Number: Multiplication and Division with Reasoning

MULTIPLICATION & DIVISION FACTS

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6
count in multiples of twos, count in steps of 2, 3, and 5 count from 0 in multiples of count in multiples of 6, 7, 9, count forwards or backwards
fives and tens from 0, and in tens from any 4, 8, 50 and 100 25 and 1 000 in steps of powers of 10 for
(copied from Number and number, forward or (copied from Number and (copied from Number and any given number up to
Place Value) backward Place Value) Place Value) 1 000 000
(copied from Number and (copied from Number and
Place Value) Place Value)
recall and use recall and use recall multiplication and
multiplication and division multiplication and division division facts for
facts for the 2, 5 and 10 facts for the 3, 4 and 8 multiplication tables up to
multiplication tables, multiplication tables 12 × 12
including recognising odd
and even numbers
Missing numbers Missing numbers Missing numbers
10 = 5 x 24 = x Missing numbers Missing numbers
What number could be Which pairs of numbers 72 = x 6 x 0.9 = x 0.03 2.4 ÷ 0.3 = x 1.25
written in the box? could be written in the Which pairs of numbers
boxes? could be written in the 6 x 0.04 = 0.008 x Which number could be
Making links boxes? Which numbers could be written in the box?
I have 30p in my pocket in Making links Cards come written in the boxes?
5p coins. How many coins in packs of 4. How many Making links Eggs are
do I have? packs do I need to buy to bought in boxes of 12. I Making links Apples Making links
get 32 cards? need 140 eggs; how many weigh about 170 g each.
boxes will I need to buy? How many apples would
you expect to get in a 2 kg
bag?

MENTAL CALCULATION
write and calculate use place value, known multiply and divide perform mental
mathematical statements and derived facts to numbers mentally calculations, including with
for multiplication and multiply and divide drawing upon known mixed operations and large
division using the mentally, including: facts numbers
multiplication tables that multiplying by 0 and 1;
they know, including for dividing by 1; multiplying
 Number: Multiplication and Division with Reasoning
two-digit numbers times together three numbers
one-digit numbers, using
mental and progressing to
formal written methods
(appears also in Written
Methods)
Use a fact Use a fact Use a fact Use a fact

20 x 3 = 60. 63 ÷ 9 = 7 3 x 75 = 225 12 x 1.1 = 13.2

Use this fact to work out Use this fact to work out Use this fact to work out Use this fact to work out
21 x 3 = 22 x 3 = 126 ÷ 9 = 450 ÷ 6 = 15.4 ÷ 1.1 =
23 x 3 = 24 x 3 = 252 ÷ 7 = 225 ÷ 0.6 = 27.5 ÷ 1.1 =

To multiply by 25 you
multiply by 100 and then
divide by 4. Use this
strategy to solve
48 x 25 78 x 25
4.6 x 25
show that multiplication recognise and use factor multiply and divide associate a fraction with
of two numbers can be pairs and commutativity whole numbers and division and calculate decimal
done in any order in mental calculations those involving decimals fraction equivalents (e.g.
(commutative) and (appears also in Properties by 10, 100 and 1000 0.375) for a simple fraction
3
of Numbers) (e.g. /8)
division of one number by
(copied from Fractions)
another cannot

Making links Making links Making links Making links Making links Making links
If one teddy has two
apples, how many apples Write the multiplication 4 × 6 = 24 How can you use factor 7 x 8 = 56 0.7 x 8 = 5.6
will three teddies have? number sentences to pairs to solve this How can you use this How can you use this fact
Here are 10 lego people If describe this array How does this fact help calculation? fact to solve these to solve these calculations?
2 people fit into the train X X X you to solve these 13 x 12 calculations? 0.7 x 0.08 =
carriage, how many X X X calculations? (13 x 3 x 4, 13 x 3 x 2 x 2, 0.7 x 0.8 = 0.56 ÷ 8 =
carriages do we need? What do you notice? 13 x 2 x 6) 5.6 ÷ 8 =
Number: Multiplication and Division with Reasoning
Write the division 40 x 6 =
sentences.
20 x 6 =

24 x 6 =
WRITTEN CALCULATION
calculate mathematical write and calculate multiply two-digit and multiply numbers up to 4 multiply multi-digit
statements for mathematical statements three-digit numbers by a digits by a one- or two- numbers up to 4 digits by a
multiplication and division for multiplication and one-digit number using digit number using a two-digit whole number
within the multiplication division using the formal written layout formal written method, using the formal written
tables and write them multiplication tables that including long method of long
using the multiplication they know, including for multiplication for two- multiplication
(×), division (÷) and equals two-digit numbers times digit numbers
(=) signs one-digit numbers, using
mental and progressing to
formal written methods
(appears also in Mental
Methods)
divide numbers up to 4 divide numbers up to 4-
digits by a one-digit digits by a two-digit whole
number using the formal number using the formal
written method of short written method of short
division and interpret division where appropriate
remainders for the context
appropriately for the
divide numbers up to 4
context
digits by a two-digit whole
number using the formal
written method of long
division, and interpret
remainders as whole
number remainders,
fractions, or by rounding,
as appropriate for the
context
use written division methods
 Number: Multiplication and Division with Reasoning
in cases where the answer has
up to two decimal places
(copied from Fractions
(including decimals))

Practical Prove It Prove It Prove It Prove It Prove It

If we put two pencils in Which four number What goes in the missing What goes in the missing What goes in the missing What goes in the missing
each pencil pot how many sentences link these box? box? box? box?
pencils will we need? numbers? 3, 5, 15? x ? ?
Prove it. 4 80 12 6 x 4 = 512 12 2 ÷ 6 = 212 18 4 ÷ 12 = 157
Prove it. Prove it.
14 4 ÷ 7 = 212 38 5 ÷ 18 = 212.5
How close can you get? How close can you get?
22 3 ÷ 7 = 321 r 6 33 2 ÷ 8 = 421.5
× X 7
Using the digits 3, 4 and 6 323 x 1 = 13243 38 x .7 = 178.6
Using the digits 2, 3 and 4 in the calculation above
in the calculation above how close can you get to Prove it. Prove it.
how close can you get to 4500? What is the largest
100? What is the largest product? What is the Can you find?
product? What is the smallest product? Can you find the smallest
smallest product? number that can be added
to or subtracted from 87.6
to make it exactly divisible
by 8/7/18?

