This document describes two-port networks and their parameters. It begins by defining a two-port network as a network with no independent sources and only two independent variables. It then provides examples of common two-port networks and describes the main two-port network parameters - admittance parameters (y-parameters), impedance parameters (z-parameters), hybrid parameters, and transmission parameters. The document focuses on calculating the y-parameters and z-parameters for example networks by short-circuiting and opening ports. It demonstrates finding the y-parameters and z-parameters for a sample two-port pi network.
This document describes two-port networks and their parameters. It begins by defining a two-port network as a network with no independent sources and only two independent variables. It then provides examples of common two-port networks and describes the main two-port network parameters - admittance parameters (y-parameters), impedance parameters (z-parameters), hybrid parameters, and transmission parameters. The document focuses on calculating the y-parameters and z-parameters for example networks by short-circuiting and opening ports. It demonstrates finding the y-parameters and z-parameters for a sample two-port pi network.
This document describes two-port networks and their parameters. It begins by defining a two-port network as a network with no independent sources and only two independent variables. It then provides examples of common two-port networks and describes the main two-port network parameters - admittance parameters (y-parameters), impedance parameters (z-parameters), hybrid parameters, and transmission parameters. The document focuses on calculating the y-parameters and z-parameters for example networks by short-circuiting and opening ports. It demonstrates finding the y-parameters and z-parameters for a sample two-port pi network.
This document describes two-port networks and their parameters. It begins by defining a two-port network as a network with no independent sources and only two independent variables. It then provides examples of common two-port networks and describes the main two-port network parameters - admittance parameters (y-parameters), impedance parameters (z-parameters), hybrid parameters, and transmission parameters. The document focuses on calculating the y-parameters and z-parameters for example networks by short-circuiting and opening ports. It demonstrates finding the y-parameters and z-parameters for a sample two-port pi network.
University of the Philippines - Diliman Definition of Two-Port Networks I1 I2
+ + V1 Two-port V2 Port 1 network Port 2 _ _
§ In general, we describe a two-port network as a
network consisting of R, L, and C elements, op- amps, transformers, and dependent sources, but no independent sources. § Only two of the four variables are independent, and the specification of any two of them determines the remaining two. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering - 2 Examples of Two-Port Networks
L - network Series
Pi network Shunt Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering - 3 Examples of Two-Port Networks
Lattice T network
Bridged T Twin T Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering - 4 Two-Port Network Parameters I1 I2
+ + V1 Two-port V2 Port 1 network Port 2 _ _
Parameters of the two-port completely describe
its behavior in terms of the voltage and current at each port. w Permits us to describe its operation when it is connected to a larger network. w Important in modeling electronic devices and system components. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering - 5 Two-Port Parameters
