. Further, he

must demonstrate knowledge of the legal responsibilities, policies, and directives of
the board of education and the superintendent of schools; know the legal rights and
responsibilities or teachers, students, and parents; promote a school environment that
encourages voluntary respect for the rights of staff and pupils; and must maintain
legal records, including attendance, length of school day, curriculum content, health
records, fire and civil defense drills, etc. He is also responsible for the safety of the
plant and personnel.
The principal is also responsible, as school manager, for the fiscal operation
of the school, which requires him to operate a program within budgetary limitations,
and maintain fiscal and financial records. He must, also determine processes and
procedures for effective administration of the building, and organize the school’s
daily schedule.
Also at the state level, Texas has a unique program for training school
superintendents that could apply to the principalship. The Cooperative
Superintendency Program is jointly sponsored by the state department of education,
the University of Texas, and a statewide advisory board of local superintendents.
The purpose of the Texas program is to overcome the often bitter, day-to-day,
on-the-job learning experience in which administrators cope with crises while
becoming familiar with their role. The solution is a developmental experience
combining practical training and educational theory. The heart of the program is the
blend of university course work and practical experience at the state level to learn
about such areas as financial procedure, school and teacher accreditation, curriculum
development, research and planning, state and federal working relationships, and the
significance of public relations:
An important dimension of the Texas program is that participants are
nominated from the field. During 1981, for instance, only twenty finalists were
selected from over 160 nominees.23
Kentucky school administrators propose to train their members through
formation of the Kentucky Academy for School Executives, modeled after the
National Academy of the American Association of School Administrators. A recent
statement in the statewide newsletter explains the new program:
There is no organization, university or group in Kentucky at the present time
that focuses solely on the professional development needs of school
administrators. In order to meet these needs, the KASA Board of Directors
approved a Five-Year Plan of Action for 1982-86 for implementing the
Kentucky Academy for School Executives, KASE.
23
Earl Schubert, "How Texas Carefully Prepares Good Administrators," The
Christian Science Monitor (February 5, 1982): 8-12.
340
PELATIHAN MODERN UNTUK PEMIMPIN SEKOLAH
kurikulum, administrasi kepegawaian, dan operasi pabrik dan keselamatan. Lebih
lanjut, ia harus menunjukkan pengetahuan tentang tanggung jawab hukum, kebijakan,
dan arahan dari dewan pendidikan dan superinten sekolah; mengetahui hak dan
tanggung jawab hukum atau guru, siswa, dan orang tua; mempromosikan lingkungan
sekolah yang mendorong penghormatan sukarela atas hak staf dan murid; dan harus
menyimpan catatan hukum, termasuk kehadiran, lama sekolah, konten kurikulum,
catatan kesehatan, latihan pemadam kebakaran dan pertahanan sipil, dll. Ia juga
bertanggung jawab atas keselamatan instalasi dan personilnya.
Kepala sekolah juga bertanggung jawab, sebagai manajer sekolah, untuk
operasi fiskal sekolah, yang mengharuskannya untuk mengoperasikan program dalam
batasan anggaran, dan memelihara catatan fiskal dan keuangan. Dia harus, juga
menentukan proses dan prosedur untuk administrasi gedung yang efektif, dan
mengatur jadwal harian sekolah.
Juga di tingkat negara bagian, Texas memiliki program unik untuk melatih
pengawas sekolah yang dapat mengajukan permohonan ke kepala sekolah. Program
Pengawasan Koperasi secara bersama-sama disponsori oleh departemen pendidikan
negara bagian, Universitas Texas, dan dewan penasehat negara bagian setempat.
Tujuan program Texas adalah untuk mengatasi pengalaman belajar sambil
bekerja yang sering pahit, sehari-hari, di mana para administrator mengatasi krisis
sambil menjadi akrab dengan peran mereka. Solusinya adalah pengalaman
perkembangan yang menggabungkan pelatihan praktis dan teori pendidikan. Inti dari
program ini adalah perpaduan kerja kursus universal dan pengalaman praktis di
tingkat negara bagian untuk belajar tentang bidang-bidang seperti prosedur keuangan,
sekolah dan guru akreditasi, pengembangan kurikulum, penelitian dan perencanaan,
kerja negara dan makanan hubungan, dan pentingnya hubungan masyarakat:
Dimensi penting dari program Texas adalah bahwa peserta dinominasikan
dari lapangan. Selama tahun 1981, misalnya, hanya dua puluh finalis yang dipilih dari
lebih dari 160 nominasi.23
Administrator sekolah Kentucky mengusulkan untuk melatih anggota mereka
melalui pembentukan Akademi Kentucky untuk Eksekutif Sekolah, yang meniru
Akademi Nasional Asosiasi Amerika dari Administrator Sekolah. Pernyataan baru-
baru ini di buletin di seluruh negara bagian menjelaskan program baru:
Tidak ada organisasi, universitas atau kelompok di Kentucky pada saat ini
yang hanya berfokus pada kebutuhan pengembangan profesional para
administrator sekolah. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan ini, Dewan Direksi KASA
menyetujui Rencana Aksi Lima Tahun untuk tahun 1982-86 untuk
menerapkan Kentucky Academy for School Executive, KASE.

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340

TRAINING MODERN SCHOOL LEADERS

curriculum, personnel administration, and plant operation and safety. Further, he

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