PROBLEM 9.

11

Determine by direct integration the moment of inertia of the shaded area

with respect to the x axis.

SOLUTION

At x = 0, y = b: b = ke0 = k

− ax
Then y = be

1 3 b3  − ax 3
Now dI x = y dx =  e  dx
3 3 

a b3  − ax 3
Then I x = ∫ dI x = ∫0  e  dx
3 

a
b3 − 3ax b3  −a  − 3ax b3a −3
=
3
∫ e dx = 
3 3 
e =−
9
(e − e0 )
0

ab3
= ( 0.95021) = 0.10558ab3
9

or I x = 0.1056ab3
 PROBLEM 9.12

Determine by direct integration the moment of inertia of the shaded area

with respect to the y axis.

SOLUTION

1 b
At x = a, y = b: b = ka 2 or k =
a

b 12
Then y = x
a

Now dI y = x 2dA, dA = ydx

b 52
dI y = x 2 ydx = x dx
a
a
a b 52 4 b 72
Then I y = ∫ dI y = 2∫ 0
x dx = x
a 7 a 0

4 b 72
= a
7 a 12

4 3
or I y = ab
7
 PROBLEM 9.13

Determine by direct integration the moment of inertia of the shaded area

with respect to the y axis.

SOLUTION
At x = 2a, y = b: 2a = kb3 or s

2a 3
Then x= y
b3

b 1
or y = 1
x3
( 2a ) 3

Now I y = ∫ x 2dA dA = ydx

2a b 1
Then I y = ∫a x 2 1
x 3 dx
( 2a ) 3

b 2a 5
= 1 ∫a x 3 dx
( 2a ) 3

2a
b 3 103
= 1
x
( 2a ) 3 10
a

3b  2a 103 − a 103 
= 1 ( ) 
10 ( 2a ) 3

3ba3  103
2 − 1 3 
10
= 1 
10 ( 2 ) 3  

= 2.1619a3b

or I y = 2.16a3b
 PROBLEM 9.14

Determine by direct integration the moment of inertia of the shaded area

with respect to the y axis.

SOLUTION

At x = 0, y = b: b = ke0 = k
− ax
Then y = be

Now dI y = x 2dA = x 2 ydx

−x
= x 2be a dx
a −x a −x
Then I y = ∫ dI y = ∫0 bx 2e a dx = b∫0 x 2e a dx

Use integration by parts

−x
u = x2 dv = e a dx
− ax
du = 2 xdx v = −ae

 a 
− ∫0  −ae a  2 xdx 
a −x −x a −x
Then I y = ∫0 x 2e a dx = b  −ax 2e a
 0   

= b  −a3e −1 + 2a ∫0 xe a dx 
a −x

 
Again use integration by parts:
−x
u = x dv = e a dx
− ax
du = dx v = −ae
 PROBLEM 9.14 CONTINUED

a
− ∫0  −ae  dx
a −x − ax a − ax
Then ∫0 xe a dx = −axe 


0

a
− ax
= −a 2e−1 − a 2e = −a 2e−1 − a 2e−1 + a 2e0
0

= −2a 2e −1 + a 2

Finally, ( )
I y = b  −a 3e −1 + 2a −2a 2e −1 + a 2  = ba3 −5e −1 + 2
  ( )
= 0.1606ba3

or I y = 0.1606ba3
 PROBLEM 9.15

Determine the moment of inertia and the radius of gyration of the shaded
area shown with respect to the x axis.

SOLUTION
At x = a, y1 = y2 = b

b
y1: b = ma or m=
a
b
y2: b = ka3 or k =
a3
b a
Then y1 = x or x1 = y
a b

b 3  a  1
y2 = x or x2 =  1  y 3
a3  3
b 

 a 1 a 
Now dA = ( x2 − x1 ) dy =  1 y 3 − y  dy
 3 b 
b
b
b a a 1   a 3 4 a 1 2
A = 2∫ dA = 2∫ 
0
y − 3 y  dy = 2  1 y 3 − y 
1
b 
 b3   b 3 4 b 2 
0

3ab 1
= − ab = ab
2 2
 a 1 a 
Then dI x = y 2dA = y 2  1 y 3 − y  dy
 3 b 
b
b
 y 73
y 3   3 y 103 y 4 
Now I x = 2∫ dI x = 2a ∫
b
 − dy = 2a  −
01
b  10 13 4b 
b  b
3
 0

 3 b3   3 1
= 2a  b3 −  = 2ab3  − 
 10 4   10 4

1 3
or I x = ab
10
1 ab3
Ix 1 2
And k x2 = = 10
1 ab
= b
A 2
5

b
kx =
5
 PROBLEM 9.16

Determine the moment of inertia and the radius of gyration of the shaded
area shown with respect to the x axis.

