COMMUNITY BUILDING ASSIGNMENT

TASK WEEK 1 TO 7

ANSWERS

1. A. What is the definition of community development?

Community development a process where community members come together to take collective action and
generate solutions to common problems and as a practice based profession and an academic discipline

B. Why is it important for a country and what is the purpose?

Community development purposes are to achieve participatory democracy, sustainable development, rights,
economic opportunity, equality and social justice. Community development is important for a country because it plays
a special role in overcoming poverty and disadvantage, tighten society together, and deepening democracy.

2. Explain the various principles that exist in community development!

1.) Integrated development

Development in social, economy, cultural, environment, and spiritual as community’s important aspects

2.) Confronting structural disadvantage

Class, genders, and ethnic diversity often become obstacles in community development

3.) Human rights

Understand and perform commitment to human rights

4.) Sustainability

Sustainability is important for ecological approach

5.) Empowerment

Encourages people to meet their needs and aspirations in a self-aware and informed way which takes
advantage of their skills, experience and potential to change and grow better

6.) Personal and political

Relationship between person and their political views, individuals and society structure, also personal problems
and public issues are main elements in community development

7.) Community ownership

Ownership that includes ownership of properties and ownership of structure and process

8.) Self reliance

Community must utilize their resources and not depending themselves on third parties in the form of financial,
technical, and resources

9.) Independence from the state

No longer using assistance from government since community development program has been conducted for a
long time

10.) Immediate goals and ultimate visions

Create clear goals

 11.) Organic development

Organic development often described as growth of a plant

12.) The pace of development

Organic development has natural consequences are in need of steps of assurance in community development

13.) External expertise

External processes or structures rarely work well

14.) Community building

Community development must aim at building themselves

15.) Process and outcome

Emphasizing the process and results is important

16.) The integrity of process

The process used in community development is as important as results

17.) Non violence

This on-violence has more implications than having no physical violence among the community

18.) Inclusiveness

Part of non-violence principle

19.) Consensus

Consensus in decision making must be applied as much as possible

20.) Co-operation

Ecological perspectives and non-violent approach emphasize the need for cooperative structures rather than
competitive structures

21.) Participation

Volunteers and community members are integral to the decision-making, evaluation, provision, participation and
direction setting at all levels of Community Development practice.

22.) Defining need

Community development must be able to find common ground between various community needs.

3. A. What are the differences between inputs, outputs, effects, and impacts?

1.) Input

The financial, human, and material resources used for the development intervention

2.) Outputs

The products, capital goods, and services which result from a development intervention and may also
include changes resulting from the intervention which are relevant to the achievement of outcomes.

3.) Effects
 A change which is a result or consequence of an action or other cause\

4.) Impacts

Positive and negative, primary and secondary long-term effects produced by a development intervention,
directly or indirectly, intended or unintended

B. Example of idea of community development program

Conducting partnership-based training with local government to educate community in optimizing their
resources and skills resulting in many benefits for community

4. Explain community based training! (including the steps)

Community-based training is an approach to provide training for the poorer population in urban and rural areas
and is strongly oriented towards local requirements.
Steps in community based training:
1.) Organizing plan
2.) Counting economic probabilities and identifying necessary training
3.) Training preparation and organizing
4.) Training
5.) Monitoring and evaluating program
6.) Post training

5. A. Explain the understanding of community and organization

1.) Community
Community is a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common.
2.) Organization
Organization is an entity comprising multiple people, such as an institution or an association, that has a
particular purpose.

B. What is the difference between the two?

Community has core commonality and wide variations in specific hopes and intentions with shared
activities that requires coordinated action without rigid form meanwhile organization has a clear common
intention which is the foundation of coordinating action and less room for differences and free expression

6. A. Give the details about community organizing

1.) Definition

Community organizing is the process of people coming together to address issues that matter to them.

2.) Purposes

a. To enable coastal communities become more aware of their situation and their environment and to
realize their collective abilities and responsibility to manage themselves and their environment in a
sustainable manner.

b. To provide opportunity for participation of men and women in decisions and actions that will affect their
lives, thus developing a sense of ownership and collective responsibility for such decisions and
actions.
 c. To strengthen community capacity to access internal and external funds to support viable and
sustainable socioeconomic projects.

d. To enable a community to link and form alliances for advocacy and technology sharing.

e. To build and sustain permanent organizational structures for resource management.

