​Emdad's 5-Day Special: Listening Summaries

01. Einstein...Hubble....The Universe ​(68 words)

The talk delineates how Albert Einstein’s theory about the universe dismissed the centuries-old view that the
universe was immobile and static. According to the lecture, it was by bringing forward the age-old theory of Edwin
Hubble that Einstein proved that the celestial bodies in space go through constant dynamic changes. Hence, the role
of this new revelation in eliminating the wrong perception about the universe was instrumental indeed.

02. Environmental law...Adam Smith....British Government ​(68 words)

The talk delineates how Adam Smith’s environmental law revolutionised the way companies and industries used to
manufacture goods and treat their employees. It was by implementing the Adam Smith Model that the UK
government not only succeeded in curbing environmental degradation caused by industrial revolution, but also
enhanced health and safety for workers. Hence, the role of this new law in making industrial operation eco-friendly
was instrumental indeed.

03. Biology (DNA & RNA) ​(69 words)

The talk delineates the significance of studying biology in understanding the fundamental structure of life. According
to the lecture, it is by containing DNA and RNA that all living things, both plants and animals, not only transmit
genetic information, but also show the similarities they possess with each other. Hence, the role of this branch of
science in broadening our horizons regarding the dynamics of life is instrumental indeed.

04. 5 Kinds of Competitions...Students...University ​(60 words)

The talk delineates the impact of numerous competitions in tertiary education. According to the lecture, it is by
facing a number of arduous competitions, from donations to research funding, that students pursuing higher
education not only feel intimidated, but also run the risk of losing the battle. Hence, the impact of competitive
elements in pursuing higher studies is far-reaching indeed.

05. Ocean....Antares....detectors ​(65 words)

The talk delineates the significance of an unusual telescope called Antares, which works as a deep-sea detector
providing a rare glimpse of marine life. It is by observing such environmental changes as water temperature that this
detector offers a detailed outlook of the reaction of fish to feeding. Hence, the role of this state-of-the-art telescope
in gaining more insight into fish behaviour is instrumental indeed.

06. Making errors...2 Reasons...Photocopiers.... ​(64 words)

The talk delineates why people make errors and how to avoid them. According to the lecture, it is by firstly planning
something properly and then paying attention to the details meticulously that an individual can not only avoid any
distraction whatsoever, but also enhance efficiency and productivity. Hence, the role of practising such attributes as
planning and mindfulness in augmenting efficacy is instrumental indeed.
07. Peasants....India....Debt ​(67 words)

The talk delineates the destitute poverty the impoverished peasants in India are in. It is by borrowing money from
creditors on numerous occasions, either to improve their luck or to pay off the existing creditors, that these
underprivileged farmers not only fail to eradicate poverty, but also fall prey to a vicious circle. Hence, the impact of
these loans in deteriorating their ongoing predicaments is far-reaching indeed.

08. Computers/ Artificial intelligence/ Human brain ​(67 words)

The talk delineates how a computer has a high potential to develop computer intelligence. It is by following a number
of steps, from analysing messages into bits and bytes to working with systems and symbols, that computers not only
work like a human brain, but also have the ability to develop artificial intelligence. Hence, the role of the
aforementioned steps in developing state-of-the-art technology is instrumental indeed.

09. Government information / mislead / cover mistakes ​(58 Words)

The talk delineates how ambiguous governmental policies mislead people in a few western democracies. It is by
concealing miscellaneous information that the government not only misinforms people about the vital policies and
procedures, but also uses tricks from books to cover their mistakes. Hence, the impact of such erroneous government
practices in deceiving general public is far-reaching indeed.

10. Sea creature like devices, power generators, green energy ​(70 Words)

The talk delineates how electricity can be generated using devices operating on sea energy. It is by performing a
range of actions, from getting inspired by sea creatures to designing prototypes to measuring performance, that
scientists have not only invented power generators to produce green energy, but also implemented it successfully to
power thousands of houses. Hence, the role of the aforementioned devices in developing sustainable energy is
instrumental indeed.

11. Marketing/ Process / Profit / Sales ​(59 Words)

The talk delineates the significance of Marketing which is a process of transferring goods and services from a supplier
to a buyer. It is by interchanging products and services that profit and non-profit companies not only generate profit,
but also meet the win-win situation. Hence, the role of Marketing in swelling sales and return on capital is
instrumental indeed.

12. Genetic differences / Modern people / Ancestors ​(62 Words)

The talk delineates how genes have developed over the years. It is by comprehending and comparing the cognitive
abilities of contemporary people and ancestors that researchers have not only identified some genes that were
absent in our ancestors, but also found that certain genes did not change to date. Hence, the role of genetics in
understanding people's mental abilities is instrumental indeed.
13. Vitamin D/ Get from food/ Hormone/ Tropical areas ​(70 words)

The talk delineates the sources of an important hormone: Vitamin D. It is by learning about Vitamin D that scientists
have realised that although people living in the tropics receive ample amounts of the said vitamin through sunlight,
ones living in colder areas require food supplements to meet the need. Hence, the role of vitamin D rich foods in
fulfilling the requirements of people in chilly areas is instrumental indeed.

14. Stanford University Conference /Management/leadership ​(67 words)

The talk delineates the significance of leadership and management for business school students. It is by opting to
study at a renowned business school that students can not only gain such valuable attributes as accountability and
responsibility, but also prepare to be a world-beater in the world of business. Hence, the role of a management
programme in developing qualities that an excellent manager possesses is instrumental indeed.

15. Modification of Government (Power) ​(69 words)

The talk delineates the contrasting opinions by two political parties in terms of exercising power. It is by taking into
account the interests of both state and citizens without interfering with an individual's freedom that the delegates
can not only provide a shared measure of authority, but also ensure a peaceful society. Hence, the role of power
unification in striking a balance between the two extremes is instrumental indeed.

16. Human creativity / 3Ps: Product, Process, People ​(68 words)

The talk delineates the significance of human creativity and its key elements: Product, Process and People. It is by
analysing these Ps meticulously that analysts have not only determined such factors as ability, grit and right mindset
for people to be creative, but also identified improvement, insight and imagination as crucial aspects of a creative
process. Hence, the role of human creativity in their survival is instrumental indeed.

17. War of Talent….Immigration (Version 1) ​(65 words)

The talk delineates the impact of brain drain on the skilled workforce of a nation. It is by migrating to other nations
either for higher education or for future prospects that the young immigrants not only cause intense demand for
intellects, but also lead to a war of talent. Hence, the impact of talent hunt on the skilled labour of a country is
far-reaching indeed.

18. Shortage of Talent (Version 2) ​(61 ​Words​)

The talk delineates the shortage of talent, both in a company and around countries. It is by trying to recruit the most
intellectually able minds, in other words, the cream of the crop, that the companies and countries have effected a
battle of talent. Hence, the role of this immense competition in augmenting the value of talented people is
instrumental indeed.
19. Advertisements / Drugs or Medicines / TV ​(63 words)

The talk delineates the adverse impact of advertisements on patients’ buying choices. It is by showcasing numerous
adverts pertaining to different prescription drugs that companies not only delude a deluge of patients, but also give
them an illusion of feeling positive despite the medication being ineffective. Hence, the impact of this soaring trend
of advertisements on the well-being of people is far-reaching indeed.

20. Citizenship education ​(63 Words)

The talk delineates the significance of citizenship education. It is by emphasising on citizenship education that schools
can not only help students develop an upbeat attitude and hone their skills, but also boost their confidence to
prepare them for the challenges of the ever-changing world. Hence, the role of citizenship education in evolving such
essential skills as leadership in students is instrumental indeed.

21. Napoleon / Paris / 1890 ​(69 Words)

The talk delineates the renovation of Paris undertaken by Napoleon III in 1890s. It was by carrying out various
activities, from bringing air and light to the centre to planning the sewages to building roads, that Haussmann
directed urban renewal task commissioned by Napoleon III in an attempt to address overcrowding and diseases.
Hence, the role of improved infrastructure in enhancing the liveability of the city was instrumental indeed.

22. Sound Receptors ​(58 Words)

The talk delineates the mechanism of sound receptors in human ear. According to the speaker, it is by translating
vibrational energy coming from the ear through the ear fluid that these flappy organs convert physical motion into
electrical motion and electrical signals. Hence, the role of sound receptors in processing and comprehending sound
and speech is instrumental indeed.

23. ​Paying​ ​off​ ​Student​ ​Loan ​(68 Words)

The talk delineates how lack of proper financial planning can have long-term effects on one's life. It is by sharing a
dreadful life experience that a 43-year-old woman not only highlighted the consequences of burgeoning student
loan, but also emphasised the need to be financially stable before making any crucial investments in life. Hence, the
impact of poor financial management skills in ruining one's career is far-reaching indeed.

24. Mary Mallon​ ​(69 Words)

The talk delineates the life of Mary Mallon, widely held responsible for the transmission of typhoid. It was by
unknowingly contracting typhoid that this flamboyant cook, who had migrated to the United States from Mexico in
the 19th century, not only spread this deadly disease, but also earned a nickname for herself: ‘Typhoid Mary’. Hence
the impact of her life in spreading typhoid in the USA was far-reaching indeed.
25. Urbanisation / Farmer / Agriculture ​(61 Words)

The talk delineates why farmers were migrating from rural areas to urban ones. It was by going through a range of
hardships, from surviving in both arduous and unfavourable circumstances to producing food for the entire country,
that the peasants became disenchanted with village life. Hence, the impact of extreme living conditions on the lives
of impoverished villagers was far-reaching indeed.

26. Open borders / Border open ​(57 Words)

The talk delineates the significance of keeping borders open. It is by enabling people to move from one country to
another without any restriction whatsoever that countries can achieve various advantages, from elevating freedom
and alleviating injustice to promoting human welfare and boosting the economy. Hence, the role of this initiative in
benefitting humanity is instrumental indeed.

27. Definition/ Gobalisation (Version 1) ​(55 ​Words​)

The talk delineates the significance of globalisation. It is by applying such concepts as integrated economic strategy
and organisational integration that many countries can not only benefit from global economic improvement, but also
accelerate the growth in travel and trade. Hence, the role of globalisation in the proliferation of trade across borders
is instrumental indeed.

28. Globalisation (Version 2)​ ​(57 ​Words​)

The talk delineates the different approaches to the term “globalisation”. It is by considering different views, from the
proliferation of international trade to the interdependence of economic systems, that the speaker has established an
infallible understanding of the concept of globalisation. Hence, the role of the aforementioned propositions in being
able to define globalisation is instrumental indeed

29. Animals / Reproduce / Survive ​(69 ​Words​)

The talk delineates how animals reproduce and maintain their body and thus survive under various circumstances. It
is by placing a frog in water and heating it up as part of an experiment that researchers have unearthed the frog’s
ability to not only adjust its body temperature as per water temperature, but also survive in alien conditions. Hence,
the role of adaptation in helping organisms survive is instrumental indeed.

30. Amory Lovins / Mr Green ​(70 ​Words​)

The talk delineates how an American consultant, Amory Lovins, brought a revolutionary change in sustainable energy
development. It was by paying attention to sustainable use of resources and building a house with plenty of
energy-saving concepts that Amory made unprecedented strides in the development of green energy, thus earning a
nickname called Mr Green. Hence, the role of his contributions in exploring environmentally friendly sources of
energy was instrumental indeed.
31. Cocoa beans/ Aztecs/ Beverage/ religious significance ​(65 ​Words​)

The talk delineates the significance of Cocoa beans during the time of Aztecs. It was by being used in such ways as a
beverage, currency, sunscreen and the like that cocoa not only played a pivotal role in the Aztec society, but also
gained religious significance for the Mayans. Hence, the role of these cardinal beans in the life of the Aztecs was
instrumental indeed.

32. Harry Bergson / Genius / Energy problems / Technology ​(68 ​Words​)

The talk delineates how Harry Bergson, who did not belong to the academic world and was regarded as a genius,
committed himself to preserving energy. It was by using existing technology efficiently whilst running a consulting
firm that Harry not only craved to conserve energy, but also wished to solve various energy-related problems. Hence,
the role of Harry Bergson in deciphering and resolving energy crisis was instrumental indeed.

33. Monkey / Computer Software / Typing / Monkey Theorem ​(65 ​Words​)

The talk delineates how long it takes for a monkey to write the six-letter word “Monkey”. It is by using advanced
computer software that monkeys can write the word within a day or so, whereas with the use of conventional
typewriters, it took them nearly a decade to perform the same task. Hence, the role of state-of-the-art technology in
developing monkey theory is instrumental indeed.

34. ATM machines ​(69 ​Words​)

The talk delineates the significance of introducing new automated teller machines, where a person cannot get cash
out until they remove their card. It was by restructuring the old machines that the UK government not only avoided
such problems as losing one’s ATM card and jeopardising their financial security, but also protected their privacy.
Hence, the role of the reprogrammed ATMs in addressing the aforementioned issues was instrumental indeed.

35. British Museums ​(70 ​Words​)

The talk delineates an unfortunate experience of a woman, who visited the British Museum and Exhibition Centre to
congratulate her son. It was by writing this pitiful incident in a magazine’s column that she not only expressed her
unpleasant feeling of being thrown out of the museum, but also learned about the families receiving similar
treatment. Hence, the impact of this event in causing resentment and indignation was far-reaching indeed.

36. Fiction/Non-Fiction/Secret Life of Bees ​(67 ​Words​)

The talk delineates how a non-fiction novelist switched to writing fiction. It was by taking inspiration from a famous
fiction writer from Mississippi that the writer not only completed the first chapter of her book named ‘The Secret Life
of Bees’, but also fulfilled her long-cherished dream of writing fiction. Hence, the role of passion and motivation in
helping the writer pursue her life-goals was instrumental indeed.

37. Primary Colours/Sources ​(70 ​Words​)

The talk delineates the natural sources of such colours as red, yellow and blue. It is by studying these primary colours
that experts have not only established that red colour is derived from insects and soil whereas yellow is sourced from
plants, but also concluded that blue colour has indigo as its sole natural source. Hence, the role of nature in
bestowing us with such vivid colours is instrumental indeed.
38. Fossil Fuels ​(66 ​Words​)

The talk delineates the significance of switching from fossil fuel to other alternative sources of energy. It is by being
available in finite quantities that this unsustainable source has not only already exhausted in many countries, thus
making them dependent on other countries, but also contributed to adverse climate changes. Hence, the role of
switching to alternative sources in helping sustain the environment is instrumental indeed.

39. Language Development ​(60 ​Words​)

The talk delineates how a language develops or grows over time. According to the lecture, it is by repeating
something that holds significance that people from different cultures not only introduce new phrases and trends, but
also express the uniqueness of each word in every language. Hence, the role of repetition in the evolution of a
language is instrumental indeed.

40. Small language / Extinguish /Globalisation​ ​(62 words)

The talk delineates how various small languages are dying out around the globe at an alarming rate. It is by facing a
number of adverse trends from globalisation to urbanisation that the small languages are not only getting influenced
by the mainstream languages, but also extinguishing at an unprecedented rate. Hence, the impact of globalisation in
crushing smaller languages is far-reaching indeed.

41. Humour / Jokes / Berlin Wall ​(68 ​Words​)

The talk delineates the significance of medicinal powers of laughter during wartime. It was by making use of war
jokes about Berlin Wall that western countries such as Russia, Egypt and Iran not only healed the trauma caused by
the Second World War, but also helped people get through the arduous time. Hence, the role of laughing in shaking
off the stress of war-torn people was instrumental indeed.

42. Social Contract ​(62 ​Words​)

The talk delineates the significance of the Social Contract Theory which is responsible for dispute resolution. It is by
solving social conflicts that this theory not only helps an individual follow the rule of law, but also provides a
framework for interaction between an individual and the government. Hence, the role of the aforementioned theory
in shaping human behaviour is instrumental indeed.

43. Similarities between Music and Language ​(68 ​Words​)

The talk delineates the relationship between music and language. It is by understanding the commonalities between
music and language, studied by experts from Plato to Darwin, that the speaker has not only identified such common
grounds as complex sequences and syntax, but also observed similarities in melody and rhythm. Hence, the role of
emerging studies in gaining insight into the aforementioned conventional modes of communication is instrumental
indeed.
44. Child Depression ​(​70 Words​)

The talk delineates child depression, which was first discovered in the 16th century. It is by conducting research that
experts have not only found depression compounding threat to life especially for the ones suffering from heart
diseases and diabetes, but also underscored the varied responses of children to its medical treatment. Hence, the
role of the aforementioned research in acknowledging the gravity of depression as an illness is instrumental indeed.

45. Influence of Architecture ​(​70 Words​)

The talk delineates the influence of architecture on one’s state of mind. It was by observing the shabby buildings in
London that the speaker not only asserted their adverse impact on people’s moods, but also highlighted an
architect’s view that “beauty lies in the eyes of the beholder”. Hence, the role of the aforementioned approach in
gaining an insight into the relationship between architecture and one’s emotions is instrumental indeed.

46. Body Fat Challenge ​(66 ​Words​)

The talk delineates a challenge conducted by Canadian researchers on body fat. It was by providing 31-women
volunteers with a healthy regime that researchers found inconsequential results where some subjects lost significant
weight while others failed to do so, thanks to possible cheating and subconscious dislike for the challenge. Hence, the
role of the aforementioned experiment in comprehending the dynamics of weight loss is instrumental indeed.

47. Fishing In Africa ​(66 ​Words​)

The talk delineates the relationship between fishing - the sole tourist attraction, and vocation in Africa. It is by failing
to obtain healthy numbers of fish which is a great source of protein, either for self-consumption or trade that African
people have found themselves in destitute poverty. Hence, the impact of insufficient means of sustenance on the
economic development of people in Africa is far-reaching indeed.

48. Study of Genes ​(66 ​Words​)

The talk delineates the significance of genetics in the evolution of mankind. It is by studying genes that researchers
have not only found them to be a prominent determinant for one’s physical features but also unravelled their
pertinence in regards to one’s psychological behaviour. Hence, the role of genetics in helping other such scientific
fields as biology, psychology and sociology gain useful insights is instrumental indeed.

49. Housing in Australia ​(63 ​Words​)

The talk delineates the astronomical rise in housing prices in Australia. It is by studying the real estate market that
the speaker has enumerated the impetus for this increase, ranging from economic growth and stricter home loan
policies to immigration and purchasing power of prospective buyers. Hence, the impact of the aforementioned
factors in making the houses dearer in Australia is far-reaching indeed.
50. Science/CBAM/Water Purification ​(70 ​Words​)

The talk delineates how to apply science to deal with everyday problems. It is by running a program using CBAM that
scientists have been able to make great strides in providing purified water in developed countries, although there is
still a long way to go when it comes to solving this global concern. Hence, the role of nanotechnology in helping
scientists solve day-to-day issues of the world is instrumental indeed.

51. The Big Bang Theory ​(65 ​Words​)

The talk delineates the proof of the age of universe. It is by holding various scientific experiments about this
not-so-well-known phenomenon in the scientific community that scientists have not only learned that the universe is
expanding constantly, but also proved it to be 13.7 billion years old. Hence, the role of the aforementioned
experiments in determining the exact age of our universe is instrumental indeed.

52. Memory/ Implicit/ Explicit ​(67 ​Words​)

The talk delineates different types of memories. It is by studying human behaviour that experts have categorised
memory into two types: the implicit memory which is stored and recalled unconsciously such as language learning,
and the explicit memory which requires conscious effort from a person and deals with personal information. Hence,
the role of the aforementioned study in understanding the mechanism of human memory is instrumental indeed.

53. Similarities between Journals and History Papers ​(62 ​Words​)

The talk delineates the similarities between journals and history papers. It is by focusing on such factors as
dependence on resource and evidence, attention to logic, style and writing that academic writers have resulted in a
similar standard for the writing mediums. Hence, the role of this approach in making both, journals and history
papers similar by academic writers is instrumental indeed.

54. Epidemic Transmission ​(68 ​Words​)

The talk delineates the efforts to control epidemic transmission and the problems facing this initiative. It is by
researching vigorously that scientists have concluded that although developed countries like the US have prevented
many epidemics from spreading using antiviral drugs, developing countries are still struggling to ameliorate this issue.
Hence, the impact of inadequate medical technologies in hindering the management of this phenomenon in
emerging nations is far-reaching indeed.

55. Human Rights Law/ The UK ​(70 ​Words​)

The talk delineates the significant role of the UK in setting up of the Human Rights Law. It was by announcing human
rights, from marriage right and right to vote to free religion and free trade immediately after the Second World War
that Britain established minimum standards for the contemporary human rights. Hence, the role of the UK’s initiative
in providing a baseline for the said legislation was instrumental indeed.
56. Happiness ​(62 ​Words​)

The talk delineates different factors contributing to one’s happiness. It was by conducting a survey that surveyors
concluded that such core factors as employment, marital status, health along with environmental factors like quality
of life play an imperative role in deciding one’s emotional state. Hence, the role of the aforementioned survey in
shedding useful light on this subject was instrumental indeed.

57. Sign Language/ Symbols ​(65 ​Words​)

The talk delineates the importance of symbols in the development of a language. It is by studying the journey of a
language that scientists have realised that sign language is not only used by people but also by computers in the form
of abstraction in order to facilitate the growth of a language. Hence, the role of signs in helping a language grow is
instrumental indeed.

58. Risk/ Safety/ Definition ​(69 ​Words​)

The talk delineates the different approaches to define the terms: Risk and Safety. It is by considering these
approaches that one can not only define risk as the state of being in imminent danger or as the possibility of the
same, but also pin safety as the condition of being safe. Hence, the role of the aforementioned perspectives in
providing a better understanding of these concepts is instrumental indeed.

59. Incorrect Medicines ​(56 ​Words​)

The talk delineates the reasons for and grave consequences of ingesting incorrect medicines. It is by studying the
accidents involving incorrect drugs that doctors have enumerated the reasons ranging from mistakes by underage
children to incorrect prescriptions to incorrect dosages due to resistance. Hence, the role of precautionary
instructions in avoiding serious accidents is instrumental indeed.

60. Earthquake/ Epicentre ​(64 ​Words​)

The talk delineates the intricacies related to earthquakes. It is by studying the passing of seismic waves through the
faults that experts can not only locate the hypocenter lying beneath the Earth’s crust, but also pinpoint the epicentre
which is vertically above the focus on the Earth’s surface. Hence, the role of this study in sharing insights about this
natural phenomenon is instrumental indeed.

61. French Revolution/ Ideologies/ Left and Right Podium ​(68 ​Words​)

The talk delineates the evolution of diverse schools of economic thought, namely communism and socialism, during
the French Revolution. It was by conducting an assembly that the sovereigns were able to identify that the people
seated on the left supported the current doctrine, while the ones seated on the right demanded change. Hence, the
role of the aforementioned Congress in identifying which dogma should prevail was instrumental indeed.