DESIGN OF FLYOVER BRIDGE





GUIDED BY PREPARED BY

Mr. AUSTIN T SABU ALVIN ISAC SEASTIAN

ASST. PROFESSOR GOKUL RG NAIR
DEPT. OF CE HARRY MATEWS
JIBIN SHAJIMON

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 PROPOSAL OF FLYOVER JUNCTION AT CHANGANACHERRY BYPASS JUNCTION

OBJECTIVES
• To reduce travel time, delay is caused due to the excess of traffic in the are for
which the roads are not designed for.

• To minimize congestion on roads, since the roads merge at a junction chances

of frequent congestion occurs, which gets reduced by the adoption of a flyover.

• To reduce accidents arising day by day.

• When widening of roads cannot be done, the area is owned by private owners
so accessing those lands are not economical by the government.

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NEED AND SCOPE

• Traffic on roads are increasing day by day.

• Huge traffic delay is caused at some intersections.

• Widening of roads cannot be done at some intersections due to lack of

space constraints.

• Then the only option is to go for third dimension that is done through
flyover construction.

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METHODOLOGY

• Data collection regarding the traffic.

• To analyze the existing traffic conditions, that is passenger car unit.

• Modeling of flyover bridge.

• Design and Analysis done by Etabs.

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INTRODUCTION

• Flyover is a bridge constructed at an intersection to allow free flow of

traffic.

• The main road which is having high traffic is made to pass at a high
level by a bridge, and other traffic will pass underneath the bridge.

• Thus traffic passes at two different levels, therefore does not cause any
delay and leaves no chance for an accident.

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YEAR AUTHOR OBSERVATIONS

Studied the necessity of building a flyover bridge over
railway crossing at Vijalpore road, Navsari,Gujarat and
2015 Kuldeep B. Patel et.al studied the materials that are required for the construction and
And about the reinforcements and earthquake resistance to
the flyover.
Studied the traffic performance analysis of u turn and flyover
2015 Hanafiah et.al u turn scenario at Soekarno Hatta Road,Indonesia since the
vehicles have to face a decrease in speed for taking the u turn
Studied that by providing a flyover bridge in place the traffic
volume of 30-35 % will be diverted to flyover bridge, and
2015 Narabodi Salatoom et.al time delay can be reduced by 30% and by providing round
turnings vehicle can change the direction without changing its
maneuvering speed.

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YEAR AUTHOR OBSERVATIONS

Studied the traffic flow through the existing flyover of Telugu
2018 K. Sreenivas et.al Thali flyover at Vishakapattanam and came up with the
modification to increase the usage of flyover.
Studied the necessity of a flyover bridge in Trichy(Tamil
Nadu).They studied the existing buildings nearby ,
2017 Jose Ravindraraj.B et.al
soil,evaluation of flyover and came to a conclusion of the
proposal of cloverleaf interchange for the existing traffic.
They studied the need of a flyover in Rajkot city and came up
2016 Praful A. Shinkar et.al with a design by calculating the cost of the design depending
upon the present traffic at the location.

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 DEPT.OF CIVIL ENGG./SJCET,PALAI

DEPT.OF CIVIL ENGG./SJCET,PALAI Proposed location of the flyover

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Fig 1: site map of the flyover
PROPOSAL OF FLYOVER JUNCTION AT CHANGANACHERRY BYPASS JUNCTION

Fig 2: SATELLITE IMAGE OF THE JUNCTION

PROPOSED SITE

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Table 1: 23 JANUARY 2019 (WEDNESDAY) (ALL VALUES IN pcu)

Time Bicycle 2-Wheelers 3-Wheelers LMV Bus/Truck Total PCU

7:00-8:00 AM 20 847 536 1232 317 2592

8:00-9:00 AM 10 1257 1194 2632 434 5527

9:00-10:00 AM 12 1343 1278 2838 430 5901

10:00-11:00 AM 8 983 1019 2372 393 4775

11:00-12:00 PM 2 846 836 1960 385 4029

12:00-1:00 PM 3 760 780 1876 374 3793

1:00-2:00 PM 2 673 740 1818 322 3594

2:00-3:00 PM 4 829 862 1737 354 3786

3:00-4:00 PM 11 984 988 1924 402 4309

4:00-5:00 PM 13 1300 999 2124 417 4853

5:00-6:00 PM 15 1213 846 2094 398 4566

6:00-7:00 PM 22 1138 744 1838 376 4118

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Table 2: 24 JANUARY 2019 (THURSDAY). ( ALL VALUES IN pcu)