SOLUTION
1
At x = a, y = b: b = k1a 4 b = k2a 4

b b
or k1 = k2 =
a4
1
a4
b 4 b 1
Then y1 = x y2 = x4
a4
1
a 4

a 1 a 4
and x1 = y4 x2 = y
b4
1
b 4

 1 x4 
a x4
Now A = ∫ ( y2 − y1 ) dx = b∫0  1 − 4 dx
 a4 a 
 
a
 4 x 54 1 x5 
= b −  = 3 ab
1 4
5 a4 5 a  5
 0

Then I x = ∫ y 2dA dA = ( x1 − x2 ) dy

b 2
 a 1 a 4
Ix = ∫0 y  y4 − y  dy
b 4 
1
b 4

b
 4 y 134 1 y 7 
= a −
1
13 b 4 7 b4 
 0

 4 1
= ab3  − 
 13 7 
15 3
or I x = ab
91
15 ab3
Ix 25 2
Now kx = = 91
3 ab
= b = 0.52414b
A 5
91

or k x = 0.524b
 PROBLEM 9.17

Determine the moment of inertia and the radius of gyration of the shaded
area shown with respect to the y axis.

SOLUTION
At x = a, y1 = y2 = b

b
y1: b = ka3 or k =
a3
b
y2: b = ma or m=
a
b 3
Then y1 = x
a3
b
y2 = x
a
b b 
Now dA = ( y2 − y1 ) dx =  x − 3 x3  dx
 a a 
a
b a x3  b 1 1 
A = ∫ dA = 2 ∫0  x − 2 dx = 2  x 2 − 2 x 4 
a  a  a 2 4a 0

b  a2 1  1
=2  − 2 a 4  = ab
a 2 4a  2

b  3 x 5  
Now dI y = x 2dA =  x − 2  dx 
a  a  

a b a x5 
Then I y = ∫0 dI y = 2 ∫0  x3 − 2  dx
a  a 
a
b 1 1  b  a 4 1 a6 
= 2  x 4 − 2 x6  = 2  − 
a 4 6a 0 a 4 6 a 2 

1 3 1 3
= ab or I y = ab
6 6
Iy 1 a 3b
1 2 a
And k y2 = = 6
1 ab
= a or k y =
A 2
3 3
 PROBLEM 9.18

Determine the moment of inertia and the radius of gyration of the shaded
area shown with respect to the y axis.

1
SOLUTION At x = a, y = b: b = k1a 4 b = k2a 4

b b
or k1 = k2 =
a4
1
a4
b 4 b 1
Then y1 = x and y2 = x4
a4
1
a 4

 x 14 x 4 
A = ∫ ( y2 − y1 ) dx = b∫
a
Now  − dx
0
a4 
1
a
4

a
 4 x 54 1 x5 
= b −  = 3 ab
1 4
5 a4 5 a  5
 0

Now I y = ∫ x 2dA dA = ( y2 − y1 ) dx

a  b 1 b 
Then I y = ∫0 x 2  1 x 4 − 4 x 4  dx
 4 a 
a 

 9 x6 
a x4
= b ∫0  1 − 4  dx
 a4 a 
 
a
 4 x 134 1 x7 
= b −
13 a 14 7 a4 
 0

 4 1 
= b  a3 − a3 
 13 7 
15 3
or I y = ab
91

Iy 15 a 3b
25
Now ky = = 91
3 ab
= a = 0.52414a
A 5
91

or k y = 0.524a
 PROBLEMS 9.19 AND 9.20

P 9.19 Determine the moment of inertia and the radius of gyration of the
shaded area shown with respect to the x axis.
P 9.20 Determine the moment of inertia and the radius of gyration of the
shaded area shown with respect to the y axis.

