Scribd
Upload
51 views3 pages

Experiment No. 2 Specific Gravity Determination Objective(s)

This experiment aims to determine the specific gravity of fluids using a U-tube manometer. The experiment involves measuring the heights of water and test fluids in a U-tube manometer, then using the ratio of the heights to calculate the specific gravity using an equation. Trials were conducted using oil, kerosene, and diesel as test fluids. The specific gravities calculated from the trials were then averaged to determine the specific gravity of each fluid.

Uploaded by

Roselle Gene Celin Agpalo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
51 views3 pages

Experiment No. 2 Specific Gravity Determination Objective(s)

This experiment aims to determine the specific gravity of fluids using a U-tube manometer. The experiment involves measuring the heights of water and test fluids in a U-tube manometer, then using the ratio of the heights to calculate the specific gravity using an equation. Trials were conducted using oil, kerosene, and diesel as test fluids. The specific gravities calculated from the trials were then averaged to determine the specific gravity of each fluid.

Uploaded by

Roselle Gene Celin Agpalo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Experiment No.

2
SPECIFIC GRAVITY DETERMINATION
Objective(s):
This activity aims to determine the specific gravity of fluids using U-tube manometer.

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)


The student shall be able to:
1 .Determine the specific gravity of fluids using U-tube manometer
2 .Expand the knowledge on other uses of U-tube in other experiments. Apply the techniques
and skills using U-tube relevant to professional engineering practice.

Discussion:
Specific gravity of a fluid is the dimensionless ratio of specific weight Y or density P of a
fluid to the specific weight Ys or density Ps of the standard substance.
For liquids and solids, the standard substance is pure water at 4 C at which temperature,
its specific weight, Ys is equal to 9.81 kN/m3 and Ps is equal to 1000kg/m3 are at their maximum
values.
With these constants, equation 1.1 may be used to compute the specific weight and density of
a fluid given its specific gravity S. For gases, the temperature and pressure has Ys=12.7 N/m3
and Ps=1.29 kg/m3.
The specific gravity should not be confused with the density since these are two
different properties of a substance, the first one being dimensionless and the second having the
dimension kg/m3 or gm/m3. In the SI units, however, these two are numerically equal if the
density is expressed in gm/m3. For example, water has specific gravity pf unity and density of 1
gm/m3.

Resources / Instruments Required:


 U-tube manometer
 Ruler
 Meter
 Glass funnel
 Rubber tubing
 Kerosene, Diesel, Oil
 Distilled water
 Erlenmeyer flask

Procedures:
1 .Pour a quantity of distilled water in the U-tube glass manometer.
2. Add a quantity of oil inside the U-tube glass manometer until it stands.
3. Measure the heights of water and oil inside the U-tube.
4. Using the formula derived below, determine the unknown specific gravity of your desired
liquid.
Points 1 and 2 are exposed to the atmosphere, therefore gage pressure is zero.
If fluid 1 has known specific gravity, then
𝑃1 − 𝑃𝑤 (1.1)
𝛾𝑙 ℎ𝑙 = 𝛾𝑤 ℎ𝑤 (1.2)
(SG) 𝛾𝑤 ℎ𝑙 = (1)𝛾𝑤 ℎ𝑤 (1.3)
ℎ𝑤
(SG) = (1) (1.4)
ℎ𝑙

5. Repeat procedures 1 to 4 with other liquids. For heavy liquids, use mercury as standard
liquid.

Data and Results:

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3


ℎ𝑤 (𝑐𝑚) ℎ𝑙 (𝑐𝑚) ℎ𝑤 (𝑐𝑚) ℎ𝑙 (𝑐𝑚) ℎ𝑤 (𝑐𝑚) ℎ𝑙 (𝑐𝑚)
Oil 7.4 cm 7.9 cm 11.2 cm 11.9 cm 15.1 cm 16.2 cm
Kerosene 5.6 cm 7.2 cm 7.3 cm 9.3 cm 9.1 cm 11.5 cm
Diesel 6.9 cm 8.3 cm 10.1 cm 12.2 cm 11.6 cm 14.1 cm

Computations:

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average


Oil 0.937 0.941 0.932 0.937
Kerosene 0.778 0.784 0.791 0.784
Diesel 0.831 0.827 0.823 0.827
Oil
ℎ𝑤 7.4
𝑆𝐺𝑙 = = = 0.937
ℎ𝑙 7.9

ℎ𝑤 11.2
𝑆𝐺2 = = = 0.941
ℎ𝑙 11.9

ℎ𝑤 15.1
𝑆𝐺3 = = = 0.932
ℎ𝑙 11.5

Kerosene
ℎ𝑤 5.6
𝑆𝐺𝑙 = = = 0.778
ℎ𝑙 7.2

ℎ𝑤 7.3
𝑆𝐺2 = = = 0.784
ℎ𝑙 9.3

ℎ𝑤 9.1
𝑆𝐺3 = = = 0.791
ℎ𝑙 16.2

Diesel
ℎ𝑤 6.9
𝑆𝐺𝑙 = = = 0.831
ℎ𝑙 8.3

ℎ𝑤 10.1
𝑆𝐺2 = = = 0.827
ℎ𝑙 12.2

ℎ𝑤 11.6
𝑆𝐺3 = = = 0.823
ℎ𝑙 14.1

𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 1+𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 2+𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 3


Average SG = 3
0.937+0.941+0.932
For Oil: Average 𝑆𝐺𝑜𝑖𝑙 = = 0.937
3
0.778+0.784+0.791
For Kerosene: Average 𝑆𝐺𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑒 = = 0.784
3
0.831+0.827+0.823
For Diesel: Average 𝑆𝐺𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑙 = = 0.827
3

You might also like