CPC - B23F - 2017.

05

B23F
MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS (by stamping B21D; by rolling B21H;
by forging or pressing B21K; by casting B22; arrangements for copying or
controlling B23Q; machines or devices for grinding or polishing, in general
B24B)

Definition statement
This place covers:
Methods and machines specially designed to accurately produce the shapes of gears and other
toothed members. Such shapes being essential for proper intermeshing of gearing (and toothed
member) elements to ensure the required relative motions. The methods and machines use metal
removing processes;

Tools which are specially adapted for use in machines for manufacturing toothed members;

Accessories and equipment for gear making machinery.

References
Limiting references
This place does not cover:
Making gears or toothed racks by stamping B21D
Making gears or toothed racks by rolling B21H
Making gears or toothed racks by forging or pressing B21K
Making gears or toothed racks by casting B22D
Making milling cutters by milling per se B23C 3/36
Making milling cutters by multi-stage processes B23P 15/34

Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Details, components, or accessories for machine tools, in general B23Q
Machines or devices for grinding or polishing, per se B24B
Gears, per se F16H
Profiles of toothed members F16H 55/08

Glossary of terms
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Terms relating to gear nomenclature in general are to be understood as defined by ANSI/AGMA 1012-
G05

Gear teeth In addition to the common meaning of gear teeth, it also covers the
teeth or lobes of other accurately intermeshing members having
relative movement of a similar kind, such as rotors of rotary pumps
and blowers.

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B23F (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

Gear cutting Whilst "cutting" is generally used to refer to material removal using
a geometrically defined cutting edge, in this subclass the term
"gear cutting" also refers to material removal using geometrically
undefined cutting edges, such as by grinding.
Profile Profile may include the outline of both faces or only one face of a
tooth, or the opposing faces of adjacent teeth.
Straight Straight means that a tooth as a whole (ignoring any curvature of
the tooth-face alone, e.g. crowning) is straight in the direction of its
length. It accordingly includes the teeth of spur gears, helical gears
and normal bevel gears.
Indexing Indexing in general refers to the process of dividing the periphery
of the workpiece into a number of discrete sections. In this
subclass the sections are where the teeth are (or will be) formed
and indexing refers to the relative angular movement between the
workpiece and tool after cutting one tooth in order to allow cutting
of the next tooth.
Continuous indexing Continuous indexing refers to using continuous rotation of the
workpiece to enable all teeth to be cut without separation of tool
and workpiece for indexing.
Generating Generating refers to the method of cutting gear teeth using a
cutting tool having (or through machine movement, simulating) the
shape of a particular gear or rack (dependent on type of gear being
produced) and moving the tool relatively to the work piece with a
rolling-off motion to cut the tooth profile.
Grinding Grinding refers to material removal using tools with fixed abrasive
particles having geometrically undefined cutting edges.
Planing or Slotting Planing or slotting refers generally to the removal of material
in the form of chips by a relative movement of at least one tool
with a geometrically defined cutting edge and the workpiece,
along a non-circular trajectory, both tool and workpiece being
non-rotating. However in this subclass there may be a relative
rotational movement in order to generate tooth profiles.
Skiving Skiving refers to the removal of material in the form of chips from
the workpiece by a toothed tool having geometrically defined
cutting edges. The tool and workpiece are both rotated with their
rotation axes being at a skewed angle. The tool is fed generally
parallel to the workpiece axis.
Milling Milling refers to the removal of material in the form of chips from a
workpiece using a rotating tool with a geometrically defined cutting
edge where the main cutting force results from the rotation of the
tool.
Hobbing Hobbing is a milling process where the tool takes the form of a
worm in which the threads are gashed to form cutting edges.
Both tool and workpiece are rotated. It is a continuous generating
process.
Face Milling Face milling is a milling process where the cutting edges of the tool
are on teeth or cutter bars which extend axially from a face of the
(usually) circular tool, the face being transverse to the tool rotation
axis.
Face Hobbing Face hobbing is a face milling process using continuous indexing.

