EASA module 4 Electronic Fundamentals

A zener diode is used for

a) rectification
Ans b) voltage stabilization
c) modulation
*
A multi-layer PCB has
Ans a) one layer on either side
b) two or more layers on one or both sides
c) two or more layers connected in series
*
When a servomotor overshoots after a step input and oscillates it is
a) over damped
Ans b) under damped
c) critically damped
*
The rotor of a desynn indicator is
a) an electromagnet
Ans b) a permanent magnet
c) an AC magnet
*
The position feedback from a potentiometer is
Ans a) anti-phase
b) in phase
c) 90 degrees out of phase
*
A differential synchro has
Ans a) 3 phase stator, 3 phase rotor
b) single phase stator, 2 phase rotor
c) 3 phase stator, single phase rotor
*
When a servomotor has stopped, the rate feedback from a tachogenerator is
Ans a) zero
b) maximum and in phase
c) maximum and anti-phase
*
A tachogenerator is usually used for
Ans a) rate feedback
b) angular feedback
c) position feedback
*
What is this circuit?
Ans a) Half wave rectifier
b) Full wave rectifier
c) Flywheel diode
*
Differential synchros have
a) a transmitter only
b) a receiver only
Ans c) a transmitter and a receiver
*
In an integrated circuit, the components are mounted
a) by means of wires connecting them
Ans b) by metal oxide film
c) by metal screws
*
This symbol is
Ans a) a diode
b) a triac
c) a transistor
*
One characteristic of the emitter follower is
Ans a) low resistance output
b) low current amplification
c) high voltage amplification

An amplifier can provide both voltage gain and current gain when it is connected in the
a) common base configuration
Ans b) common emitter configuration
c) common collector configuration
*
How do you increase voltage gain of an amplifier?
a) decrease base circuit bias
Ans b) decrease input resistance
c) increase input resistance
*
In a resolver synchro the stator windings are electrically displaced by
Ans a) 90o
b) 120o
c) 180o
*
A servo system may include a brake, an automatic trim system is one example where a brake is used. The brake is
a) applied during trimming to prevent oscillations about the demand position
Ans b) applied when trimming is complete to prevent stabilizer creep
c) applied during trimming to prevent servo runaway
*
What gives the colour of an LED?
a) The plastic it is encased in
Ans b) The active element
c) The type of gas used inside it
*
A germanium diode is used for
Ans a) rectification
b) voltage stabilization
c) modulation
*
Why is a diode put in parallel with an LED?
Ans a) to protect it from AC
b) So it will work only above a certain voltage
c) So it will work only below a certain voltage
*
When testing the forward bias of a diode with a multimeter
a) the positive lead of the ohmeter is placed on the cathode
Ans b) the positive lead of the ohmeter is placed on the anode
c) it does not matter which terminal the positive lead of the ohmeter is placed
*
In an NPN transistor the P is the
a) collector
Ans b) base
c) emitter
*
The output of a tachogenerator is
Ans a) proportional to speed of rotation
b) proportional to position
c) proportional to acceleration
*
AC power is supplied to
a) torque receiver only
b) torque transmitter only
Ans c) both the torque receiver and torque transmitter
*
This is a diagram of
a) a TRIAC
Ans b) an SCR
c) a Schottky diode
*
How is a PCB protected after manufacture?
a) With non-conductive varnish
b) With wax
Ans c) By conformal coating
*
A differential synchro
a) can only be used as a transmitter
b) can only be used as a receiver
Ans c) can be used as either a transmitter or a receiver
*
Which of the following describes the characteristics of a Thyristor?
a) High voltage handling
Ans b) High current handling
c) High power handling
*
A semiconductor doped with an element having a valency of 5 will produce
Ans a) an N type material
b) a P type material
c) either an N type or a P type depending on what type of semiconductor material is used
*
What are the ideal characteristics of an Op Amp?
a) Infinite gain, infinite input Impedance and infinite output impedance
b) Low gain, infinite input Impedance and zero output impedance
Ans c) Infinite gain, infinite input Impedance and zero output impedance
*
How is the amplifier in the diagram shown wired?
a) Common base
Ans b) Common emitter
c) Common collector
*
What gate does the following Boolean expression represent
F = A.B.C
Ans a) AND
b) OR
c) NOT
*
What gate does the following Boolean expression represent
F = A+B+C
a) NOT
b) NOR
Ans c) OR
*
To decrease the voltage gain of a common emitter amplifier you would decrease the resistance in the
a) base circuit
Ans b) collector circuit
c) emitter circuit
*
A resolver has
Ans a) 2 coils on the rotor and 2 coils on the stator
b) 3 coils on the rotor and 2 coils on the stator
c) 2 coils on the rotor and 3 coils on the stator
*
The 'null' point on a control synchro is when the two rotors are
Ans a) at 90o to each other
b) parallel to each other
c) wired in series
*
A FET when compared to a junction transistor is
a) low impedance
Ans b) high impedance
c) current operated
*
What type of diode would be used to stop voltage spikes across a coil of a relay?
a) Gunn diode
b) Schottky diode
Ans c) Double acting diode
*
A silicon diode, when compared to a germanium diode has
Ans a) a higher forward bias voltage
b) less forward bias voltage
c) the same forward bias voltage
*
The position feedback signal is
a) in phase with the input demand signal
Ans b) in anti-phase with the demand signal
c) phase advanced by 90o with respect to the input signal
*
A servo system that overshoots and oscillates is
Ans a) under damped
b) over damped
c) critically damped
*
The power supply to a torque synchro system is connected to
a) the transmitter stator
b) the transmitter rotor only
Ans c) the transmitter and receiver rotors
*
If the rotor of the receiver in a torque synchro system was prevented from aligning with the transmitter rotor, then
a) the transmitter rotor will turn to align with the receiver rotor
b) the receiver will overheat
Ans c) a high current will flow in the stator windings
*
This is a diagram of a
a) differentiator
Ans b) integrator
c) adder
*
A zener diode
Ans a) stabilizes voltage at a predetermined level
b) allows current to flow in one direction
c) acts like a switch
*
The common collector amplifier is sometimes called the emitter follower circuit because
a) the emitter current follows the collector current
Ans b) the emitter voltage follows the base voltage
c) the emitter voltage follows the collector voltage
*
In a toroidal resistance transmitter indicator system, the power supply is connected to
Ans a) the brushes
b) the resistor slab
c) the rotor
*
When a servo has reached its null and stopped, the velocity feedback is
Ans a) zero
b) maximum and anti-phase
c) maximum and in phase
*
The primary purpose of rate feedback in a positional servo system is to
a) ensure minimum response time
Ans b) prevent excessive overshoot
c) ensure system linearity
*
In an AC rate servo, a steady input will result in the servomotor
a) oscillating about a new datum
Ans b) rotating at a constant speed
c) rotating to a new datum position
*
An E&I bar output at datum has
a) no induced voltage in the secondary windings
b) an imbalance of voltages in the secondary windings
Ans c) equal and opposite voltages induced in the secondary
*
A non-inverting op-amp
a) has a non-inverting input and an inverting output
b) has an inverting input and a non-inverting output
Ans c) a non-inverting input connection only
*
Amplifiers may be classified as
a) common emitter or common collector amplifiers
b) voltage amplifiers or impedance amplifiers
Ans c) voltage amplifiers or power amplifiers
*
What is a shottky diode used for?
Ans a) Very high frequency applications
b) Stabilsation
c) Rectification
*
The result of cross connecting two of the transmission leads in a torque synchro system and the turning the rotor of
the transmitter 60o clockwise would be
a) the receiver would move 60o clockwise
b) the receiver would move 120o anti-clockwise
Ans c) the receiver would move 60o anticlockwise
*
The control windings of a two phase servomotor is supplied with AC voltage of
a) constant amplitude
b) variable phase
Ans c) variable amplitude, variable phase
*
In a torque synchro that includes a differential synchro the power supply is connected to
a) the transmitter rotor only
Ans b) the transmitter and receiver rotors only
c) all three rotors
*
A differential synchro rotor has
Ans a) three windings
b) two windings
c) one winding
*
If the rotor of a control synchro sticks
a) the system hunts
Ans b) high current will flow
c) the position feedback will oscillate
*
with the reversal of the connections to the rotor of the transmitter of a torque synchro, the position of the receiver
rotor will be
a) unchanged
b) changed by 120o
Ans c) changed by 180o
*
The application of a 'stick-off' voltage to a control synchro servo system is
a) to overcome the effect of static friction
b) to overcome the effect of viscous friction
Ans c) to prevent alignment to a false null
*
When removing a microprocessor
a) no damage is done by static discharge
Ans b) considerable damage can be done by static discharge
c) ensure the power is OFF to avoid static discharge
*
If two of the stator leads are cross connected in a control synchro system, a 25o clockwise rotation of the input
rotor would result in the output rotor
a) moving 25o clockwise
Ans b) moving 25o anticlockwise
c) moving 180o to rectify the defect
*
Damping in a servomechanism is easier to apply if
Ans a) the mechanism is light and has low inertia
b) the mechanism is heavy and has high inertia
c) the mechanism is light and has high inertia
*
Reverse bias
a) lowers the potential barrier
Ans b) raises the potential barrier
c) greatly increases the majority carrier current
*
If the electrical connections to the feedback generator in a control synchro system were disconnected, the
a) motor would run in the wrong direction
b) input signal to the amplifier would reduce
Ans c) system would tend to oscillate
*
An increase in servo amplifier gain
a) reduces the speed of the system
Ans b) increases system response
c) reduces tendency to hunt
*
In a control synchro the stator current ceases to flow when the
a) CT rotor is at null
b) two rotors are aligned
Ans c) power is removed
*
The term 'velocity lag' refers to a
a) speed error
Ans b) position error
c) acceleration error
*
The rotor of an AC tachogenerator
a) has skewed slots
Ans b) has a copper, brass or aluminium cylinder
c) rotates at constant speed
*
A servo system with transient negative velocity feedback
Ans a) is damped with little velocity lag
b) is damped with high velocity lag
c) is underdamped with high velocity lag
*
To reverse the direction of rotation of a two phase induction motor
Ans a) reverse the polarity of the control phase
b) reverse the polarity of both the control phase and reference phase
c) shift the reference by 90o
*
In a rate servo (speed control) the signal into the servo amplifier is
a) input voltage plus tachogenerator output
Ans b) input voltage minus tachogenerator output
c) input voltage plus position feedback voltage
*
Loss of DC to a servo amplifier causes the motor to
a) run continuously
Ans b) stop
c) reverse
*
A reduction from the optimum setting of the velocity feedback in a servo loop could cause
a) low servo gain
Ans b) instability
c) slow response
*
In a torque synchro system, the power supply is connected to
a) the rotor windings of the transmitter only
Ans b) the rotor windings of both the transmitter and receiver
c) the stator windings of the transmitter
*
The phase difference between the supplies of a two phase induction motor is
a) 180o
Ans b) 90o
c) 0o
*
To reduce overshoot errors in a synchro
a) the system will have position feedback
Ans b) the system will have velocity feedback
c) the gain of the amplifier is increased
*
A synchro transformer is used to
Ans a) derive an error voltage from a synchro transmitter signal and a shaft position
b) obtain a 26 volt AC reference
c) add the output of two synchro transmitters
*
This is a diagram of a
Ans a) differentiator
b) integrator
c) adder
*
Reversal of the complete power to a torque synchro system will
Ans a) have no effect
b) cause reverse rotation of the receiver rotor
c) displace the receiver rotor by 180o
*
The power supply to a torque synchro system is
Ans a) AC
b) DC
c) AC or DC
*
This symbol is
a) an LED
b) a laser diode
Ans c) a photodiode
*
When a positive voltage is applied to the base of a normally biased n-p-n common emitter amplifier
a) the emitter current decreases
Ans b) the collector voltage goes less positive
c) the base current decreases
*
An amplifier current gain will be slightly less than 1, but its voltage gain will be high, if it is connected in the
Ans a) common base configuration
b) common emitter configuration
c) common collector configuration
*
An open loop system is one which has
Ans a) no direct feedback loop
b) rate feedback loop
c) position feedback only
*
Mechanical friction in a servo results in
a) reduced gain
Ans b) increased damping
c) increased inertia
*
Angular displacement of the control coils with respect to the reference coils in a two phase induction motor are
a) 0o, 180o
Ans b) 90o, 270o
c) 90o, 120o
*
A two phase induction motor used in a servomechanism
a) will always require a starter
Ans b) is self starting under light loads
c) runs with no slip
*
A servomotor having only a tachogenerator as a feedback device will
a) vary its speed with input error voltage
Ans b) have a constant speed for any given input voltage
c) null out at a position dependant upon input error voltage
*
A hysteresis servo motor is used in a servomechanism because
Ans a) it has good starting characteristics
b) good speed/voltage relationship
c) low inertia
*
The null position of a torque synchro system is when
Ans a) the TX and TR rotors are parallel to each other
b) the TX and TR rotors are 90o to each other
c) the TX and TR rotors are 120o to each other
*
Reversal of two of the stator connections on a torque synchro receiver would cause
a) the transmitter to become the receiver
b) the output to move the same direction as the input
Ans c) the output to move the reverse direction to the input
*
An AC tachogenerator stator has
a) two windings 180o apart
b) three windings 120o apart
Ans c) two windings 90o apart
*
A junction diode
Ans a) has one p-n junction
b) is similar to a vacuum diode but cannot rectify
c) can handle only very small currents
*
When the rotor of an AC tachogenerator is stationary, the rotor has
a) no circulating currents
Ans b) low circulating currents
c) no magnetic fields
*
The output of a tachogenerator should be
Ans a) sinusoidal
b) exponential
c) linear
*
With a constant input to a speed control servo, the servo motor
a) moves to a certain position
Ans b) moves at a constant speed
c) oscillates, but otherwise does not move
*
A closed loop servomechanism
a) must only have position feedback
b) must have both position and velocity feedback
Ans c) can have either position or velocity feedback
*
Critical damping in a servomechanism is
a) the point which allows just one overshoot before the load comes to rest
Ans b) the amount of damping that results in the load just not oscillating
c) the critical damping required for the optimum damping of the servomechanism
*
In a control synchro system the power supply is connected to the
Ans a) transmitter rotor and amplifier
b) receiver rotor and amplifier
c) transmitter and receiver rotors
*
Reverse rotation of a control transformer rotor can be caused by
Ans a) connections between the transformer rotor and the amplifier reversed
b) connections to the transmitter rotor reversed
c) short circuit between two transmission lines
*
Velocity feedback
Ans a) opposes the demand input
b) assists the demand input
c) prevents dead space errors
*
Velocity lag can be decreased by
a) introduction of an integrator
b) keeping the error detector (summing point) output as low as possible
Ans c) decreasing the coulomb friction in the system
*
The junction barrier offers opposition to only
a) holes in the p-region
b) free electrons in the n-region
Ans c) majority carriers in both regions
*
An increase in velocity feedback will
Ans a) decrease the speed the load moves
b) increase the speed the load moves
c) have no effect on speed
*
A two phase motor will stop when
a) the reference phase is reversed
b) the control phase is reversed
Ans c) the control phase is zero
*
A tachogenerator output is
a) variable frequency, constant voltage
Ans b) variable voltage, constant frequency
c) variable frequency, variable voltage
*
Rate feedback can be obtained from a
a) synchro
Ans b) tachogenerator
c) potentiometer
*
Positional feedback can be obtained from a
a) synchro
b) tachogenerator
Ans c) potentiometer
*
The frictional force in a servomechanism that is proportional to speed is called
a) stiction
b) coulomb friction
Ans c) viscous friction
*
The 'null' point in a control synchro is when the two rotors are
Ans a) at 90o to each other
b) parallel to each other
c) wired in

An LVDT has
Ans a) an output winding which is wound in series opposition
b) an input winding whose voltage will change with load movement
c) an output winding whose voltage and frequency is linear to load angular movement
*
A diode connected across a relay coil is used to
a) allow the coil to energize with only one polarity
b) cause a delay in switching on
Ans c) dissipate coil spikes on switch off
*
Differential transmitters are used to
a) add or subtract two electrical signals
Ans b) add or subtract a mechanical signal to an electrical synchro signal
c) increase the operating speed of the synchro receiver
*
To convert a differential synchro from subtraction to addition you would
a) reverse the reference phase supply
Ans b) change over two rotor and stator connections
c) change over all three stator windings
*
What is resistor R used for?
a) Amplification
b) Bias
Ans c) Stabilisation
*
When resolving a Cartesian input to a Polar output
a) the inputs are a shaft angle and a voltage
b) the outputs are two voltages
Ans c) the inputs are two voltages
*
To check the forward resistance of a diode with a multimeter, the lead connected to the positive terminal is put to
the
Ans a) anode
b) cathode
c) either anode or cathode
*
A resolver synchro output is obtained from a rotor with
a) one single coil
Ans b) two coils at 90o to each other
c) three coils at 120o to each other
*
The input and output signals of a common emitter amplifier are
a) equal
Ans b) out of phase
c) in phase
*
The output of a resolver synchro is
a) dependant upon the position of the rotor only
b) proportional to the speed of input rotation
Ans c) a function of the rotor position and excitation voltage
*
The rotor of an autosyn position indicating system is
a) a permanent magnet
Ans b) an electromagnet
c) spring controlled
*
A band pass filter excludes frequencies
a) above the frequency required only
b) below the frequency required only
Ans c) above and below the frequency required
*
A resolver synchro output is obtained from a rotor with
a) one single coil
b) three coils at 120o
Ans c) two coils at 90o
*
In a control synchro the stator current ceases to flow when
a) the CT rotor is at null
b) when the two rotors are aligned
Ans c) when power is removed
*
In a speed control servo system (rate control), the purpose of the tachogenerator is
a) to make the velocity proportional to servo demand
b) to make the deflection proportional to servo demand
Ans c) to make it run at constant speed
*
The result of reversing the rotor connections to the receiver of a torque synchro system is that the rotor position
a) is unchanged
b) is changed by 120o
Ans c) is changed by 180o
*
The rotor of a torque synchro indicator is
Ans a) supplied with an excitation voltage
b) short circuited
c) connected in series with the transmitter stator coil
*
When a hole diffuses from a p-region to the n-region it
a) becomes a minority carrier in the n-region
b) lowers the potential barrier
Ans c) raises the potential barrier
*
How are the pins numbered on an op-amp IC?
