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Awk Commands, Examples & Meaning

This document provides examples of using awk commands to extract and manipulate data from files. It demonstrates how to print specific fields from files, set output field separators, use BEGIN and END blocks, write awk programs in files, perform comparisons, sums, if/else conditions, for loops, and work with arrays. Some key examples include using awk to extract used space from df output, print selected columns from a file, count records matching a value, add file sizes, and sort array values.

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30 views4 pages

Awk Commands, Examples & Meaning

This document provides examples of using awk commands to extract and manipulate data from files. It demonstrates how to print specific fields from files, set output field separators, use BEGIN and END blocks, write awk programs in files, perform comparisons, sums, if/else conditions, for loops, and work with arrays. Some key examples include using awk to extract used space from df output, print selected columns from a file, count records matching a value, add file sizes, and sort array values.

Uploaded by

[email protected]
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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awk Commands, Examples & Meaning
awk Examples

1. Extract the used space ( fifth field in df output ) column by mount points using df output

localhost ~]$ df | awk ‘{print $3 }’


Used
10831280
0
252
1020
0
176
123767
51118256
66006

Similar operation to extract 1st and 4tgh column from a file called testfile containing following
lines
column1 column2 column3 column4
1111 2222 3333 4444
1111 2222 3333 4444
1111 2222 3333 4444

localhost ~]$ awk ‘{print $1,$4}’ testfile


column1 column4
1111 4444
1111 4444
1111 4444

Comma separating fields gives a default space between the output data fields. For large number
of fields a special awk variable, Output Field Separator, OFS is used . Default is a space and it
can be assign to any other value , such as a pipe symbol , | , in the example below.

localhost ~]$ awk ‘{OFS=”|” ; print $3,$4}’ testfile


column3|column4
3333|4444
3333|4444
3333|4444

awk BEGIN and END statement


Multi-line program uses BEGIN and END statements to execute statements once at the
beginging and at the end.
basic construction is :
BEGIN <statment>
<processing statments >
END <statment>

Example:

localhost ~]$ awk ‘BEGIN { print “Count Records ” }


/4444/ { ++num }
END { print “Recs ” num }’ testfile
Count Records
Recs 3

awk program File

awk programs can be written and invoked from a file by providing awk interpreter location in
the first liner ,
Syntax :
$awk -f <program file> <datafile>
Create a awk program test file, chkrec as below.

#! /bin/awk -f
BEGIN { print “Count Records ” }
/4444/ { ++num }
END { print “Recs ” num }
Execute file with -f option
localhost ~]$ awk -f chkrec testfile
Count Records
Recs 3
or make it executable & directly execute with data file as argument
localhost ~]$ chmod 755 chkrec
localhost ~]$ ./chkrec testfile
Count Records
Recs 3

Awk Example programs

1. Compare values

print Available Use% Mounted columns if used percentage is more than 60%

localhost ~]$ df| awk ‘$5 > “60” { print $4,$5,$6}’


Available Use% Mounted
4522188 92% /home
32298 68% /boot/efi

2.awk Sum operations

Add file sizes for selective files, /var/log/yum* and total sum is printed , column from each line
is added in variable n and total is printed with END statement.

localhost ~]$ ls -l /var/log/yum* | awk ‘{ n += $5 }


END { print “Total bytes = “, n }’
Total bytes = 63665

3. awk if else conditions

Check available space , print ok in front of the output if less than 60% and Problem if more than
60%

$df | awk ‘{ if ($5 > 60) print “Problem “$0


else
print “ok “, $0
};’
Problem Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
ok /dev/mapper/fedora-root 51475068 10831316 38005928 23% /
ok devtmpfs 1956180 0 1956180 0% /dev
ok tmpfs 1966388 252 1966136 1% /dev/shm
ok tmpfs 1966388 992 1965396 1% /run
ok tmpfs 1966388 0 1966388 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
ok tmpfs 1966388 176 1966212 1% /tmp
ok /dev/sda9 487652 123767 334189 28% /boot
Problem /dev/mapper/fedora-home 58642620 51118476 4522188 92% /home
Problem /dev/sda2 98304 66006 32298 68% /boot/efi

4.awk for loop

Print 1 to 5 numbers using a for loop by proving initial value , final value and increment
function.

localhost ~]$ awk ‘BEGIN { for (i = 1; i <= 5; ++i) print i }’


1
2
3
4
5

5. awk Arrays , creating and sorting


Create a array by assigning values to array indexes :

A[“ZZ”] = “Last”
A[“DD”] = “Middle”
A[“AA”] = “First”

Sorting arrays

asorti – Array Sort by Indices


asort – Array Sort by value
asort(A)
A[“AA”] = “First”
A[“ZZ”] = “Last”
A[“DD”] = “Middle”
asorti – Array Sort by Indices
asprti(A)
A[“AA”] = “First”
A[“DD”] = “Middle”
A[“ZZ”] = “Last”

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