2
B23F (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

Broaching Broaching refers to the removal of material in the form of chips

from a workpiece by a relative movement between a tool having
multiple teeth and a workpiece along a non-circular trajectory. The
difference in height between successive teeth on a broaching tool
determines the feed and hence the chip thickness.
Broach-milling Broach-milling refers to milling with a rotary cutter having a number
of teeth of progressively increasing depth or width
Pot broaching Pot broaching refers to broaching external teeth with an internally
toothed tool.
Honing Honing generally refers to abrading by means of one or more,
often compliant, fine grit abrasive tools along a controlled path
of combined movements, including a reciprocating movement, in
order to smoothen a surface. In this subclass honing also refers
to a surface finishing method using toothed tools where tool and
workpiece are in crossed axis meshed engagement.
Lapping Lapping refers to a surface finishing method using abrasives
dispersed in a liquid medium or paste on the engaging surfaces
of a workpiece, usually whilst the workpiece is in meshed
engagement with another toothed member.
Shaving Shaving refers to a surface finishing method of material removal in
the form of chips using a toothed tool with gashes in the flanks of
the teeth that act as the geometrically defined cutting edges, the
tool and workpiece are in crossed axis meshed engagement.

B23F 1/00
Making gear teeth by tools of which the profile matches the profile of the
required surface (special adaptations for making curved teeth B23F 9/00)

Definition statement
This place covers:
Methods and machines for making gear teeth using a tool which matches the required tooth profile.

Examples are:

3
B23F 1/00 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

Manufacturing by grinding (JP59161226):

tool (1), workpiece (3)

Manufacturing by planing or slotting (US1636670)

4
B23F 1/00 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

tool (D); workpiece (C)

Manufacturing by milling (US2013101367

5
B23F 1/00 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

tool (10), workpiece (20)

Manufacturing by broaching (JP4025313)

tool (5), workpiece (4)

6
B23F 1/00 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

References
Limiting references
This place does not cover:
Gear cutting tools B23F 21/00

Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Gear generating methods and machines for straight teeth B23F 5/00
Gear generating methods and machines for curved teeth B23F 9/00

Special rules of classification

Where a machine is also used for generating gear straight gear teeth it is additionally classified in the
subgroups of B23F 5/00.

B23F 1/02
by grinding

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Gear generating by grinding B23F 5/02
Chamfering gear teeth by grinding B23F 19/12
Grinding, in general B24B

B23F 1/023
{the tool being a grinding worm}

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Gear generating using a grinding worm B23F 5/04

B23F 1/04
by planing or slotting

Definition statement
This place covers:
Planing or slotting refers to the removal of material in the form of chips by a relative movement of
at least one tool with a geometrically defined cutting edge and the workpiece, along a non-circular
trajectory. The tool and workpiece are generally non-rotating. There may be a rotary indexing
movement in between cutting passes

7
B23F 1/04 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Gear generating by planing or slotting B23F 5/12

B23F 1/06
by milling

Definition statement
This place covers:
Milling refers to the removal of material in the form of chips from a workpiece using a rotating tool with
a geometrically defined cutting edge where the main cutting force results from the rotation of the tool.

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Gear generating by milling B23F 5/20
Milling, in general B23C

8
 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 3/00
Making gear teeth involving copying operations controlled by templates having
a profile which matches that of the required tooth face or part thereof or a copy
thereof to a different scale (copying systems or devices per se B23Q 35/00)

Definition statement
This place covers:
Machines and methods for making gear teeth using templates which have a profile matching at least
a part of the required tooth profile. This class includes roughing and finishing, including chamfering
teeth.

Example: DE763595

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Copying systems or devices per se B23Q 35/00

B23F 5/00
Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece
with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be
made

Definition statement
This place covers:
Machines and methods of making straight gear teeth involving moving the tool relatively to work piece
with a rolling-off motion, e.g. generating. The methods include but are not limited to:
• grinding, with a grinding worm or grinding disc

9
B23F 5/00 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

• planing, including shaping and skiving

• milling, including hobbing

Example(s):

By grinding (US4400916)

by planing or slotting (EP1342524)

tool (44), workpiece (12)

by hobbing (JP2010158748)

10
B23F 5/00 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

tool (15), workpiece (W)

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Making curved gear teeth B23F 9/00

