Research Dossier Introduction

“Clinical Efficacy”

It is a priority to have the appropriate data collection method, appropriate data collection

instruments, and appropriate data within healthcare to follow the standard for clinical reliability,

accuracy, and validity. I wanted to learn how these keywords are involved in clinical research

while trying to understand a conclusion of a standard of what the best way to gather and interpret

information that has been established by my major while also taking a look into any new

developments that is being newly introduced. Within healthcare most if not all procedures have a

distinct protocol that was formulated from early research to narrow down how to perform to the

best aptitude. Clinical agenda and procedure includes a compound of medical elements such as

knowledge of prescriptions, drugs/medicine, and instruments assisted in protocol. All guidelines

and accuracy of instruments and procedures are made from intensive research from years of

shared information from education, shared research, and shared experiences. Within the last 30

years researchers have introduced progress in biomedical research development enhancing the

forms of clinical procedures that are current and for those to come in the future. Before new

technology is introduced it goes through in-depth analysis to determine how does it impact the

healthcare community and the standard within the community is always involve in discourse and

discussed in debates in topics by the top researchers and doctors of the world. Sometimes the

new instrument or medicine could improve success but it is also personal preference made by the

nurse, doctor, physician, or etc. of the tool to use. There are many options to take that a doctor

and patient may decide to partake in but it is a personal decision that can vary. The discourse

within the community is great at evaluating work, research, protocol, and instruments.
 I became interested in my research topic to understand the nursing major in a greater

depth since I noticed that there are a vast amount of new information that is influencing clinical

data I began to wonder how much data validity, accuracy, and reliability is affected. According

to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, validity is the quality or state of being valid, well- grounded,

sound, or correct. Valid information is crucial to clinical information and patient health to

introduce the right course of action for future precautions. The Merriam-Webster dictionary also

defines accuracy as the freedom from mistake or error. It is difficult to have clinical tests with a

100% guarantee that the information is free of any errors. Errors could come from the from the

patients behalf due to inexact or faulty information given about their symptoms report or from

the choice of technology or method that was used to gather clinical data. Reliability defined by

Merriam-Webster dictionary states that it involves the quality or state of being reliable, the

extent to which an experiment, test, or measuring procedure yields the same results on the

repeated trials. This is very important to have a standard in the clinical field and to also have

valuable consistent results.

The information that I gathered form my sources helped me understand the involvement

of validity, reliability, and accuracy in research by describing and recognizing factors in trials. I

learned from my sources the standard within my major involving research and collecting

information. I do have a road block of finding information that does not involve research

information on my topic that does not involve information only to a medical point of view. I get

a bit of information that is based off of the psychology perspective but this present another

perspective from my sources that is helpful to provide more information for me from different a

point of view. I believe that this psychology data is comparable to the data based on clinical

purposes and would help my own research to have more support. From my sources, I have
learned that there has been multiple shifts within data collection involving the tools to use and

the protocol to follow. Antonia Vlahou and Manousos Makridakis wrote a detail edition of

Springer Protocols titled “Clinical Proteomics” which includes the standards of healthcare

protocol. The textbook provides vast details on sample collection, technologies for discovery and

validation, and extracting biological relevant biomarkers and proceeding with implementation.

The book was published in 2018 and is filled with 278 pages of context to base clinical research

and data. Vlahou and Manousos composed a great edition that includes ways to improve clinical

impurities and how to heed within the community under a standard.

Within the article “Critical appraisal and selection of data collection instruments: A step-

by-step guide” by Roehrs, C. and Wilson, V. (2016) presented by Sciedpress, is an abstract from

the “Journal of Nursing Education and Practice and the online article provides information for

nurse researchers to improve valid data through the idea of using accurate instruments to collect

data. The article has a comprehensive check list to assist readers to swiftly and appropriately

apprise quantitative research collection instruments. The article’s main goal is to aid nurse

researchers to objectively discuss, weigh information, and make scholar conclusions. The excerpt

principles of the step-by-step list that involves Critical Appraisal and Selection of Data

Collection Instruments are established from the tenets of the measurement theory, literature, and

experience of the included authors involved with the schooling/education and

experience/practice research. The article communicates in great detail of conducting quantitative

research. I agree with the article statement of how “each data collection tool selected should

undergo a comprehensive critical appraisal to assess not only the characteristics of reliability and

validity, but to also assess the congruence of the measurement method with the research purpose,

question(s), hypotheses, design, study population, study setting, conceptual and operational
definitions of the planned study variables and the over-all measurement plans.” These two

sources have provided me with general information that I am using as my main base for

information. My other sources are to support the claims made from these two sources due to the

lack of new information and fixed topics.

The article “4. The Development of Clinical Procedures” presented by author Annetine C.