Ans a) counter clockwise from the dot
b) clockwise from the dot
c) from left to right from the dot
*
To increase the output of a servo amplifier, it is necessary to
Ans a) reduce the tacho feedback
b) increase the tacho feedback
c) increase the position feedback
*
In the following Boolean algebra statement, which gate is described?
F=A+B+C
Ans a) Or
b) Not
c) And
*
In an E and I signal generator at datum, the voltage on the secondary windings
Ans a) are equal and opposite
b) is maximum
c) is zero
*
In a synchro resolver, the stator coils are at what angle in relation to one another?
a) 45 degrees
b) 80 degrees
Ans c) 90 degrees
*
In a synchrotel, the
a) rotor is fixed and the stator moves
b) rotor and stator is fixed
Ans c) stator is fixed and the rotor moves
*
On a PCB, a decoupling capacitor is used to get rid of transient currents between which points?
a) The electronic circuit and the aircraft ground
Ans b) Interspaced along the circuit
c) The negative rail and the rest of the circuit
*
What does the circuit shown below do?
a) Full wave rectifier
b) Voltage doubler
Ans c) Half wave rectifier
*
In an LED, what is used to make the colour?
Ans a) the doping material
b) The electrons
c) The plastic lens cover
*
An atom with 5 electrons in its outer shell is part of
Ans a) an N type material
b) a P type material
c) a C type material
*
In a FET, the junction connections are called
Ans a) drain, source and gate
b) base, collector and emitter
c) drain, collector and junctions
*
Avalanche breakdown occurs when
a) forward current becomes excessive
b) forward bias exceeds a certain value
Ans c) reverse bias exceeds a certain value
*
An AC servo demand can be converted to drive a DC motor by the introduction of a
a) rectifier
b) modulator
Ans c) demodulator
*
Synchro indicator systems are used when the indication is required to move
a) a fraction of the input distance
b) slower than the input rate
Ans c) at the same rate as the input
*
A linear variable differential transformer is used to measure position feedback where
a) 360o of rotation and high angular accuracy is required
b) accuracy is of limited importance but robust construction and reliability is important
Ans c) an output whose phase is related to direction of movement and amplitude linear over a wide range
*
A low frequency sinusoidal input will cause a closed loop servomechanism load to
Ans a) move to a demand position with no overshoot
b) move backwards and forwards at the input frequency
c) move to the demand position and then return to the datum position without any overshoot
*
To reduce oscillations about a demand position
a) the amount of velocity feedback would be decreased
Ans b) the amount of velocity feedback would be increased
c) the amount of position feedback would be increased
*
If a servo amplifier is suffering from drift
Ans a) the load would move to a new position, proportional to the drift and stay there
b) the load would move to a new position, proportional to the drift and then return back to the datum position
c) the load would oscillate about the datum position
*
In a transient velocity feedback circuit, the tachogenerator output is summated with the demand voltage
a) only when the load is slowing down
b) at all times when the load is moving
Ans c) only when the load is speeding up or slowing down
*
Positive feedback applied to a servomechanism
a) decreases the response of the system
b) opposes the demand signal
Ans c) increases the response of the system
*
A differential synchro rotor consists of
a) one winding parallel to the transmitter rotor
b) two windings at 90o apart
Ans c) three windings at 120o apart
*
A differential synchro transmitter used for addition has
a) the TDX S1 and S3 connections cross connected to the TX
b) the TDX S1 and S3 connections cross connected to the TR
Ans c) the TDX R1, R3 and S1, S3 connections cross connected to the TX
*
If forward bias is increased from zero on a p-n junction, a rapid increase in current flow for a relatively small
increase in voltage occurs
Ans a) only after the forward bias exceeds the potential barrier
b) when the flow of minority carriers is sufficient to cause an avalanche breakdown
c) when the depletion layer becomes larger than the space charge are