parameters or the z-parameters • The coefficients are dimensionally impedance
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Impedance Parameters
⎡V1 ⎤ ⎡ z11 z12 ⎤ ⎡ I1 ⎤
⎢V ⎥ = ⎢ z ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎣ 21 z22 ⎦ ⎣ I 2 ⎦ V1 V1 z11 = z12 = I1 I I2 I 2 =0 1 =0
V2 V2 z21 = z22 = I1 I I2 I 2 =0 1 =0
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I1 I2 Example: Find the Z-parameters of the + 2 3 + two-port network on V1 6 V2 the right. - -
Method 1: Using the definitions,
V1 V2 z11 = z21 = I1 I I1 I 2 =0 2 =0
z11 = 2 + 6 = 8 Ω
z21 = 6 Ω
V1 V2 z12 z22 = = I2 I I2 I 1 =0 1 =0
z22 = 3 + 6 = 9 Ω z22 = 6 Ω
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Method 2: By writing loop equations,
+ 2 3 + V1 I1 6 I2 V2 - -
V1 = 2I1 + 6(I1 + I2 ) = 8I1 + 6I2
V2 = 3I2 + 6(I1 + I2 ) = 6I1 + 9I2
Therefore,
z11 = 8, z12 = 6, z21 = 6 and z22 = 9
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Relationship Between Y- and Z-parameters ⎡I1 ⎤ ⎡ V1 ⎤ Let I = ⎢ ⎥ and V = ⎢ ⎥ ⎣I2 ⎦ ⎣V2 ⎦ We know ⎡I1 ⎤ ⎡y11 y12 ⎤ ⎡ V1 ⎤ ⎢I ⎥ = ⎢y ⎥ ⎢V ⎥ I = YV y ⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎣ 21 22 ⎦ ⎣ 2 ⎦ Solving for V: V = Y-1I ⎡ V1 ⎤ ⎡z11 z12 ⎤ ⎡I1 ⎤ ⎢V ⎥ = ⎢z V = ZI ⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎣ 21 z22 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣I2 ⎥⎦ Therefore, −1 −1 ⎡z11 z12 ⎤ ⎡y11 y12 ⎤ Z=Y or ⎢ ⎥ = ⎢ ⎥ z z y y ⎣ 21 22 ⎦ ⎣ 21 22 ⎦ Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering - 18 Hybrid Parameters • Also known as H-parameters • Often used to model the small signal behavior of bipolar junction transistors V1 = h11I1 + h12 V2 I2 = h21I1 + h22 V2 I1 h11 Ω I2
+ + + V1 h12V2 h22 S V2 _ _ h21I1 _
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I1 V2 g12 = g22 = I2 V1 = 0 I2 V1 = 0 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering - 22 Transmission Parameters • The transmission parameters relate the voltage and current at one port of the network with those of the other end.
V1 = t11V2 − t12I2 V1 = AV2 − BI2
or I1 = t21V2 − t22I2 I1 = CV2 − DI2
• The transmission parameters are also known as the
chain parameters, general circuit parameters, or ABCD parameters
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Transmission Parameters
V1 = AV2 − BI2 I1 = CV2 − DI2 1 V2 1 I2 1 V2 1 I2 = − = = − = A V1 I B V1 C I1 I D I1 2 =0 V2 = 0 2 =0 V2 = 0
1/A - open-circuit voltage gain
-1/B - short-circuit transfer admittance 1/C - open-circuit transfer impedance -1/D - short-circuit current gain Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering - 24 The t-parameters are useful in describing two-port networks which are connected in cascade. I1 I1a I2a I1b I2b I2
+ + + + + + Aa Ba Ab Bb V1 V1a V2a V1b V2b V2 Ca Da Cb Db _ _ _ _ _ _
⎡ V1a ⎤ ⎡ A a B a ⎤ ⎡ V2a ⎤ ⎡ V1b ⎤ ⎡ Ab Bb ⎤ ⎡ V2b ⎤
⎢ I ⎥ = ⎢ C D ⎥ ⎢ − I ⎥ ⎢ I ⎥ = ⎢ C D ⎥ ⎢ − I ⎥ ⎣ 1a ⎦ ⎣ a a ⎦ ⎣ 2a ⎦ ⎣ 1b ⎦ ⎣ b b ⎦ ⎣ 2b ⎦
⎡ V2a ⎤ ⎡ V1b ⎤ ⎡ V1a ⎤ ⎡ A a B a ⎤ ⎡ A b Bb ⎤ ⎡ V2b ⎤
but ⎢ ⎥ = ⎢ ⎥ so ⎢ I ⎥ = ⎢ C D ⎥ ⎢ C D ⎥ ⎢− I ⎥ ⎣- I2a ⎦ ⎣ I1b ⎦ ⎣ 1a ⎦ ⎣ a a ⎦ ⎣ b b ⎦ ⎣ 2b ⎦ Therefore, in ⎡V1 ⎤ ⎡A B ⎤ ⎡ V2 ⎤ ⎡A B ⎤ ⎡A a Ba ⎤ ⎡Ab Bb ⎤ ⎢ I ⎥ = ⎢C D⎥ ⎢− I ⎥ , ⎢C D⎥ = ⎢C D ⎥ ⎢C D ⎥ ⎣ 1 ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ a a ⎦ ⎣ b b ⎦ Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering - 25 Inverse Transmission Parameters
• Also known as ABCD parameters
V2 = A' V1 − B' I1 I2 = C' V1 − D' I1
• For passive networks,
AD - BC = A D - B C = 1
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