OBJECTIVE:

TO EXPERIMENTALLY EXAMINE AN RC ACTIVE FILTER.

PRELAB:
1. Calculate the cutoff frequency of the filter in Figure 4.1.
2. What is the roll-off rate in dB/decade?
3. For an input signal of 1Vpeak-peak what is the output signal at cut-off frequency and at 15-
KHz?
4. Repeat steps 1 to 3 for Figure 4.2
5. Obtain frequency domain SPICE simulation for both circuits.

THEORY:
An active filter is a type of analog circuit implementing an electronic filter using active
components, typically an amplifier. Amplifiers included in a filter design can be used to improve
the cost, performance and predictability of a filter. Active Filters contain active components such
as operational amplifiers, transistors or FET’s within their circuit design. They draw their power
from an external power source and use it to boost or amplify the output signal. Filter amplification
can also be used to either shape or alter the frequency response of the filter circuit by producing a
more selective output response, making the output bandwidth of the filter narrower or even wider.
Then the main difference between a “passive filter” and an “active filter” is amplification.

FIGURE 1: ACTIVE LOW PASS FILTER

PROCEDURE:
Construct circuit in Figure 4.1. Use + 12V supplies for op amps. Experimentally verify frequency
response of circuit. Adjust input amplitude for an output signal of 10Vpeak-peak at 100KHz.
Complete the table 4.1 by adjusting the frequency of the generator to the values shown. Be sure to
monitor the input to make sure it maintains constant amplitude.
1) SIMULATION FIGURE 4.1 FOR HIGH PASS FILTER:
SECOND ORDER HIGH PASS CIRCUIT
FREQ SWEEP 1HZ - 100KHZ

5.6k VDD

7
U2
3 5

V+
+ OS2
0.022uF 0.022uF VOUT_HP
6
5.6k OUT
VIN_HP 2 1

V-
- OS1 10k
uA741
VSS

4
5.6k

10k 0

FIGURE 4.1

TABLE 4.1-HIGH PASS FILTER

FREQUENCY 𝑽𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝑽𝒐𝒖𝒕/𝑽𝒊𝒏 (𝒅𝑩)

100Hz 1.5V 1.761
250Hz 1.5V 1.761
500Hz 1.5V 1.761
750Hz 1.5V 1.761
1KHz 1.5V 1.761
2.5KHz 1.5V 1.761
5KHz 1.4V 2.922
7.5KHz 1V 0
10KHz 0.7V -3.098
25KHz 120mV -18.425
50KHz 30mV -30.457
75KHz 10mV -40
100KHz 9mV -40.915
 CALCULATION FOR HIGH PASS FILTER:

a) According to formula of cut-off frequency

1
𝑓𝑐 =
2𝜋𝑅𝐶
For R= 5.6k; C=0.022uF;
𝑓𝑐 = 1.29 𝑘𝐻𝑧

b) As system is 2ND order low pass filter so Roll over rate will be approximately 40-
db/Decay.

c) For an input signal of 1Vpeak-peak what is the output signal at cut-off frequency and at 15-
KHz?

For 1Vpeak-peak at 1.29-KHz cut off frequency output signal = 1.2V

For 1Vpeak-peak at 15-KHz cut off frequency output signal = 1.5V

HIGH PASS FILTER FREQUENCY RESPONSE & AC ANALSIS

PROCEDURE FOR LOW PASS FILTER:
A Construct circuit in Figure 4.2.Adjust input amplitude for output signal of 10Vpeak-peak at 100Hz.
complete table 4.2 by adjusting frequency of generator to values shown. Be sure to monitor input
to make sure it maintains constant amplitude.
2) SIMULATION FIGURE 4.2 FOR LOW PASS FILTER:

SECOND ORDER LOW PASS CIRCUIT

FREQ SWEEP 1HZ - 100KHZ

0.01uF
VDD

7
U1
3 5

V+
+ OS2
2.2k 2.2k 6 VOUT_LP
0.01uF OUT
VIN_LP 2 1

V-
- OS1
uA741 VSS 10k

4
5.6k

10k 0

FIGURE 4.2

TABLE 4.2-LOW PASS FILTER

FREQUENCY 𝑽𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝑽𝒐𝒖𝒕/𝑽𝒊𝒏 (𝒅𝑩)

100Hz 19mV -34.424

250Hz 30V -30.457
500Hz 120mV -18.416
750Hz 0.7mV -3.098
1KHz 1V 0
2.5KHz 1.5V 3.5218

5KHz 1.5V 3.5218

7.5KHz 1.5V 3.5218

 10KHz 1.5V 3.5218

25KHz 1.5V 3.5218

50KHz 1.5V 3.5218

75KHz 1.5V 3.5218

100KHz 1.5V 3.5218

Calculation:

d) According to formula of cut-off frequency

1
𝑓𝑐 =
2𝜋𝑅𝐶
For R= 2.2k; C=0.01uF;
𝑓𝑐 = 7.2𝑘𝐻𝑧

e) As system is 2ND order low pass filter so Roll over rate will be approximately 40-
db/Decay.

f) For an input signal of 1Vpeak-peak what is the output signal at cut-off frequency and at 15-
KHz?

For 1Vpeak-peak at 7.2-KHz cut off frequency output signal = 1.2V

For 1Vpeak-peak at 15-KHz cut off frequency output signal = 370mV

LOW PASS FILTER FREQUENCY RESPONSE & AC ANALSIS

 HIGH PASS FILTER FREQ RESPONSE
50

-0

-50
HIGH FREQ GAIN=3.83DB CUT OFF FREQ=1.3K

-100

-150
1.0Hz 3.0Hz 10Hz 30Hz 100Hz 300Hz 1.0KHz 3.0KHz 10KHz 30KHz 100KHz
DB(M(V(VOUT_HP)/V1(VIN_HP)))
Frequency

LOW PASS FILTER FREQ RESPONSE

20

-0

LOW FREQ GAIN=3.83DB CUT OFF FREQ=8.4KHZ

-20

-40

-60
1.0Hz 3.0Hz 10Hz 30Hz 100Hz 300Hz 1.0KHz 3.0KHz 10KHz 30KHz 100KHz
DB(M(V(VOUT_LP))/V1(VIN_LP))
Frequency

FREQUENCY SWEAP ANALSIS FOR HIGH PASS FILTER

CONCLUSION:
By performing this experiment I learned about basic of filters low pass & high pass filter. As
Low pass filter used overcome high frequencies noise where as high pass filter high frequency
component to destination. I successfully calculated cutoff frequency, roll of rate & find match
results theoretically as well as practically.