SOLUTION
First determine constants m, b, and c
y1: at x = 2a, y =0

0 = m ( 2a ) + b

At x = a, y =h

h = m(a) + b

h
Solving yields m=− b = 2h
a
h
Then y1 = − x + 2h
a
y2: at x = 2a, y =0

0 = c sin k ( 2a )

At x = a, y = 2h
2h = c sin ka

Solving c sin k ( 2a ) = 0 c≠0

π
sin k ( 2a ) = 0, k ( 2a ) = π , k =
2a
π
Substitute k, 2h = c sin ka yields 2h = c sin or c = 2h
2
π
Then y2 = 2h sin x
2a
To calculate the area of shaded surface, a differential strip parallel to the
y axis is chosen to be dA.
 π  h 
dA = ( y2 − y1 ) dx =  2h sin x −  − x + 2h   dx
 2a  a 
 PROBLEMS 9.19 AND 9.20 CONTINUED

2a  π h 
A = ∫ dA = ∫0  2h sin x − 2hx + x  dx
 2a a 
2a
 4a π x2 
= h  − cos x − 2x + 
 π 2a 2a  a

 4a π ( 2a )2 
= h  − cos 2a − 2 ( 2a ) +
 π 2a 2a 


 4a π a2 
− h  − cos a − 2 ( a ) + 
 π 2a 2a 

 4a   a  4 1
= h − 4a + 2a  − h  −2a +  = ah  − 
 π   2 π 2
A = 0.77324ah
2a
PROBLEM 9.19 Moment of inertia I x = ∫a dI x

where dI x =
3
(
1 3
y2 − y13 dx )
1  h  
3 3
π  
Now dI x =  2h sin x  −  2h − x   dx
3  2a   a  

1 3 3 π x 
3
3
= 8h sin x − h  2 −   dx
3  2a  a  

3
8h3 2a 3 π h3 2 a  x
Then Ix = ∫−a
sin xdx − ∫a 
2 −  dx
3 2a 3  a

3 π π 2  π
Now ∫ sin 2a xdx = ∫ sin 2a x 1 − cos 2a x  dx
 
 π   π π 
= ∫  sin x  dx − ∫  sin x cos 2 x dx
 2a   2a 2a 
2a π 2a π
= − cos x+ cos3 x
π 2a 3π 2a
2a
2a  π  2a  π 1 π 
Then ∫a 
sin 3 x dx = − cos x − cos3 x
 2  π  2a 3 2a  a

2a  1  4a
=−  −1 +  =
π  3  3π
 PROBLEMS 9.19 AND 9.20 CONTINUED
2a
3 4
2a x a x
And ∫a 
−  dx = −  2 − 
2
 a  4  a 
a

4 4
a 2a  a a a
= − 2 −  + 2 −  =
4 a  4 a 4

8h3  4a  h3  a  h3a  32 1 
Then Ix =  −  =  − 
3  3π  3  4  3  3π 4 

I x = 1.0484ah3

Ix 1.0484ah3
and kx = = = 1.1644h
A 0.77324ah

k x = 1.164h
PROBLEM 9.20
I y = ∫ dI y

dI y = x 2dA dA = ( y2 − y1 ) dx

h π
From Problem 9.19 y1 = 2h − x y2 = 2h sin x
a 2a
 π  x3  
Now dI y =  2hx 2 sin x − h  2 x 2 −   dx
 2a  a  

2a 2a  πx x3 
Then I y = ∫a dI y = h ∫a  2 x 2 sin − 2x2 +  dx
 2a a 

Now using integration by parts

π
u = x2 dv = sin xdx
2a
2a π
du = 2 xdx v=− cos x
π 2a

2 π 2 2a π  2a π
Then ∫ x sin 2a xdx = x  − π cos 2a x  − ∫  − π cos 2a x  2 xdx
   
 PROBLEM 9.20 CONTINUED

π
Now let u = x dv = cos xdx
2a
2a π
du = dx v= sin x
π 2a

2 π 2a 2 π  4a  2a  π 
2a π 
Then ∫ x sin 2a xdx = − π x cos 2a x + π  x  π sin 2a x  − ∫  π sin 2a x  dx 
     
2a
 2a 2 π 8a 2 π 4a 2 2a π  1 3 1 4
Finally, I y = 2h  − x cos x + 2 x sin x+ 2 cos x − x + x 
 π 2a π 2a π π 2a  3 8a 
a

 2a 16a3 ( 2a )
3
1 8a 2 a3 a 4 
= 2h  ( 2a ) − 3 − ( 2a )4 − 2 a + −  = 1.5231a3h
2
+
 π π 3 8a π 3 8a 


I y = 1.523a3h

Iy 1.5231a3h
and k y2 = = = 1.4035a 2
A 0.77324

k y = 1.404a