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Lecture1 DS Examples Trends in DS

A distributed system is one where hardware or software components located on networked computers communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages. Key issues in distributed systems include concurrency without a global clock, and independent failures. Examples include web search engines, massively multiplayer online games, and financial trading systems. Trends include pervasive networking, ubiquitous and mobile computing, distributed multimedia, and cloud computing. Distributed systems focus on sharing resources across a network.

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170 views19 pages

Lecture1 DS Examples Trends in DS

A distributed system is one where hardware or software components located on networked computers communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages. Key issues in distributed systems include concurrency without a global clock, and independent failures. Examples include web search engines, massively multiplayer online games, and financial trading systems. Trends include pervasive networking, ubiquitous and mobile computing, distributed multimedia, and cloud computing. Distributed systems focus on sharing resources across a network.

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Valar Mathy
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Distributed Systems

Y. V. Lokeswari AP / CSE

Reference: George Coulouris, Jean Dollimore and Tim


Kindberg, “Distributed Systems Concepts and Design”, Fifth
Edition, Pearson Education, 2012
Overview
• Introduction
• Examples of Distributed Systems
• Trends in Distributed Systems
• Focus on Resource sharing
Distributed Systems
• Distributed system is one in which hardware or
software components located at networked
computers communicate and coordinate their
actions only by passing messages.
• Issues in DS
– Concurrency
– No Global Clock
– Independent Failures
Distributed Systems Issues
• Concurrency
– Concurrent program execution is the norm
– Coordination of concurrently executing programs that share
resources is must.
• No global clock
– Co-ordination depends on time at which programs’ action occur.
– Limits to the accuracy with which the computers in a network can
synchronize their clocks.
– There is no single global notion of correct time.
Distributed Systems Issues
• Independent Failures
– Faults in the network result in the isolation of the computers (will
not stop running)
– failure of a computer, or the unexpected termination of a
program somewhere in the system (a crash), is not immediately
made known to the other components with which it
communicates.
Applications of DS
Finance and commerce eCommerce e.g. Amazon and eBay, PayPal,
online banking and trading
The information society Web information and search engines, ebooks,
Wikipedia; social networking: Facebook and
MySpace.
Creative industries and online gaming, music and film in the home,
entertainment user-generated content, e.g. YouTube, Flickr
Healthcare health informatics, on online patient records,
remote monitoring of patients
Education e-learning, virtual learning environments;
distance learning
Transport and logistics GPS in route finding systems, map services:
Google Maps, Google Earth
Science The Grid as an enabling technology for
collaboration between scientists
Environmental sensor technology to monitor earthquakes,
management floods or tsunamis
Examples of Distributed Systems
Web Search
• Task of a web search engine is to index the entire
contents of the World Wide Web.
• Web consists of over 63 billion pages and one trillion
unique web addresses.
• Google web search engine consists of the following.
– physical infrastructure
– distributed file system
– distributed storage system
– distributed locking and agreement;
– programming model (parallel and Distributed
computing)
Examples of Distributed Systems
Massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs)
• Sony’s EverQuest II and EVE Online from the Finnish
company CCP Games
• fast response times
• real-time propagation of events to many players and maintaining a
consistent view of the shared world.
• EVE Online, utilizes a client-server Architecture
• EverQuest adopts Distributed systems architecture
• Researchers look for peer- to - peer technology.
every participant contributes resources
(storage and processing) to accommodate the game.
Examples of Distributed Systems
Financial trading
• communication and processing of items of interest,
known as events in distributed systems.
Trends in Distributed Systems
• Pervasive networking technology.
• Ubiquitous and mobile computing.
• Distributed multimedia Systems.
• Distributed computing as a utility (Cloud)
Trends in Distributed Systems
• Pervasive networking technology.
Trends in Distributed Systems
• Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing
Trends in Distributed Systems
• Distributed Multimedia systems
– Images, Test messages
– Should be able to store and locate audio or video
files, to transmit them across the network.
– live or pre-recorded television broadcasts, access to
film libraries offering video-on-demand services.
– Access to music libraries, Audio & Video conferencing
– IP telephony.
• Webcasting is the ability to broadcast
continuous media, typically audio or video,
over the Internet.
• Example: Sykpe
Trends in Distributed Systems
• Distributed computing as a utility
– Physical resources such as storage and
processing can be made available to
networked computers, removing the need to
own such resources on their own.
– Software services can also be made available
across the global Internet.

• CLOUD Computing
Trends in Distributed Systems
• Cloud Computing
Focus on resource sharing
• Sharing data in the form of a shared database or a set of
web pages.
• Computer-supported cooperative working (CSCW)
– A group of users who cooperate directly share resources such
as documents in a small, closed group.
• Service : Manages a collection of related resources and
presents their functionality to users and applications
(File service - read, write, delete - operations on files)
Focus on resource sharing
• Server: A running program (a process) on a networked
computer that accepts requests from programs running
on other computers to perform a service
– Client – Server
– Client (active- making request)
– Server (Passive – Process request)
• Remote Invocation
• Distributed system written in OO- language
– Client object invoking a method upon server object.
Summary
• Introduction
• Examples of Distributed Systems
• Trends in Distributed Systems
• Focus on Resource sharing
THANK YOU

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