B23F 5/04
the tool being a grinding worm

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Making straight gear teeth involving moving a hob relatively to a B23F 5/22
workpiece with a rolling-off motion (spur gears)
Making straight gear teeth involving moving a hob relatively to a B23F 5/24
workpiece with a rolling-off motion (bevel gears)

Special rules of classification

Methods and machines which may use either a grinding worm or a hob are to be classified in both
B23F 5/04 and B23F 5/22

11
 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 5/163
{the tool and workpiece being in crossed axis arrangement, e.g. skiving, i.e.
"Waelzschaelen"}

Definition statement
This place covers:
Skiving refers to the removal of material in the form of chips from the workpiece by a toothed tool
having geometrically defined cutting edges. The tool and workpiece are both rotated with their rotation
axes being at a skewed angle. The tool is fed generally parallel to the workpiece axis, depending on
the type of gear being cut

Example (DE102007015357)

tool (3), workpiece (14)

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:
• "Skiving" and "hob peeling"

B23F 5/205
{with plural tools}

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (JP359182020)

12
B23F 5/205 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

plural hobs, 15,16

B23F 5/207
{the tools being interlocked}

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (DE1269869)

tools (5), workpiece (10)

Example (US7364391)

13
B23F 5/207 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

tools (6), workpiece (8)

B23F 5/22
the tool being a hob for making spur gears

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Gear manufacturing hobs, per se B23F 21/16

14
 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 5/24
the tool being a hob for making bevel gears

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Taper hobs for manufacturing bevel gears B23F 21/18

B23F 7/00
Making herringbone gear teeth

Definition statement
This place covers:
Methods and machines for making herringbone and double helical gears.

Example (US20040031152):

B23F 9/00
Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction

Definition statement
This place covers:
Methods and machines for making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction, i.e. the
tooth is curved along the tooth direction. e.g. spiral bevel gears, hypoid gears.

Example (US20050064794)

15
B23F 9/00 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

tool 7, Workpiece 31

(US20020154961)

tool 18, workpiece 50

B23F 9/025
{with a face-mill-type, i.e. cup-shaped, grinding wheel}

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Face-mill-type grinding tools B23F 21/023

Special rules of classification

Methods and machines relating to both face-mill-type grinding and face milling using milling cutters are
also to be classified in B23F 9/10.

16
 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 9/06
having a shape similar to a spur-wheel or part thereof

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Gear shaper cutters having a shape similar to a spur gear or part thereof B23F 21/10

B23F 9/082
{with a hob}

References
Limiting references
This place does not cover:
Face hobbing B23F 19/101

Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Hobs for gear cutting B23F 21/16

B23F 9/084
{the hob being tapered}

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Tapered hobs B23F 21/18

B23F 9/10
with a face-mill

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Face mills for gear cutting B23F 21/22

Special rules of classification

Methods or machines relating to both face-mill-type grinding and face milling using a milling tool are
also to be classified in B23F 9/025.

17
 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 9/105
{with continuous indexing, i.e. with continuous work rotation}

Definition statement
This place covers:
Methods and machines for manufacturing curved gear teeth by milling with a face mill with continuous
indexing, i.e. face hobbing.

B23F 11/00
Making worm wheels, e.g. by hobbing

Definition statement
This place covers:
Methods and machines for manufacturing worm wheels, where worm wheels are the mating gears for
worms. Both rough and finish machining are included.

Example of manufacturing by hobbing (GB362448, Figure 4):

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Making worms B23F 13/00

18
 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 13/00
Making worms by methods essentially requiring the use of machines of the
gear-cutting type (making screw-thread B23G)

Definition statement
This place covers:
Machines and methods of the gear cutting type used for making worms. Both rough and finish
machining are included.

Example (US5647703)

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Making worm wheels B23F 11/00

B23F 13/06
Making worms of globoidal shape

Definition statement
This place covers:
Methods and machines for making globoidal, e.g. hourglass shape worms.

19
B23F 13/06 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

Example (US3875635)

B23F 15/00
Methods or machines for making gear wheels of special kinds not covered by
groups B23F 7/00 - B23F 13/00

Definition statement
This place covers:
Methods and machines for special types of gear wheels and toothed members, e.g. sprockets,
elliptical wheels, pump rotors, toothed clutches and face (crown) gears.