Gelijins within the main written piece “Technogical Innovtion: Comparing Development of

Drugs, Devices, and Procedures in Medicine provides useful information highlighting the

development process of clinical procedures. The article present a formal tone of research

information describing the growth of clinical efficacy and presenting an argument of the ability

of research. Gelijin presents the contrasting idea that physicians that are treating patients may

face the difficulty of interest involving the therapeutic and analysis role of the physician. The

author states that Swazey and Fox, who are fellow writers of the edition, examined that

physicians involved in both experiment and treatment face stress and “The strains that they

experience are intensified by their typically close and continuous relations witht the patients who

are also their subjects; by colleagues’ scientific and ethical judgments of their work; and by a

certain vested interest not only in protecting their professional reputations, but also, in advancing

them through recognition for being eminently successful with breakthroughs in knowledge or

technique”. The development has been placed in a situation of the context of the physician's

medical investigation and the trust relationship between the patients and the physicians. The

success of the evaluation is strongly based on having a professional self-regulation and

Institutional Review Boards are not necessarily contacted before investigation research and the

board does not conduct in-depth background inspection of the research outline. The article
continues to discuss how to date, the potential safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of many

procedures has not been evaluated systematically during their development.

Research Map

Research Questions

 What are the guidelines and factors for successful data?

Keywords: reliable data, accuracy, medical(ethics), clinical trials, nurses, data collection
Kinds of research:
I will use information from internet scholar articles and the UCF library. I will also gather
information from my aunt since she has experience reviewing data of clinical trials.
Time table
FEBRUARY * = research

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

4 * Research
8 Library
Proposal 5 6 7 9
Course
Memo

15 Out of
11 13 * town
12 Research 14 16 Out of
10 Informative Map/ Library town
Speech 1:30-2:20 CGS Project
1

20 * Digital
17 Out of
18 * 19 Paper Trail 21 22 23
town
(DPT)

25
Workshop 28
24 Draft 26 * 27
Research PHI Test 2
Dossier

MARCH
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

1*
CGS Project
2 2

8
4 Final Draft 6
7
3 Research 5 CGS 9
Persuasive
Dossier PHI Test 3 Assessment
speech
2

15
11
10 14
Spring 12 13 16
Break starts Spring
Break end

18 Mid term 19 20
17 21 22 23*
week

24 25 26 27 28 29 30

APRIL

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

1 Pitch your 3 4
2 5 6
TED Talk Phi test 4

10

Workshop 12
7 8 9 Draft 1 11 13
Research CGS Project 3
Paper
 19 Final Draft
Argumentative
Research
Paper
15 17 Workshop
Workshop Draft 3
18
14 Draft 2 16 Research CGS 20
Research Paper Assessment 3
Paper

TED Student
Lounge

22 Final
21 23 24 25 26 27
week

29
28 30

Preliminary research:

1. Interview with my aunt who is a manager of clinical trials.

2. Roehrs, C. and Wilson, V. (2016). Critical appraisal and selection of data collection
instruments: A step-by-step guide. [online] Sciedu.ca. Available at:
http://www.sciedu.ca/journal/index.php/jnep/article/viewFile/10147/6397 [Accessed 4 Feb.
2019].
3. Wilcox, A., Fort, D., Weng, C. and Bakken,, S. (2014). Considerations for Using Research
Data to Verify Clinical Data Accuracy. [online] PubMed Central (PMC). Available at:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4333689/ [Accessed 4 Feb. 2019].
4. Lewis, Peter, et al. Health Assessment in Nursing. Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins, 2014, downloads.lww.com/wolterskluwer_vitalstream_com/sample-
content/9780781762403_weber/ch03.pdf.
5. Schmidt, Brooke, and Clifford Ko. “The Critical Importance of Good Data to Improving
Quality.” Patient Safety & Quality Healthcare, 6 Aug. 2012, com/analysis/the-critical-
importance-of-good-data-to-improving-quality/(Links to an external site.)Links to an
external site. (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..
6. “5. Improving Data Collection across the Health Care System.” AHRQ--Agency for
Healthcare Research and Quality: Advancing Excellence in Health Care, U.S. HHS: Agency
for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2 Oct. 2014, www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/final-
reports/iomracereport/reldata5.html.
Annotated Bibliography (CAB)

1: Citation: Roehrs, C. and Wilson, V. (2016). Critical appraisal and selection of data
collection instruments: A step-by-step guide. [online] Sciedu.ca. Available at:
http://www.sciedu.ca/journal/index.php/jnep/article/viewFile/10147/6397 [Accessed 4 Feb.
2019].

Content: The article provides step-by-step education for critical appraisal and assortment of data
collection instruments. The article describes in detail of “measurement theory, literature, and
experience of the authors in education and practice research”
Statement about the author and credibility: Written by Kathleen N Dunemn, Carol J. Roehrs,
Vicki L Wilson. They seem to be creditable from the School of Nursing, University of Northern
Colorado
Bias, perspective, relevance, or function of the text: This article provides comprehensive
information for successful data collection. It provides personal experiences from fellow
researchers while applying the data from a nursing perspective.

2:Citation: http://ucf.catalog.fcla.edu/permalink.jsp?29CF036384128 (Links to an external

site.)Links to an external site.
Content: A book discussion on fellow researchers and their protocols that they follow including
tips and help to fix issues.
Statement about the author and credibility: Published by Springer New York : Imprint:
Humana Press, edited by Antonia Vlahou, Manousos Makridakis, and written from varies
multicultural researchers
Bias, perspective, relevance, or function of the text: The text provides information to conclude
appropriate research and how to limit problems and inaccuracy.

