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Camponent 2: Inheritance Personality or Temperament

Temperament refers to individual differences that are present at birth, including traits like sociability, emotionality, activity level, and persistence. These traits are influenced by both genetics and environment. While temperament is fairly consistent over time, personality develops from both innate temperament and life experiences. Genetic testing can currently predict untreatable diseases but may eventually provide risk information for more preventable conditions. Informing people of genetic disease risks could motivate behavior changes to reduce risk, but changing behavior is difficult. Research is still needed to determine effective ways to communicate risk information and develop interventions to successfully change behaviors.

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48 views2 pages

Camponent 2: Inheritance Personality or Temperament

Temperament refers to individual differences that are present at birth, including traits like sociability, emotionality, activity level, and persistence. These traits are influenced by both genetics and environment. While temperament is fairly consistent over time, personality develops from both innate temperament and life experiences. Genetic testing can currently predict untreatable diseases but may eventually provide risk information for more preventable conditions. Informing people of genetic disease risks could motivate behavior changes to reduce risk, but changing behavior is difficult. Research is still needed to determine effective ways to communicate risk information and develop interventions to successfully change behaviors.

Uploaded by

thina
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CAMPONENT 2 : INHERITANCE PERSONALITY OR TEMPERAMENT

Temperament is about individual differences. It is very difficult and fuzzy concept. There is
very little agreement on the stability of temperament. Temperament is composed of the traits,
with which a person is born, which are genetic in nature. It differs from personality, which is a
combination of person’s temperament and life experiences.Temperament is “the stable
individual differences in quality and intensity of emotional reaction” and is present at birth
(Berk, 1998). Temperament includes behavioral traits such as sociability (outgoing or shy),
emotionality (easy-going or quick to react), activity level (high or low energy), attention level
(focused or easily distracted), and persistence (determined or easily discouraged). These
examples represent a spectrum of common characteristics, each of which may be advantageous
in certain circumstances. Temperament remains fairly consistent, particularly throughout
adulthood.

Environmental factors also play a role in temperament by influencing gene activity. In children
raised in an adverse environment (such as one of child abuse and violence), genes that increase
the risk of impulsive temperamental characteristics may be turned on (activated). However, a
child who grows up in a positive environment (for example a safe and loving home) may have
a calmer temperament, in part because a different set of genes is activated.
COMPONENT 3 : HEREDITARY DISEASE

Predictive genetic testing is currently used mainly for untreatable conditions, such as
Huntington's disease, or prenatal detection of serious genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis.
Prenatal tests are usually accompanied by an offer of termination of affected pregnancies.
Genes have now been isolated that are associated with potentially preventable diseases such as
heart disease and cancer and with increased risk from smoking and obesity. This has raised the
possibility of providing predictive information to many more people. Such information may
eventually reduce disease by facilitating the development of better targeted and more effective
treatment.

Informing people of their genetic susceptibility to disease may motivate them to change their
behaviour to reduce their risks. However, changing behaviour is often difficult. There are
limited evidence concerning behavioural responses to genetic information on risk. We use this
and the literature on behavioural change to consider if and how behaviour might be changed in
response to genetic information. Changing behaviour is difficult.Behavioural change is most
likely in motivated people who participate in effective interventions .Providing people with
genetic information on risk may not increase their motivation to change behaviour and in some
cases may decrease motivation Behavioural change may be more likely if people are persuaded
that changing their behaviour can reduce the risk of an adverse health outcome and they are
given access to evidence based interventions.Further research is needed to evaluate
programmes in which genetic risk information is given, including evaluation of different ways
of giving information.Effective interventions to change behaviour after provision of
information on risk need to be developed.

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