B23F 15/00 can be viewed as a catch-all group for gears or toothed members not covered by other
groups in the subclass or by the subgroups of B23F 15/00.

20
B23F 15/00 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

Example (US4521141)

B23F 15/06
Making gear teeth on the front surface of wheels, e.g. for clutches or couplings
with toothed faces

Definition statement
This place covers:
Methods and machines for making gear teeth on the front surface of wheels.

The front surface is generally understood to be a face surface that is transverse relative to the rotation
axis.

21
B23F 15/06 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

Example, clutches (GB594492)

Example: Face gears (EP0906171):

22
 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 15/08
Making intermeshing rotors, e.g. of pumps

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (US4034645):

B23F 17/00
Special methods or machines for making gear teeth, not covered by the
preceding groups

Definition statement
This place covers:
Special methods and machines for making gear teeth, not covered by other groups. Examples are
methods and machines for making gear pairs, machines for machining tooth roots and machines
which combine different machining operations.

23
 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 17/005
{for machining tooth fillet or tooth root}

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (JP61117014):

B23F 17/006
{using different machines or machining operations}

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (DE2008034402)

24
B23F 17/006 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

workpiece (3), hob (4), cutting tools (7,10), chamfering tools (8a, 8b)

B23F 17/008
{Features relating to transfer of work gears between different work stations}

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Arrangements for handling work with machine tools, in general B23Q 7/00

B23F 19/00
Finishing gear teeth by other tools than those used for manufacturing gear
teeth

Definition statement
This place covers:
Methods and machines for finishing gear teeth. The finishing process may include modifying the tooth
form by crowning, by chamfering and by the provision of undercuts and stop notches. The group also
includes deburring.

25
B23F 19/00 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

Example (EP1106290)

Special rules of classification

Methods and machines for finish grinding should be classified under the other grinding subgroups with
the exception of cup-shaped grinding tools (B23F 19/005).

B23F 19/005
{using a face-mill-type tool, e.g. a milling or a grinding tool}

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example: (US5580298)

26
B23F 19/005 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

tool (24), workpiece (26)

B23F 19/02
Lapping gear teeth

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (US6217421)

27
B23F 19/02 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

workpieces (48,36), lapping compound supply means (64,66)

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Lapping in general B24B 37/00

B23F 19/05
Honing gear teeth

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (US4077164)

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B23F 19/05 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

tool (hone, 20), workpiece (26)

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Honing tools for gear teeth B23F 21/03

B23F 19/052
{by making use of a tool in the shape of a worm}

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (US3740904)

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B23F 19/052 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Honing worms for gear teeth B23F 21/035

B23F 19/057
{by making use of a tool in the shape of an internal gear}

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (DE4317306)

B23F 19/06
Shaving the faces of gear teeth

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (GB801289):

30
B23F 19/06 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

tool (C, 33), workpiece (G)

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Shaving cutters for gear teeth B23F 21/28

B23F 19/063
{by making use of a tool in the shape of an internal gear}

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Shaving cutters in the shape of an internal gear B23F 21/286

B23F 19/10
Chamfering the end edges of gear teeth

Definition statement
This place covers:
Methods and machines for chamfering and deburring, including secondary deburring of the end edges
of gear teeth.

31
B23F 19/10 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

Example (EP1022082)

B23F 19/107
{the tool being a fly cutter}

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Fly cutters for use in gear manufacture B23F 21/20

B23F 21/00
Tools specially adapted for use in machines for manufacturing gear teeth

Definition statement
This place covers:
Included in this group are details of tools specially adapted for manufacturing gear teeth.

Glossary of terms
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Inserted cutting elements is understood as meaning that the tool has a body and cutting
elements which take the form of inserts are fixed into the body.
Inserted cutting elements in is understood as meaning that the inserted cutting elements can
exchangeable arrangement be removed and replaced by new inserts when required.