3: Citation: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/06/150608143755.htm (Links to an

external site.)Links to an external site.
Content: This text is provided from a website that is using an article from Society of Thoracic
Surgeons to explain how to recognize what is reliable in clinical data. The text discuss how new
technology affect data collection and how the health care industry can evolve with the new
technology.
Statement about the author and credibility: Written from Society of Thoracic Surgeons
Bias, perspective, relevance, or function of the text: The text has an evolving point of view
that focuses on how to have appropriate data in the clinical field.

4: Citation: Field work interview with Dale Strong

Content: During the interview Ms. Strong provides contextual information involve with clinical
studies that are testing prescriptions before the drugs ae distributed out.
Statement about the author and credibility: Works with Quintiles clinical trials
Bias, perspective, relevance, or function of the text: Gives details on how a company performs
research and how they limit imprecise data.
5: Citation: Field work with Albert McGhee
Content: During the interview Mr. McGhee provides contextual information involve with
clinical studies that are testing prescriptions before the drugs ae distributed out.
Statement about the author and credibility: Works with Quintiles clinical trials
Bias, perspective, relevance, or function of the text: Gives details on how a company performs
research and how they limit imprecise data.

6: Citation: Study to Assess the Validity and Reliability of the Spinal Cord Independence
Measure (SCIM III) - Tabular View. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT00573976?view=record
Content: An experiment that test ideas, thoughts, and independent measure.
Statement about the author and credibility: Collaborated with University of California, Irvine;
University of Pittsburgh; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Rancho Los
Amigos National Rehabilitation Center; University of Missouri-Columbia;
James A. Haley Veterans Administration Hospital; VA Long Beach Healthcare System; Allina
Hospitals and Clinics; University of Kentucky; Mayo Clinic; University of Louisville; Shirley
Ryan AbilityLab; Carolinas Healthcare System; Kessler Foundation; MedStar National
Rehabilitation Network; MetroHealth Rehabilitation Institute of Ohio; Touro Rehabilitation
Center; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; Medical College of Wisconsin; St. Joseph
Hospital Health Center; Thomas Jefferson University; The Institute for Rehabilitaion and
Research Foundation.
Bias, perspective, relevance, or function of the text: Testing the SCIIM for a reliable and
accurate data collection

7: Citation: Nickson, C., Chris, Monash University, Australian Centre for Health Innovation,
New Zealand Intensive Care Society, ANZICS) Education Committee, & University of
Auckland. (2016, January 03). Validity of Clinical Research • Life in the Fast Lane • LITFL •
Medical Blog. Retrieved from https://lifeinthefastlane.com/ccc/validity-of-clinical-research/
Content: A trial to test the validity of clinical data involving patients. The trial changes protocol
to see if that affects the data collected.
Statement about the author and credibility: Written by by Chris Nickson and last updated January
3, 2016
Bias, perspective, relevance, or function of the text: A trial testing the factors that affect data

8: Citation: Validity and reliability. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.iwh.on.ca/what-

researchers-mean-by/validity-and-reliability
Content: How to ensure the validity and reliability of a measurement
Statement about the author and credibility: Published by the Institute for Work and Health
Bias, perspective, relevance, or function of the text: Great information to have a accurate data
collection process and gives intel on how to limit unnecessary factors

9:Citation: http://ucf.catalog.fcla.edu/permalink.jsp?29ISL001001313 (Links to an external

site.)Links to an external site.
Content: The text gives insight on how a data collection method matches up for accurate and
valid data.
Statement about the author and credibility: Written by Richard W. White
Bias, perspective, relevance, or function of the text: The independent research tests The Quad
Rule to show how it can help clinical trials

10: Citation: Validity and reliability. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.iwh.on.ca/what-

researchers-mean-by/validity-and-reliability
Content: Highlights the internal validity and external validity
Statement about the author and credibility: Published by Life In The Fast Lane
Bias, perspective, relevance, or function of the text: Testing the quality of being correct

11: Citation: http://ucf.catalog.fcla.edu/permalink.jsp?29CF036372778 (Links to an external

site.)Links to an external site.
Content: Discusses the rights and wrongs of clinical trials
Statement about the author and credibility: Written by by John G. Brock-Utne.
Bias, perspective, relevance, or function of the text: Text describes the problems involved with
clinical trials to limit the issues in future research

12: Citation: http://ucf.catalog.fcla.edu/permalink.jsp?29CF029050071 (Links to an external

site.)Links to an external site.
Content: Examples of clinical trials collection of data
Statement about the author and credibility: Written by Kathi Keaton Borok.
Bias, perspective, relevance, or function of the text: Great examples to see different preferences

13. Gelijns, Annetine C. “4. The Development of Clinical Procedures.” Technological

Innovation: Comparing Development of Drugs, Devices, and Procedures in Medicine., U.S.
National Library of Medicine, 1 Jan. 1989, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK222716/.
Content:
Statement about the author and credibility:
Bias, perspective, relevance, or function of the text: