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LAB 1-Effect of Controller Gain

The document discusses four laboratory experiments on the effect of different controller gains on process response: 1. Increasing the proportional gain (P) value slowed the process response and increased stability, with a value of 0.4 reaching stabilization fastest. 2. Increasing the integral (I) value also slowed the process response but decreased oscillation, with a value of 0.001 stabilizing fastest. 3. Increasing the derivative (D) value decreased overshoot without affecting oscillation, but required larger values for more effect. 4. Increasing time delay (deadtime) slowed the process response, increased oscillation magnitude, and took longer for the process to reach the set point, with

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Nur Fadilah
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71 views8 pages

LAB 1-Effect of Controller Gain

The document discusses four laboratory experiments on the effect of different controller gains on process response: 1. Increasing the proportional gain (P) value slowed the process response and increased stability, with a value of 0.4 reaching stabilization fastest. 2. Increasing the integral (I) value also slowed the process response but decreased oscillation, with a value of 0.001 stabilizing fastest. 3. Increasing the derivative (D) value decreased overshoot without affecting oscillation, but required larger values for more effect. 4. Increasing time delay (deadtime) slowed the process response, increased oscillation magnitude, and took longer for the process to reach the set point, with

Uploaded by

Nur Fadilah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LAB 1- Effect Of Controller Gain

Figure 1: Effect of controller gain

Effect of Controller Proportional (P) Integral (I) Derivative (D)


Gain
Set 1 0.05 0.01 0
Set 2 0.004 0.01 0
Set 3 0.4 0.01 0
COMMENTS:

Figure 1 shows the combination of process response for varying proportional value. P is set up at
P=0.05, P = 0.004 and P = 0.4 for Set 1, Set 2 and Set 3, respectively. The maximum process
variable at P = 0.004 is 1.97%, compared to P = 0.05 and P = 0.4 where the process variable is at
1.6% and 1.1%, respectively. The proportional control applies to eliminate the error due to the
differences in magnitude between the set point and the process variable. From the graph, the
controller action becomes slower and slows down the process response when increasing the value
of P.

In addition, reducing the oscillates number, larger value of P ensures the stability of the process.
As seen figure, the process already reached stabilization at P = 0.4 which approximately time =
150 s, compared to P = 0.05 which reached stabilization at time = 500 but at P = 0.004, the process
takes time over 600 s to reached stabilization. This is because the lower value of P increases the
time taken process to reach the set point due to the controller action become faster and fasten the
process response. Many control system work well with P-controller, however this could bring to a
large offset, PID-controller brings a more precise and accurate determination of error and
corrective action.
LAB 2- EFFECT OF INTEGRAL TIME

Figure 2: Effect of integral time

Effect of Integral Time Proportional (P) Integral (I) Derivative (D)

Set 1 0.05 0.01 0


Set 2 0.05 0.001 0
Set 3 0.05 0.1 0
COMMENTS:

Figure 2 shows the combination of process response for varying integral value. I is set up at I=0.01,
I = 0.001 and I = 0.1 for Set 1, Set 2 and Set 3, respectively. The maximum process variable at I =
0.1 is 1.95%, compared to I = 0.01 and I = 0.001 where the process variable is at 1.6% and 1.3%,
respectively. The integral time eliminate the residual error after the proportional done its job. This
control has small offset and lead to slow response time, though it always returns to steady state.
From the graph, the controller action becomes slower and slows down the process response when
increases the value of I.

In addition, decrease the oscillates number, smaller value of I also ensures the stability of the
process. As seen shows, the process already reached stabilization at I = 0.001 which approximately
time = 350 s, compared to I = 0.01 which reached stabilization at time = 420 but at I = 0.1, the
process takes time over 600 s to reached stabilization. This is because the larger value of I increases
the time taken for the process to reach the set point due to the controller action become faster and
fasten the process response. Besides, the slow response is due to the error must have to accumulate
before any significant response can be detected from the output of the controller.
LAB 3- EFFECT OF DERIVATIVE TIME

Figure 3: Effect of Derivative Time

Effect of Derivative Proportional (P) Integral (I) Derivative (D)


Time
1 0.05 0.01 0
2 0.05 0.01 2.5
3 0.05 0.01 5
COMMENTS:

Figure 3 shows the combination of process response for varying derivative value. D is set up at
D= 0, D = 2.5 and D = 5 for Set 1, Set 2 and Set 3, respectively. The maximum process variable
at D = 0 is 1.6%, compared to D = 2.5 and D = 5 where the process variable is at 1.3. % and 1.2%,
respectively. The derivative control looks out at the rate of change of the process variable and
make corrective action to the output variable for any error. From the graph, the larger value of D
will decrease the overshoot of the graph but do not have any effect on the number of oscillated.
Thus, this control process is slow and taking longer time to be stabilization. The controller action
becomes faster and the process response becomes faster by increasing the derivatives value. The
derivative action only dampening the graph of the process response curve. In order to improve the
effects of this controller, larger value of D needed to be consider.
LAB 4- EFFECT OF DEADTIME

Figure 4: Effect of Deadtime

Effect of Deadtime Time Delay Proportional (P) Integral (I) Derivative (D)

1 5 0.2 0.01 0
2 7 0.2 0.01 0
3 9 0.2 0.01 0
COMMENTS:

Figure 4 shows the combine process response at varying Time Delay value of TD = 5, TD = 7 and
TD = 9 for Set 1, Set 2 and Set 3, respectively. The maximum process variable at TD = 5 is 1.5%,
compared to TD = 7 and TD = 9 where the process variable is at 1.8% and 2.2%, respectively.
Dead Time is the time at the first instance of change in measurement. The delay from when the
controller output signal is issued until the measured process variable first begins to respond. From
the graph, the value of time delay increases, the time taken for the process to reached the set point
increases. The number of oscillation decreases as the time delay decreases. The largest size of the
oscillate is TD = 9 as follows by TD = 7 and TD = 5, respectively. This is due to the longer time
taken for the response to reach half of its final value from the zero instant.

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