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Servlet Example - Steps To Create A Servlet Example - Javatpoint

The document outlines 6 steps to create a servlet example using Apache Tomcat server: 1) Create a directory structure with classes and WEB-INF folders, 2) Create a Servlet class extending HttpServlet, 3) Compile the servlet class, 4) Create a web.xml deployment descriptor mapping the servlet, 5) Start the Tomcat server and deploy the project, 6) Access the servlet. It provides code examples for the Servlet class and web.xml file. The document also discusses setting the JAVA_HOME environment variable to start the Tomcat server.

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sachin verma
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127 views

Servlet Example - Steps To Create A Servlet Example - Javatpoint

The document outlines 6 steps to create a servlet example using Apache Tomcat server: 1) Create a directory structure with classes and WEB-INF folders, 2) Create a Servlet class extending HttpServlet, 3) Compile the servlet class, 4) Create a web.xml deployment descriptor mapping the servlet, 5) Start the Tomcat server and deploy the project, 6) Access the servlet. It provides code examples for the Servlet class and web.xml file. The document also discusses setting the JAVA_HOME environment variable to start the Tomcat server.

Uploaded by

sachin verma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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12/26/2018 Servlet Example : Steps to create a servlet example - javatpoint

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Steps to create a servlet example


There are given 6 steps to create a servlet example. These steps are required
for all the servers.

The servlet example can be created by three ways:

1. By implementing Servlet interface,


2. By inheriting GenericServlet class, (or)
3. By inheriting HttpServlet class

The mostly used approach is by extending HttpServlet because it provides http


request specific method such as doGet(), doPost(), doHead() etc.

Here, we are going to use apache tomcat server in this example. The steps are
as follows:

1. Create a directory structure


2. Create a Servlet
3. Compile the Servlet
4. Create a deployment descriptor
5. Start the server and deploy the project
6. Access the servlet

download this example of servlet


download example of servlet by extending GenericServlet
download example of servlet by implementing Servlet interface

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1)Create a directory structures


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The directory structure defines that where to put the different types of files so
that web container may get the information and respond to the client.

The Sun Microsystem defines a unique standard to be followed by all the server
vendors. Let's see the directory structure that must be followed to create the
servlet.

As you can see that the servlet class file must be in the classes folder. The
web.xml file must be under the WEB-INF folder.

2)Create a Servlet

There are three ways to create the servlet.

1. By implementing the Servlet interface


2. By inheriting the GenericServlet class
3. By inheriting the HttpServlet class

The HttpServlet class is widely used to create the servlet because it provides
methods to handle http requests such as doGet(), doPost, doHead() etc.

In this example we are going to create a servlet that extends the HttpServlet
class. In this example, we are inheriting the HttpServlet class and providing the
implementation of the doGet() method. Notice that get request is the default
request.

DemoServlet.java

import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import java.io.*;
public class DemoServlet extends HttpServlet{
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public void doGet(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse res)


throws ServletException,IOException
{
res.setContentType("text/html");//setting the content type
PrintWriter pw=res.getWriter();//get the stream to write the data

//writing html in the stream


pw.println("<html><body>");
pw.println("Welcome to servlet");
pw.println("</body></html>");

pw.close();//closing the stream


}}

3)Compile the servlet


For compiling the Servlet, jar file is required to be loaded. Different Servers
provide different jar files:

Jar file Server

1) servlet-api.jar Apache Tomcat

2) weblogic.jar Weblogic

3) javaee.jar Glassfish

4) javaee.jar JBoss

Two ways to load the jar file

1. set classpath
2. paste the jar file in JRE/lib/ext folder

Put the java file in any folder. After compiling the java file, paste the class file of
servlet in WEB-INF/classes directory.

4)Create the deployment descriptor (web.xml


file)
The deployment descriptor is an xml file, from which Web Container gets the
information about the servet to be invoked.

The web container uses the Parser to get the information from the web.xml file.
There are many xml parsers such as SAX, DOM and Pull. ⇧

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There are many elements in the web.xml file. Here is given some necessary
elements to run the simple servlet program.

web.xml file

<web-app>

<servlet>
<servlet-name>sonoojaiswal</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>DemoServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>sonoojaiswal</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/welcome</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

Description of the elements of web.xml file

There are too many elements in the web.xml file. Here is the illustration of some
elements that is used in the above web.xml file. The elements are as follows:

<web-app> represents the whole application.

<servlet> is sub element of <web-app> and represents the servlet.

<servlet-name> is sub element of <servlet> represents the name of the


servlet.

<servlet-class> is sub element of <servlet> represents the class of the servlet.

<servlet-mapping> is sub element of <web-app>. It is used to map the


servlet.

<url-pattern> is sub element of <servlet-mapping>. This pattern is used at


client side to invoke the servlet.

5)Start the Server and deploy the project


To start Apache Tomcat server, double click on the startup.bat file under apache-
tomcat/bin directory.

One Time Configuration for Apache Tomcat


Server
⇧
You need to perform 2 tasks:
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1. set JAVA_HOME or JRE_HOME in environment variable (It is required to


start server).
2. Change the port number of tomcat (optional). It is required if another
server is running on same port (8080).

1) How to set JAVA_HOME in environment variable?

To start Apache Tomcat server JAVA_HOME and JRE_HOME must be set in


Environment variables.

Go to My Computer properties -> Click on advanced tab then environment


variables -> Click on the new tab of user variable -> Write JAVA_HOME in variable
name and paste the path of jdk folder in variable value -> ok -> ok -> ok.

Go to My Computer properties:

Click on advanced system settings tab then environment variables:

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Click on the new tab of user variable or system variable:

Write JAVA_HOME in variable name and paste the path of jdk folder in variable
value:

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There must not be semicolon (;) at the end of the path.

After setting the JAVA_HOME double click on the startup.bat file in apache
tomcat/bin.

Note: There are two types of tomcat available:

1. Apache tomcat that needs to extract only (no need to install)


2. Apache tomcat that needs to install

It is the example of apache tomcat that needs to extract only.

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Now server is started successfully.

2) How to change port number of apache tomcat

Changing the port number is required if there is another server running on the
same system with same port number.Suppose you have installed oracle, you need
to change the port number of apache tomcat because both have the default port
number 8080.

Open server.xml file in notepad. It is located inside the apache-tomcat/conf


directory . Change the Connector port = 8080 and replace 8080 by any four digit
number instead of 8080. Let us replace it by 9999 and save this file.

5) How to deploy the servlet project


Copy the project and paste it in the webapps folder under apache tomcat.

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But there are several ways to deploy the project. They are as follows:

By copying the context(project) folder into the webapps directory


By copying the war folder into the webapps directory
By selecting the folder path from the server
By selecting the war file from the server

Here, we are using the first approach.

You can also create war file, and paste it inside the webapps directory. To do so,
you need to use jar tool to create the war file. Go inside the project directory
(before the WEB-INF), then write:

projectfolder> jar cvf myproject.war *

Creating war file has an advantage that moving the project from one location to
another takes less time.

6) How to access the servlet


Open broser and write http://hostname:portno/contextroot/urlpatternofservlet.
For example:

http://localhost:9999/demo/welcome

download this example of servlet (using notepad)


download example of servlet by extending GenericServlet
download example of servlet by implementing Servlet interface

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