Ch-11 (HMT)
Ch-11 (HMT)
Ch-11 (HMT)
ME-330
Heat Exchanger
Heat Exchanger
A device whose primary purpose is the transfer of
energy between two fluids is named a Heat Exchanger.
Heat Exchangers may be classified according to the
following criteria.
1. Transfer process: direct and indirect contact
2. Geometry of construction: tubes, plates, and extended
surfaces.
3. Heat transfer mechanism: single phase and two phase
4. Flow arrangement: Parallel, counter, cross flow
Types of Heat Exchanger
Simplest type consist of two concentric pipes of different diameter
called double pipe heat exchanger.
2. Counter flow, the hot and cold fluids enter the heat
exchanger at opposite ends and flow in opposite directions.
Parallel & Counter flow Double Pipe Heat Exchangers
Compact Heat Exchanger
Type of heat exchanger, which is specifically
designed to realize a large heat transfer surface
area per unit volume, is the compact heat
exchanger.
The ratio of the heat transfer surface area of a
heat exchanger to its volume is called the area
density β.
Cont.
The two fluids usually move perpendicular to
each other, and such flow configuration is called cross-flow.
The cross-flow is said to be unmixed since the plate fins force the
fluid to flow through a particular inter-fin spacing and prevent it
from moving in the transverse direction (i.e., parallel to the tubes).
Heat transfer takes place as one fluid flows inside the tubes while
the other fluid flows outside the tubes through the shell.
Baffles are commonly placed in the shell to force the shell-side fluid
to flow across the shell to enhance heat transfer and to maintain
uniform spacing between the tubes.
Heat is first transferred from the hot fluid to the wall by convection,
through the wall by conduction, and from the wall to the cold fluid
again by convection. Any radiation effects are usually included in the
convection heat transfer coefficients.
Two Methods
1. log mean temperature difference (LMTD)
2. Effectiveness–NTU method
Assumption for Analysis
1. Heat exchangers usually operate for long periods of time with no change in their
operating conditions. Therefore, they can be modeled as steady-flow devices.
3. The fluid properties such as temperature and velocity at any inlet or outlet
remain the same.
6. Axial heat conduction along the tube is usually insignificant and can be
considered negligible.
LMTD Method
Heat Transfer
Outlet temp
Effectiveness Method
Heat capacity
Q maximum
Q Actual
Effectiveness
Example
Effectiveness Method
Selection of Heat Exchanger