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History Project: World War - 1

The document provides a detailed overview of World War 1, including its causes, key events and timeline from 1914-1918, and consequences. It notes that the war began after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and involved all major world powers divided into two alliances. Major battles included the Marne, Somme and Verdun. Germany formally surrendered in 1918 and the Treaty of Versailles ended the war, imposing punitive terms on Germany. The war had enormous human and economic costs and redrew the map of Europe.

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140 views36 pages

History Project: World War - 1

The document provides a detailed overview of World War 1, including its causes, key events and timeline from 1914-1918, and consequences. It notes that the war began after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and involved all major world powers divided into two alliances. Major battles included the Marne, Somme and Verdun. Germany formally surrendered in 1918 and the Treaty of Versailles ended the war, imposing punitive terms on Germany. The war had enormous human and economic costs and redrew the map of Europe.

Uploaded by

Viki Hbk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HISTORY

PROJECT
World war - 1

Project by:Vignesh Madhavan


INTRODUCTION
World war 1(WW1) was a global
war centered in Europe that began
on 28 July 1914 and lasted until
11 November 1918.it involved all
the worlds great powers, which
were assembled in two opposing
alliances:the allies(based on the
Triple Entente of the United
Kingdom, France and Russia) and
the Central Powers (originally the
Triple Alliance of Germany,
Austria-Hungary and Italy; but, as
Austria-Hungary had taken the
offensive against the agreement,
Italy did not enter into the war).
These alliances both re-organised
(Italy fought for the Allies) and
expanded as more nations entered
the war.
CAUSES OF THE
FIRST WORLD
WAR
 For Speciality:
On June 28, 1914 Austrian
prince named Francis
Ferdinand was killed in
Sarajevo, Bosnia. The killer
is Gabriee Princip, a
member of the Serbian
secret police. Austria sent
an ultimatum to Serbia
with humiliating
terms.when Serbia ignored
it Austria resorted in war.
Austria declared war on
Serbia on July 28, 1914.
Followed by Germany
declared war on August 1,
1914 and France against
Germany on August 3,
1914, and England against
Germany on 4 August
1914.

2
Common causes:
1.Conflicts between states:
a.The contradiction between the
Uk and Germany due to economic
competition, the armed forces,
and the seizure of the colony.
b.Disagreement between France
and Germany as a result of
revenge idea (Vengeance) since
Germany defeated France in
1870.
c. Russian opposition to
Germany : caused by Germany’s
unwillingness to help the

3
development of Russia. And
Germany’s support to Turkey
while Turkey is an enemy to
obstruct Russia. Finally Russia
joined in war against Germany.
2. European countries established:
a.Triple Alliance (Driebund)
consisting of Germany, Italy, and
Austria. All three countries were
called as Central powers , As they
are located in the center of
Europe.
c.Triple Entente consisting of
Britain, France and Russia.

4
3.Arms race due to the
development and progress of
science and technology.
the FOUR main causes of World
War I is to remember the acronym
M – A – I – N. (M = Militarism,
A = Alliances, I = Imperialism,
and N = Nationalism.)
MILITARISM was one of the
four major causes of the war. It
was an “arms race.” Because
Britain had a large navy, Germany
wanted a large navy too.

5
PROGRESS OF THE
WAR(TIME LINE)
1914
June 28th Archduke
Franz Ferdinand
assassinated in Sarajevo
July 5th Kaiser William
II promised German
support for Austria against
Serbia
July 28th Austria
declared war on Serbia

6
August 1st Germany
declared war on Russia
August 3rd Germany
declared war on France
and invaded Belgium.
Germany had to implement
the Schlieffen Plan.
August 4th Britain
declared war on Germany
August 23rd The BEF
started its retreat from
Mons. Germany invaded
France.

7
August 26th Russian
army defeated at
Tannenburg and Masurian
Lakes.
September 6th Battle
of the Marne started
October 18th First
Battle of Ypres
October 29th Turkey
entered the war on
Germany’s side. Trench
warfare started to
dominate the Western
Front.
8
1915
January 19th The first
Zeppelin raid on Britain
took place
February 19th Britain
bombarded Turkish forts in
the Dardanelles
April 25th Allied troops
landed in Gallipoli
May 7th The “Lusitania”
was sunk by a German U-
boat

9
May 23rd Italy declared
war on Germany and
Austria
August 5th The
Germans captured Warsaw
from the Russians
September 25th Start of
the Battle of Loos
December 19th The
Allies started the
evacuation of Gallipoli

1916

10
January 27th
Conscription introduced
in Britain
February 21st Start of
the Battle of Verdun
April 29th British forces
surrendered to Turkish
forces at Kut in
Mesopotamia
May 31st Battle of
Jutland
June 4th Start of the
Brusilov Offensive