PROPERTIES OF NUMBERS: MULTIPLES, FACTORS, PRIMES, SQUARE AND CUBE NUMBERS

recognise and use factor identify multiples and identify common factors,
pairs and commutativity factors, including finding common multiples and
in mental calculations all factor pairs of a prime numbers
(repeated) number, and common
factors of two numbers.
know and use the use common factors to
vocabulary of prime simplify fractions; use
numbers, prime factors common multiples to express
 Number: Multiplication and Division with Reasoning
and composite (non- fractions in the same
prime) numbers denomination
establish whether a (copied from Fractions)
number up to 100 is
prime and recall prime
numbers up to 19
recognise and use square calculate, estimate and
numbers and cube compare volume of cubes
numbers, and the and cuboids using standard
2 units, including centimetre
notation for squared ( ) 3
3 cubed (cm ) and cubic
and cubed ( ) 3
metres (m ), and extending
3
to other units such as mm
3
and km
(copied from Measures)
Spot the mistake True or false? True or false? Always, sometimes, Always, sometimes, Always, sometimes,
Use a puppet to count but never? never? never?
make some deliberate When you count up in All the numbers in the Is it always, sometimes or
mistakes. tens starting at 5 there two times table are even. Is it always, sometimes or never true that Is it always, sometimes or
will always be 5 units. never true that an even multiplying a number never true that dividing a
e.g. 2 4 5 6 There are no numbers in number that is divisible by always makes it bigger whole number by a half
10 9 8 6 the three times table that 3 is also divisible by 6. makes the answer twice
See if the pupils can spot are also in the two times Is it always, sometimes or as big.
the deliberate mistake table. Is it always, sometimes or never true that prime
and correct the puppet never true that the sum of numbers are odd. Is it always, sometimes or
four even numbers is never true that when you
divisible by 4. Is it always, sometimes square an even number,
or never true that when the result is divisible by 4
you multiply a whole
number by 9, the sum of Is it always, sometimes or
its digits is also a never true that multiples
multiple of 9 of 7 are 1 more or 1 less
than prime numbers.
Is it always, sometimes or
Number: Multiplication and Division with Reasoning
never true that a square
number has an even
number of factors.

ORDER OF OPERATIONS
use their knowledge of
the order of operations to
carry out calculations
involving the four
operations

Which is correct?
Which of these number
sentences is correct?
3 + 6 x 2 =15
6 x 5 – 7 x 4 = 92
8 x 20 ÷ 4 x 3 = 37

INVERSE OPERATIONS, ESTIMATING AND CHECKING ANSWERS

estimate the answer to a estimate and use inverse use estimation to check
calculation and use inverse operations to check answers answers to calculations
operations to check answers to a calculation and determine, in the
(copied from Addition and (copied from Addition and context of a problem,
Subtraction) Subtraction)
levels of accuracy
Use the inverse Use the inverse Use the inverse Use the inverse Use the inverse
Use the inverse to check if Use the inverse to check if Use the inverse to check if Use the inverse to check if Use the inverse to check if
the following calculations the following calculations the following calculations the following calculations the following calculations
are correct: are correct are correct: are correct: are correct:
12 ÷ 3 = 4 23 x 4 = 82 23 x 4 = 92 4321 x 12 = 51852 2346 x 46 = 332796
3 x 5 = 14 117 ÷ 9 = 14 117 ÷ 9 = 14 507 ÷ 9 = 4563 27.74 ÷ 19 = 1.46
 Number: Multiplication and Division with Reasoning
Size of an answer Size of an answer Size of an answer Size of an answer
Will the answer to the Will the answer to the The product of a two digit The product of a single
following calculations be following calculations be and three digit number is digit number and a
greater or less than 80 greater or less than 300 approximately 6500. number with two decimal
23 x 3= 152 x 2= What could the numbers places is 21.34
32 x 3 = 78 x 3 = be? What could the numbers
42 x 3 = 87 x 3 = be?
36 x 2= 4 x 74 =

PROBLEM SOLVING
solve one-step problems solve problems involving solve problems, including solve problems involving solve problems involving solve problems involving
involving multiplication multiplication and missing number problems, multiplying and adding, multiplication and division addition, subtraction,
and division, by division, using materials, involving multiplication including using the including using their multiplication and division
calculating the answer arrays, repeated addition, and division, including distributive law to knowledge of factors and
using concrete objects, mental methods, and positive integer scaling multiply two digit multiples, squares and
pictorial representations multiplication and division problems and numbers by one digit, cubes
and arrays with the facts, including problems correspondence problems integer scaling problems solve problems involving
support of the teacher in contexts in which n objects are and harder addition, subtraction,
connected to m objects correspondence problems multiplication and division
such as n objects are and a combination of
connected to m objects these, including
understanding the
meaning of the equals
sign
solve problems involving solve problems involving
multiplication and similar shapes where the
division, including scaling scale factor is known or can
by simple fractions and be found
(copied from Ratio and
problems involving simple
Proportion)
rates