Experiment 1: Calibration of V-notch

Aim: Conduct the experiment to calibrate the given V-Notch.

Apparatus: V-notch (90º) fitted at the end of the approach channel, collecting tank, stop clock,
Point gauge.

Theory: A notch is a device used for measuring the rate of flow of a liquid through a small
channel or a tank. It may be defined as an opening in the side of a tank or a small channel in
such a way that the liquid surface in the tank or channel is below the top edge of the opening.

Procedure

1. Fix a V-notch at the end of approach channel with the sharp edge on the upstream side.
2. Fill the channel with water up to crest level and adjust the hook gauge reading to zero.
3. Adjust the flow by control valve till the head (H) over the sill of the notch remains
constant. Note down the final gauge reading with respect to water level.
4. The difference between two gauge readings gives head of water (H).
5. Collect the water flowing over the notch in a measuring tank.
6. Record the time (T) for a known rise (R) of water in the measuring tank.
7. Vary the water level in the approach channel in stages and record the series of readings
in each trial.

Observations and Calculations

Fig: V- Notch
I. Basic Constants

Area of measuring tank (A) = 0.075m2

Notch angle (θ) = 90º

Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 9.81 m/s2

II. Tabular Column

Coefficient
Sl Point Gauge Measuring Tank Time Notch Index
Qth Qa of
No Reading (m) Reading (m) (s) Constant 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝑸𝒂 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝑯 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝑲 Value
m3/s m3/s discharge
.
IR FR H IR FR R T Cd (K) n
1
2
3

III. Specimen Calculations: Trial 1

1. Head of water over the sill level (H) = FR- IR= -------- m
2. Theoretical discharge
8 𝜃 5
𝑄𝑡ℎ = √2𝑔 tan 𝐻 2
15 2
3. Rise of water in the measuring tank (R) = ------ m
4. Time taken for rise of water (T) = ------- s
5. Actual discharge
𝐴𝑋𝑅
𝑄𝑎 = m3/s
𝑇
𝑄𝑎
6. Coefficient of discharge 𝐶𝑑 =
𝑄𝑡ℎ
8 𝜃
7. Notch constant 𝐾 = 𝐶𝑑 15 √2𝑔 tan 2

8. Index value (η)

Q=KHn
LogQ = LogK + nLogH
 log 𝑄𝑎 − log 𝐾
n=
log 𝐻

Nature of Graph

When the Graph of logH v/s logQth is drawn it would be a straight line

Result

The Average value of coefficient of discharge obtained by i) Theoretical method (Cd) =

ii) graphical method (Cd) =

The Average value of Index value obtained by i) theoretical method (n) =

ii) graphical method (n) =

Discussion:

Reference:
 Experiment 2: Calibration of Rectangular and Cipolletti notch
Aim: To determine the co-efficient of discharge (Cd), notch constant (K) and index value (n) of
discharge equation for the given rectangular and cipolletti notch.

Apparatus: Rectangular notch plate, cipolletti notch plate fitted at the end of the approach
channel, collecting tank, stop clock, Point gauge, Caliper or a scale.

Theory: A notch is a device used for measuring the rate of flow of a liquid through a small
channel or a tank. It may be defined as an opening in the side of a tank or a small channel in
such a way that the liquid surface in the tank or channel is below the top edge of the opening.

Procedure
1. Fix a rectangular or cipolletti notch at the end of approach channel with the sharp edge
on the upstream side.
2. Fill the channel with water up to crest level and adjust the hook gauge reading to zero.
3. Adjust the flow by control valve till the head (H) over the sill of the notch remains
constant. Note down the final gauge reading with respect to water level.
4. The difference between two gauge readings gives head of water (H).
5. Collect the water flowing over the notch in a measuring tank.
6. Record the time (T) for a known rise (R) of water in the measuring tank.
7. Vary the water level in the approach channel in stages and record the series of readings
in each trial.

Observations and Calculations

1. Rectangular Notch

Fig: Rectangular Notch

I. Basic Constants
Area of measuring tank (A) = 0.075m2
Crest length (L) = 0.07m
Acceleration due to gravity (g) = 9.81 m/s2
II. Tabular Column

Coefficient
Point Gauge Measuring Tank Time Notch Index
Sl Qth Qa of
Reading (m) Reading (m) (s) Constant 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝑸𝒂 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝑯 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝑲 Value
No. discharge
IR FR H IR FR H T m3/s m3/s Cd (K) n
1
2
3

III. Specimen Calculations

1. Head of water over the sill level (H) = FR- IR= -------- m
2. Theoretical discharge
2 3
𝑄𝑡ℎ = √2𝑔 𝐿 𝐻 2
3
3. Rise of water in the measuring tank (R) = ------ m
4. Time taken for rise of water (T) = ------- s
5. Actual discharge
𝐴𝑋𝑅
𝑄𝑎 =
𝑇
𝑄𝑎
6. Coefficient of discharge 𝐶𝑑 =
𝑄𝑡ℎ
2
7. Notch constant 𝐾 = 𝐶𝑑 3 √2𝑔 𝐿

8. Index value (η)

log 𝑄𝑎 − log 𝐾
n=
log 𝐻
Nature of Graph

When the Graph of logH v/s logQthis drawn it would be a straight line
logQ = log Cd + n log H

Result

The Average value of coefficient of discharge obtained by theoretical method (Cd) =

The Coefficient of discharge obtained by graphical method (Cd) =

The Average value of Index value obtained by theoretical method (n) =

The Index value obtained by graphical method (n) =

2. Cipolletti Notch

Fig: Cipolletti Notch

I. Basic Constants
Area of measuring tank (A) = 0.075m2
Crest length (L) = 0.07m
Notch angle (θ) = 30º
II. Tabular Column

Coefficient
Point Gauge Measuring Tank Time Notch Index
Sl Qth Qa of
Reading (m) Reading (m) (s) Constant 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝑸𝒂 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝑯 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝑲 Value
No. discharge
IR FR H IR FR H T m3/s m3/s Cd (K) n
1

III. Specimen Calculations

1. Head of water over the sill level (H) = FR- IR= -------- m
2. Theoretical discharge
3 8 𝜃 2
𝑄𝑡ℎ = √2𝑔𝐻 2 [ tan 𝐻 + 𝐿]
15 2 3
3. Rise of water in the measuring tank (R) = ------ m
4. Time taken for rise of water (T) = ------- s
5. Actual discharge
𝐴𝑋𝑅
𝑄𝑎 =
𝑇
𝑄𝑎
6. Coefficient of discharge 𝐶𝑑 =
𝑄𝑡ℎ
8 𝜃 2
7. Notch constant 𝐾 = 𝐶𝑑 √2𝑔 [15 tan 2 𝐻 + 3 𝐿]

8. Index value (η)

 log 𝑄𝑎 − log 𝐾
n=
log 𝐻
Nature of Graph

When the Graph of logH v/s logQthis drawn it would be a straight line
logQ = log Cd + n log H

Result

The Average value of coefficient of discharge obtained by theoretical method (C d) =

The Coefficient of discharge obtained by graphical method (Cd) =

The Average value of Index value obtained by theoretical method (n) =

The Index value obtained by graphical method (n) =

Discussion:

Reference: