Railwaytrackbyadenpku6!2!11 140214094631 Phpapp01
Railwaytrackbyadenpku6!2!11 140214094631 Phpapp01
Railwaytrackbyadenpku6!2!11 140214094631 Phpapp01
Load Transfer
Important Functions of Ballast
To transfer and distribute the load form sleepers to a
larger area of formation.
12
rails
Sleepers
Ballast
Function Embankment
•Support & guide vehicles running on it 13
•Conventional Track
•Consists of two “Rails” located at a fixed distance apart
•Called “Gauge”
•The Gauge of a track is the distance between inner edges of the
heads of rails in track, measured at 16mm below the top surface
of the rail.
14
Rails
Rails are members of the track laid in two parallel lines to provide
on our continuous and land surface for the movement of
Trains.
Function of rails
15
16
Coning of wheels – The distance between the inside edges of
wheel flanges is generally kept less than the gauge. Gap is
about 38 mm on Either side. Normally the tyre is absolutely
ahead centre on the head of the rail, as the wheel is coned to
keep it in this central position automatically. These wheel are
coned at a slope
17
• Advantages of coning of the wheels are :-
1. To reduce the wheel and tear of wheel flange
and rails which due
• To rubbing action of flanges with inside to
cess of the rail head.
2. To provide a possibility of lateral movement.
Sleepers
Sleepers are transverse ties that are laid to support the rails. They
Have an important role in the track as they transmit the wheel load
From the rails to the ballast.
19
Sleeper Density
20
Concrete Sleeper
Pre-Stressed Concrete Sleeper (PSC)
21
REQUIREMENT OF SLEEPER
• IT SHOULD PROVIDE EASY MEANS OF MAINTAINABILITY
15 TONNE 15 TONNE
1750 MM
p
670MM
1040 MM 1040 MM
CONDITION NO. 2 WITH CENTRE BINDING
15 TONNE 15 TONNE
1750 MM
p’
p’
670MM
1040 MM 1040 MM
CONDITION NO. 3 : Lateral load
13 TONNE
7 TONNE
1750 MM
p
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
CONDITION 2
1.237
CONDITION 3
B.M.
1.277
CONDITION 1
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
• HOLD
– GAUGE
– LEVEL
– ALIGNMENT
37
FASTENINGS
• Fixing
arrangement for
Rails and
sleepers
• Various types
• Depending on
type of Rails &
Sleepers,
38
FASTENING
• UIC ORE DEFINITION
– FASTENINGS OR FASTENING DEVICES ARE DESIGNED AS
THAT ASSEMBLY OF PARTS , ENSURING THE CONNECTION
BETWEEN RAILS AND SLEEPERS OR RAIL BEARERS IN THE
CASE OF TRADITIONAL TRACK LAYING SYSTEM OR WITH
SUBSTRUCTURE IN CASE THE TRACK IS LAID DIRECTLY ON
THE STRUCTURES OR ON THE TUNNEL BASE.
FASTENING TYPES
• VARIOUS TYPES
–RAIL FREE
–RIGID
–ELASTIC
FASTENING (FORCES)
• FORCES IN TRACK
– DOWNWARD FORCES: SLEEPER UNDER
LOAD,THERE WILL BE A TENDENCY OF GAP
BETWEEN RAIL AND FASTENING - FASTENING
PREVENTS THIS
– UPWARD FORCES: LOAD AWAY FROM
SLEEPER, TRACK TENDS TO LIFT UPWARD,GAP
BETWEEN RAIL AND SLEEPER – FASTENING
PREVENT THIS
FASTENING (FORCES)
Weight of rail
Source of
Vibration
Vibration blocked by fastening
Rail spring
Fastening
LOAD ENERGY
ABSORBED
BALLAST 25%
FORMATION 15%
VOSSLOH FASTENING
Sleeper screw
in dowel Tension clamps
Guide plate
Rail Pad
COMPARISION BETWEEN ELASTIC
FASTENING
TYPE II (BOLTED FASTENER) TYPE III ( CAST IN ANCHORAGE
FASTENER)
THREADED ELEMENT APPLYING ANCHORAGE FIXED AT THE TIME
FORCE TO A SPRING STEEL OF CASTING
ELEMENT
THREADED ELEMENT IS --------
REMOVABLE
RUBBER PAD BETWEEN RAIL RUBBER PAD BETWEEN RAIL AND
AND SLEEPER SLEEPER
TOE LOAD GENERATED BY NO SUCH PROVISION
TIGHTENING NUT
ADJUSTABLE TOE LOAD FIXED TOE LOAD
ALLOWS REPLACEMENT OF CASTING ANCHORAGES CANNOT
ALL THE COMPONENTS IN THE BE RENEWED
EVENT OF DAMAGE
OILING OF THREADS ONCE IN 3 NO NEED.FIT AND FORGET TYPE
YEARS
REQUIREMENT OF TOE LOAD
LOADED
CONDITION
AXLELOAD
22 Tons
FREE
CONDITION
FREE
CONDITION
TOE LOAD
TOE LOAD 850-1100Kg
850-1100Kg
ERC
ERC
CORROSION
LINER
Torsional Force
INSERT
PSC
WHY GREASING?
CORROSION
• FUNCTIONS
– DAMPING OF HIGH FREQUENCY VIBRATIONS
– VIBRATIONALLY ISOLATE RAIL
– PREVENT GAP
THE MECHANISM FOR ACHIEVING THIS IS – MOLECULES
BROUGHT CLOSER UNDER FORCE, ENERGY DISSIPATION
WHEN FORCE IS REMOVED.
DAMPING IS BEST WHEN RESTRAINING FORCE IS
PREPORTIONAL TO AMPLITUDE OF VIBRATION.
RUBBER PAD
• THICKNESS 6 MM
LOAD DEFLECTION CHARACTERSTICS
25
SOLID PAD
20
PRESSURE ON RAIL(T)
15
GROOVED PAD
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
DEFLECTION 1/100 MM
RUBBER PAD
• MATERIAL
– NATURAL RUBBER
– RIBBED SMOKED SHEET
– BLEND OF STYRENE RUBBER/ POLY
BUTADIENE RUBBER
RUBBER PAD