Time Bicycle 2-Wheelers 3-Wheelers LMV Bus/Truck Total PCU

7:00 – 8:00 AM 13 923 463 1278 394 3071

8:00 -9:00 AM 12 1324 1174 2784 398 5692

9:00–10:00 AM 14 1484 1258 2774 418 5948

10:00-11:00 AM 8 1127 804 2618 431 4988

11:00-12:00 PM 3 776 638 2034 378 3829

12:00-1:00 PM 1 674 73 1553 375 3376

1:00-2:00 PM 2 783 654 1734 363 3536

2:00-3:00 PM 3 588 689 1842 370 3537

3:00-4:00 PM 7 1134 988 2283 410 4822

4:00-5:00 PM 15 1438 1237 2386 425 5501

5:00-6:00 PM 16 1374 615 1838 384 4227

6:00-7:00 PM 21 1237 643 1804 350 4055

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Table 3: 25 JANUARY 2019 (FRIDAY). (ALL VALUES IN pcU)

Time Bicycle 2-Wheelers 3-Wheelers LMV Bus/Truck Total PCU
7:00-8:00 AM 15 981 432 1358 392 3178

8:00-9:00 AM 11 1306 1256 2674 404 5651

9:00-10:00 AM 13 1422 1384 2836 416 6071

10:00-11:00 AM 7 1231 992 2514 452 5196

11:00-12:00 PM 2 716 510 1948 392 3568

12:00-1:00 PM 1 562 637 1673 372 3245

1:00-2:00 PM 2 637 663 1830 329 3461

2:00-3:00 PM 2 584 639 1938 381 3544

3:00-4:00 PM 7 974 935 2345 412 4673

4:00-5:00 PM 13 1357 992 2198 427 4987

5:00-6:00 PM 15 1438 794 1987 389 4623

6:00-7:00 PM 18 1132 536 1865 356 3907

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Table 4: vehicle number to pcu conversion factors

CATEGORY PCU VALUES

CYCLE 0.2

TWO WHEELER 0.5

THREE WHEELER 0.8

FOUR WHEELER 1

BUS/TRUCK 3.5

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GRAPH SHOWING VARIATION IN TRAFFIC
7000

5250

3500

1750

pcu/hour 0
7:00-8:00 9:00-10:00 11:00-12:00 1:00-2:00 3:00-4:00 5:00-6:00
Time Duration

23/01/2019 24/01/2019 25/01/2019

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 QUESTIONNAIRE

• We have done a questionnaire and asked the frames questions to 40 people

and their suggestions were recorded and is show in pie chart given below
along with the questions

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 PROPOSAL OF FLYOVER JUNCTION AT CHANGANACHERRY BYPASS JUNCTION

1.What type of transportation do you use the most?

a) Four-Wheeler

b) Two-Wheeler

c) Public Transport
two wheeler
20%
four wheeler
38%

public transport
42%

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2. How often do you travel on this road on a daily basis

a)1 time

b) 2 times
more than 2 times
13%

c) more than 2 times

1 time
33%

2 times
55%

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3. What do you think about the current traffic conditions on this road?

a) Excellent

b) Average

c) Poor average
poor
43%
48%

excellent
10%

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4. Are you concerned about the road safety issues on this road?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Don’t know
yes
30%
dont know
55%
no
15%

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5. What do you think about the accident rate on this road?

a) High
b) Moderate
c) Low
low
15% high
30%

moderate
55%

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 PROPOSAL OF FLYOVER JUNCTION AT CHANGANACHERRY BYPASS JUNCTION

6. What type of modification do you prefer over this road?

a) Flyover
b) Modified traffic signal
modified signals
c) No modifications required 25%

flyover no Change
65% 10%

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 PROPOSAL OF FLYOVER JUNCTION AT CHANGANACHERRY BYPASS JUNCTION

7. Will flyover type of modification be effective?

a) Yes
b) No dont know
13%
c) Dont know no
8%

yes
80%

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 PROPOSAL OF FLYOVER JUNCTION AT CHANGANACHERRY BYPASS JUNCTION

8. Will it stabilize the traffic conditions in this road?

a) Yes
b) No no
5%
c) Don’t know
dont know
20%

yes
75%

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 PROPOSAL OF FLYOVER JUNCTION AT CHANGANACHERRY BYPASS JUNCTION

SOIL TEST FOR THE AREA

• We have collected the Standard Penetration values of a nearby site which is within
1km radius.

• We have driven piles at 60 different spots in that location.

• Average of all the hard Stratum value is adopted.

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SOIL SAMPLE SITE

PROPOSED SITE FOR

FLYOVER
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SOIL TEST FOR THE AREA(cont…)

The details are as follows:

Fig 3: soil test details 26

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 Table 5: Details of soil investigation of the area
TYPE OF PILE PILE LENGTH OF PILE TYPE OF PILE PILE LENGTH OF PILE
ø50 P1 7.8 ø60 P31 7.8
ø50 P2 7.75 ø50 P32 8
ø50 P3 7 ø60 P33 7.7
ø50 P4 7.5 ø60 P34 8.5
ø50 P5 7 ø50 P35 8.3
ø50 P6 6.5 ø50 P36 8
ø50 P7 5.9 ø50 P37 7.1
ø50 P8 6.1 ø50 P38 7.1
ø50 P9 6.1 ø50 P39 7.2
ø50 P10 8 ø50 P40 7.5
ø50 P11 7.6 ø50 P41 7.7
ø50 P12 6.9 ø50 P42 8
ø50 P13 8 ø50 P43 8.8
ø60 P14 7.8 ø50 P44 8.3
ø50 P15 7.2 ø50 P45 7.9
ø50 P16 6.8 ø50 P46 8.7
ø50 P17 7 ø50 P47 7.35
ø50 P18 6.4 ø50 P48 7.2
ø50 P19 8 ø50 P49 7.1
ø50 P20 8.15 ø50 P50 7.8
ø50 P21 8 ø50 P51 8.5
ø50 P22 7 ø60 P52 8
ø50 P23 8 ø50 P53 7.9
ø50 P24 8.1 ø50 P54 8.1
ø50 P25 7.4 ø50 P55 9
ø50 P26 7.5 ø50 P56 8
ø50 P27 7.2 ø50 P57 7.4
ø50 P28 7.2 ø50 P58 7.4
ø50 P29 7.1 ø50 P59 7.6 27
ø50 P30 8.5 ø60 P60 7.8
PROPOSAL OF FLYOVER JUNCTION AT CHANGANACHERRY BYPASS JUNCTION

Fig4:PRESENT PROJECT LOCATION

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Fig 5: PROPOSED PROJECT DESIGN

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Fig 6: ROAD DIMENSION DETAIL

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CONCRETE USING FOR CONSTRUCTION

• According to IRC 21-2000 (Table 5)

• The characteristic strength of concrete used for the deck will be of M40 since the
deck will be exposed to sun all the time and because the deck is planned to be of
prestressed concrete.

• The characteristic strength of column is adopted to be M35 reinforced cement

concrete with severe exposure.

• Plain cement concrete is adopted to be of M30 concrete.

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STABILISING TECHNIQUE USED

The Stabilising technique that is used for this project is “ Elastomeric Bearing”.

• They are in the form of horizontal layers of natural or synthetic rubber sandwiched
between steel plates.

• The steel plates prevent the rubber layers from bulging and so bearing is able to
support high vertical loads only with small deformations.

• Plain elastomeric bearing provides flexibility but no significantnt damping and will
move under service roads

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Fig.7:Elastomeric Rubber Bearing

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Fig.8: Section of the bearing

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A modern form of elastomeric bearing is adopted for this flyover which is more efficient
than normal concept of leastmeric bearing.

LEAD RUBBER BEARING

• It consist of a lead core which provides more rigidity under service loads and energy
dissipation under high lateral loads.

• A lead-rubber bearing is formed on a lead plug forcibly fitted into a preformed hole in a
elastomeric

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• When subjected to low lateral loads ( such as minor earthquake) the lead rubber
bearing is stiff both laterally and vertically.

• The entire bearing is encored in cover rubber to provide environmental protection.

Fig.9: Lead rubber bearing

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• Lead rubber bearing is soft laterally but very stiff vertically, hence used for load
distribution and dissipation effectively for sefrvice loads in bridges and flyover.

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PROJECT SCHEDULE
AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR

SELECTION OF TOPIC

LITERATURE REVIEW

SELECTION OF
SOFTWARE
DATA COLLECTION

ANALYSIS OF DATA AND

DESIGN
FINAL REPORT AND
PAPER PRESENTATION
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REFERENCE

1. N.Subramanian, Design of Steel Structures, Oxford

University Press, 2008, pp. 929 – 966

2. Dr. Ramchandra Virendra Gehlot, Design Of Steel

3.IRC: 6-2010 Standard Specifications and Code of Practice

for Road Bridges Section: II Load stresses,Indian Road Congress, 2010

4. IRC 21-2000 standard specification and code of practice.

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THANK YOU

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