11
July 1st Start of the
Battle of the Somme
August 10th End of the
Brusilov Offensive
September 15th First
use en masse of tanks at
the Somme
December 7th Lloyd
George becomes British
Prime Minister

1917

12
February 1st Germany’s
unrestricted submarine
warfare campaign started
April 6th USA declared
war on Germany
April 16th France
launched an unsuccessful
offensive on the Western
Front
July 31st Start of the
Third Battle at Ypres
October 24th Battle of
Caporetto – the Italian
Army was heavily defeated
13
November 6thBritain
launched a major offensive
on the Western Front
November 20th British
tanks won a victory at
Cambrai
December 5th Armistice
between Germany and
Russia signed
December 9th Britain
captured Jerusalem from
the Turks

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1918
March 3rd The Treaty
of Brest-Litovsk was signed
between Russia and
Germany.
March 21st Germany
broke through on the
Somme
March 29th Marshall
Foch was appointed Allied
Commander on the
Western Front

15
April 9th Germany
started an offensive in
Flanders
July 15th Second Battle
of the Marne started. The
start of the collapse of the
German army
August 8th The advance
of the Allies was successful
September 19th Turkish
forces collapsed at
Megiddo

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October 4thGermany
asked the Allies for an
armistice
October 29th Germany’s
navy mutinied
October 30th Turkey
made peace
November 3rdAustria
made peace
November 9thKaiser
William II abdicated
November 11th
Germany signed an

17
armistice with the Allies –
the official date of the end
of World War One.

Post-war – 1919

January 4th Peace


conference met at Paris
June 21st The
surrendered German naval
fleet at Scapa Flow was
scuttled.

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June 28th The Treaty
of Versailles was signed by
the Germans.

Hhhh

19
HYPOTHESIS
“the war to end all
wars”. I think it was
thought that “The Great
War would settle all
conflicts between
countries for the
foreseeable future.
Instead it spawned
another world war.And
the impacts of the war.

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OUTCOME OF THE
FIRST WORLD
WAR
Germany had formally
surrendered on November
11, 1918, and all nations
had agreed to stop fighting
while the terms of peace
were negotiated. On June
28, 1919, Germany and

21
the Allied Nations
(including Britain, France,
Italy and Russia) signed
the Treaty of Versailles,
formally ending the war.

22
IMPACTS OF THE
FIRST WORLD
WAR ON
GERMANY
According to the treaty, Germany
was blamed solely for the
destruction and it was made to
pay for the loss. Germany lost
13% of its land and 6 million

23
people. It has to cede the
following territories to different
nations/organisation as specified.

Loss of Kingdom

Alsace and Lorraine to France


Eupen-Malmedy to Belgium
North Schleswig to Denmark
Posen and West Prussia to Poland
Upper Silesia to Poland

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Saar and Danzig area to the
league of Nations
The city of Memel to Lithuania, a
new Baltic state
All overseas colonies to the
league of Nations
Restriction on Military

The German army was


withdrawn from Rhineland; it was
kept under Allied power for 15
years.

25
Germany had to keep only
100,000 soldiers. New
recruitment was restricted.
Germany was not allowed to keep
more than 24 warships.
It was prohibited from
manufacturing warships, tanks
and aeroplanes.
Compensation

Germany had to pay gold and


other things worth 660 million
pounds for reparation.

26
Coal production area of Saar was
given to France for 15 years.

CONCLUSION
Consequences of the war:
Loss of Life:

World War I was a large-scale


war and first of its kind.
Advanced warfare techniques
used in the war which caused
horrible loss of lives and

27
properties. More than 8 million
people were killed, 6 million were
badly injured and 13 million
people received minor injuries.

Loss of Property:

About 36 nations were involved


in the war. According to great
economists, the total direct cost of
war stood at about $186 billion. A
huge amount of property, difficult
to exactly estimate, was
destroyed.

28
End of Despotic Rule:

The Czar rule of Russia came to


an end. Similarly monarchy was
exterminated in Germany,
Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and
Turkey.

Rise of Republic:

Republican system of
administration became popular in
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Europe. Russia, Germany, Poland,
Austria, Lithuania, Latvia,
Finland, Czechoslovakia and
Ukraine became republic.

National Independence:

The Treaty of Versailles accepted


the victory of nationality. So that
new nations like Czechoslovakia,
Albania, Poland etc. emerged.

Shift of the World Power:

30
Big empires like Austria-Hungary
and Ottoman Empires were
destroyed. America became the
centre of politics, military and
finance.

Development of Technology:

Poisonous gases and medicines


were invented. Ships, planes,
submarines, etc. were widely used
in wars.
31
Establishment of the League of
Nation:

For world peace and security


organization named the League of
Nations was established which
was the first international
organization of the world. The
assembly, the council and the
permanent court of justice were
its organs.

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