32
 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 21/02
Grinding discs; Grinding worms (truing grinding tools B24B; grinding tools in
general B24D)

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (US4533812):

grinding disc (1)

33
 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 21/023
{Face-mill-type, i.e. cup-shaped, grinding wheels}

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (EP1184122)

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Making curved gear teeth with a cup-shaped grinding wheel B23F 9/025

34
 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 21/026
{Grinding worms}

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (JP6297243):

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Making straight teeth where the profile matches the profile of the required B23F 1/023
surface using a grinding worm
Generating straight teeth using a grinding worm B23F 5/04

35
 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 21/03
Honing tools

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (WO9924203)

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Honing gear teeth B23F 19/05

B23F 21/035
{Honing worms}

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (US3740904)

36
B23F 21/035 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

Tool (1), workpiece (2)

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Honing gear teeth with a honing worm B23F 19/052

B23F 21/04
Planing or slotting tools

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Generating straight teeth by planing or slotting B23F 5/12
Making curved teeth by planing or slotting B23F 9/04

37
 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 21/06
having a profile which matches a gear tooth profile

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Making straight teeth where the profile of the tool matches the profile of B23F 1/04
the required surface by planing or slotting

B23F 21/08
having the same profile as a tooth or teeth of a rack

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (GB146769):

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Making straight gear teeth using a rolling-off or enveloping motion by B23F 5/14
planning or slotting where the tool has the same profile as a tooth or teeth
of a rack

B23F 21/10
Gear-shaper cutters having a shape similar to a spur wheel or part thereof

Definition statement
This place covers:
Gear shaper cutters having a shape similar to a spur wheel or part thereof, e.g. pinion cutters

38
B23F 21/10 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

Example (GB220192)

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Making straight teeth involving a rolling-off motion by planing or slotting B23F 5/16
using a tool having the same profile as a spur wheel
Making curved teeth by planing or slotting using a tool having the same B23F 9/06
profile as a spur wheel

B23F 21/12
Milling tools

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Milling cutters, in general B23C 5/00

B23F 21/122
{having a shape similar to that of a gear or part thereof, with cutting edges
situated on the tooth contour lines}

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Making straight teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece B23F 5/202
with a rolling-off motion by milling using a tool that has a shape similar
to that of a gear or part thereof, with cutting edges situated on the tooth
contour lines

39
 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 21/14
Profile cutters of disc type

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (GB590978):

40
 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 21/16
Hobs

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (JP59001120):

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Hobbing straight gear teeth B23F 5/22
Hobbing curved gear teeth B23F 9/082

41
 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 21/166
{in exchangeable arrangement}

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (US4735115)

42
 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 21/18
Taper hobs, e.g. for bevel gears

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (GB955699):

B23F 21/20
Fly cutters

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (EP0088807):

43
B23F 21/20 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

tool (7), workpiece (10)

44
 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 21/22
Face-mills for longitudinally-curved gear teeth

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (GB 473050):

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Making curved gear teeth by face milling B23F 9/10
Making curved gear teeth by face hobbing B23F 9/105

B23F 21/226
{in exchangeable arrangement}

Definition statement
This place covers:
Examples:

45
B23F 21/226 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

Face milling cutter (US3571876)

Face milling cutter for face hobbing (US6609858):

Special rules of classification

Milling tools with teeth arranged on a spiral curve are classified here, regardless of whether continuous
generating is explicitly mentioned.

46
 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 21/24
Broach-milling tools

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (GB364012):

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Broach-milling of gear teeth using a tool whose profile matches the profile B23F 1/083
of the required surface
Broach-milling straight teeth involving a rolling-off motion B23F 5/28

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 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 21/26
Broaching tools

Definition statement
This place covers:
Broaching refers to the removal of material in the form of chips from a workpiece by a relative
movement between a tool having multiple teeth and a workpiece along a non-circular trajectory. The
difference in height between successive teeth on a broaching tool determines the feed and hence the
chip thickness

Example (US20040109731)

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Broaching gear teeth using tools where the profile matches the required B23F 1/08
surface profile
Broaching straight teeth using a rolling-off motion B23F 5/28
Broaching curved gears B23F 9/003

B23F 21/266
{mounted on an endless chain or belt}

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Broaching straight teeth with tools mounted on endless belt or chain B23F 5/285
Broaching curved teeth with tools mounted on an endless belt or chain B23F 9/006

B23F 21/268
{Pot broaches}

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Pot broaching using tools whose profile matches that of the required B23F 1/086
surface

48
 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 21/28
Shaving cutters

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (JP62114817):

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Shaving gear teeth B23F 19/06

49
 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 21/286
{having the shape of an internal gear}

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (JP61030322):

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Shaving gear teeth using a tool in the shape of an internal gear B23F 19/063

B23F 23/00
Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed
to form part of, gear-cutting machines (tool-guiding mechanisms, see the
relevant groups for making gear teeth; accessories or equipment not restricted
to gear-cutting machines B23Q)

Definition statement
This place covers:
Accessories and equipment specially designed to form part of gear cutting machines, e.g.
• generating, indexing and synchronising mechanisms
• loading, unloading and work holding equipment
• Tool holders
• Dressing arrangements for grinding wheels

50
B23F 23/00 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

Examples:

Tool / workpiece contact detecting device (US20030002943)

Loading / unloading (US6565418):

51
 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 23/006
{Equipment for synchronising movement of cutting tool and workpiece, the
cutting tool and workpiece not being mechanically coupled}

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (US20050055836):

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Numerical control (NC) of machine tools in general G05B 19/18

B23F 23/04
Loading {or unloading} arrangements

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (GB1394518)

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B23F 23/04 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Handling work in machine tools in general B23Q 7/00

B23F 23/06
Chucking arrangements

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (GB1256167):

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Chucks, in general B23B 31/02

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 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 23/10
Arrangements for compensating irregularities in drives or indexing
mechanisms

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Automatic control and compensation for machine tools, in general B23Q 15/00

B23F 23/1206
{Tool mountings}

Definition statement
This place covers:
Tool mountings refers to devices, or parts of devices for mounting or clamping the tool, for example
(but not limited to) arbours or mandrels, such that the tool can then be held by a tool holder which
connects the cutting tool to the machine tool.

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Workpiece mounting, e.g. chucking arrangements B23F 23/06
Gear cutting tool holders B23F 23/1237

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 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 23/1218
{Checking devices for controlling workpieces in machines for manufacturing
gear teeth}

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (US5174070):

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Measuring arrangements using mechanical means for measuring G01B 5/202
contours of gears
Measuring arrangements using electrical or magnetic means for G01B 7/283
measuring contours of gears
Testing of gearings G01M 13/021

B23F 23/1225
{Arrangements of abrasive wheel dressing devices on gear-cutting machines
(dressing devices per se B24B 53/00)}

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (US217409

55
B23F 23/1225 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

workpiece (20), tool (36), dressing tool (42)

56
 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 23/1231
{using a gear-shaped dressing tool}

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (JP20060035421)

B23F 23/1243
{Hob holders}

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (DE1020090039752)

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B23F 23/1243 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Hobs for manufacturing gear teeth B23F 21/16

B23F 23/125
{Face mill holders}

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Face-milling tools for cutting curved teeth B23F 21/22

B23F 23/1256
{Rack cutter holders}

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Planing or slotting tools having the same profile as a tooth or teeth of a B23F 21/08
rack

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 CPC - B23F - 2017.05

B23F 23/1262
{Grinding disc holders; Disc-type milling-cutter holders}

Definition statement
This place covers:
Example (DE3415498):

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Grinding discs for use in gear manufacturing machines B23F 21/02
Profile cutters of disc type for use in gear manufacturing machines B23F 21/14
Securing milling cutters to the driving spindle, in general B23C 5/26

B23F 23/1268
{Face-mill-type grinding wheel holders}

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Face mill type grinding wheels for use in gear cutting machines B23F 21/023

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B23F 23/1268 (continued) CPC - B23F - 2017.05

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:
• " Face mill type grinding wheel" and "cup-shaped grinding wheel "

B23F 23/1275
{Grinding or honing worm holders}

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Grinding worms for use in gear manufacturing machines B23F 21/026
Honing worms for use in gear manufacturing machines B23F 21/035

B23F 23/1281
{Honing, shaving or lapping tool holders}

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Honing tools for use in gear manufacturing machines B23F 21/03
Shaving tools for use in gear manufacturing machines B23F 21/28

B23F 23/1287
{Pinion shaper cutter holders}

References
Informative references
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Pinion shaped cutters for use in gear manufacturing machines B23F 21/10

60