3.) Steps

a. Identify the issue

Information about the problems that exist in community is gathered by conducting hundreds of
personal interviews with local people. The problem is then narrowed down and particular solutions are
identified.

b. Get the background information on the issue

Gather more background information of an issue, find people holding power in community to help
bringing changes. Ideas about thing that will be needed to bring about these changes are especially
essential.

c. Define the goal

The agenda is to clarify the actual goal in terms of solving the issue and goals for the group itself.

d. Plan the strategy

With the goal in place, the group can then proceed towards identifying the possible supporters
and opponents, the target group for of the campaign, and then possible tactics which could be
employed to bring about change. This requires an analysis of the power and what power the target has
vs. the power of the group.

e. Get support

Community based training main source of power is people. It is important for local people to get
involved through the processes

f. Take action

The process for implementation of plans will need to be adapted to each country, their culture and
conditions.

g. Assess results

By assessing actions and strategies, the planners can determine whether the programs are
successful or not and to be continued or not

h. Modify strategy

Changes must be made and those involved must be prepared to do the work required

4.) Methods

a. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)

b. Participatory Research and Development (PRD)

c. Participatory learning Method (PLM)

d. Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA)

e. Methodology Participatory Assessment (MPA)

B. Why is it matter in community development?

 Community organizing is important because members of the community can analyze their problems and
sort it based on priority. The programs then made based on top priority to solve and fulfill community’s need.
Without community organizing, community development can’t be carried out since the issues are unknown. Lack
of information on the issues makes chance of the program being rejected is higher.

7. A. What is meant by participation in various senses?

Participation is a mental and emotional involvement as well as physical participants in responding to

activities that carried out in learning process and support the achievement of goals and take responsibilities for
their involvement

B. What is the urgency of participation in the context of development?

1.) As a tool to gain information

2.) As a trust

3.) As a democratic right – match with Man Centered

4.) As helper tool of development process – development is directed at improving human’s life

C. Why the level of participation can determine whether a program is successful or not?
Involvement of community participation during carrying the program out is important because they’ll obtain
connection with the final result and not feeling belittled because their ideas are listened, considered, and/or
included. Also, the community will gain sense of responsibility and ownership on the implemented programs.
Results of people’s participation will be announced, making community knows clearly the programs and
recognize their benefits, then makes the implementation successful. Conclusion is, the higher the level of
community participation is more likely benefits are obtained and can increase success rate of the program
implementation.

8. A. What are the barriers to participation?

1.) Lack of understanding and awareness

2.) Lack of accessible transportation

3.) Limited opportunities

4.) Limited access to information and resources

5.) Limiting psychological and sociological factors

6.) Boundaries of social relationship

B. How to make people willing to participate?

1.) Distributing and announcing the information frequently
2.) Making location accessible
3.) Seeking advice and information about local community routine
4.) Placing piece of information at high-traffic rate place
5.) Involving itself inside the community
6.) Treating and respecting members of community evenly

9. A. What are the principles of RRA and PRA?

1.) RRA
a. Learning rapidly and progressively, with flexible use of methods, opportunism, improvisation

b. Offsetting the biases

c. Learning from and with rural people directly face-to-face
 d. Triangulating, meaning using more than one, and often three, methods or sources to cross check
e. Optimizing, relating costs of learning to the useful truth of information, with trade-offs between quantity,
relevance, accuracy, and timeliness
f. Critical self-awareness
2.) PRA
a. Let the communities lead the discussion
b. Self-critical awareness
c. Personal responsibility
d. Sharing between community and facilitator
B. Give a clear explanation of the differences between the two!
Main difference between PRA and RRA is how they gather information. Source of information in PRA
method are from locals and gathered by asking or interviewing. Those information then weighed to determine
the problem and way to solve it. Unlike PRA, RRA method doesn’t involve locals’ opinion. Information gathering
of RRA is conducted by surveying every aspects of the community then proceed to plan making without asking
with locals.

10. A. Which one better between RRA and PRA for community development?
PRA is better than RRA based on information gathering method. PRA method is using community members
opinion to decide future plans which RRA method is lacked of. RRA method is used for fast development program
with short time span. Excluding locals’ opinion in RRA method will create an obstacle to achieve its main goal which
is rapid development. Counting locals’ opinion like PRA does matter because they’ll feel sense of ownership and feel
sense of achievement with that method.
B. Can both be a method of research ?
Yes but RRA is more suitable for rapid development such as one day training and PRA Is more suitable for long
time development. Consequence of RRA is there’s no guarantee the program is being continued or not as RRA is a
short program and not asking the root of problems from community which means it is not eliminating problems
thoroughly. RRA is better if the community can’t analyze their own problems.