LOGIC
CLASSIFICATION OF TERMS B. According to Extension
1. Singular – it expresses a single object
only
Philippines
A. According to Comprehension My father
1. Simple – it expresses only one conceptual This book
note. That computer
Examples:
Truth – conformity between the intellect 2. Universal – it represents not only a
and the thing class as a whole but also each member
Being – an existential thing of the class
Falsity – non-conformity between the Table, chair, stone, plat, glass, pen, girl
intellect and the thing
3. Particular – it represents only a part of
2. Compound – it expresses more than one the universal whether it is definite or
conceptual note indefinite
Man may be expressed as – rational animal Many books, three kings, few guests,
Human being
several trees
Person
Supposit
4. Collective – it represents a number of
God as – Infinite
Prime Mover things constitution a unit-group or
Intelligent Designer whole
Uncaused Cause Family, choir, band, fleet, team
3. Concrete – it expresses something which
has attributes that are capable of being
perceived through the senses.
C. According to Origin
1. Immediate – (intuitive) it is formed
Examples – ball, can, desk, shirt, stone,
from the direct perception or things
table
Chair, cars, chirping of birds, falling rain,
hot water
4. Abstract – it expresses something as 2. Mediate – (abstractive) it is formed
separated from any single object. It through the mediation of other ideas
denotes the general attributes of many God, life of Gandhi, human soul,
objects. philosophy
Examples – fear, happiness, heights,
knowledge, perfection
D. According to Relation
1. Compatible – those that can co-exist
in a subject
Wise and good
rich and famous
Beauty and brain
tall, dark, and handsome
2. Incompatible – those that cannot
c. Privative – two opposed ideas, one
coexist in a subject. They exclude each
of which expresses a perfection, and
other. There are four kinds of
the other its lack which ought to be
incompatible ideas:
possessed.
a. Contradictory – those that express
Sight – blindness
a positive and negative concept.
hearing – deafness
Contradictories are mutually good - evil
exclusive that the affirmation of one Truth – error
is the denial of the other. Between wealth – poverty
them, there is no third (middle)
possibility. d. Correlative – two opposed ideas
Equal – unequal that bear mutual relation to one
black – non-black another such that one cannot be
Good – not good understood without the other. They
life – death imply each other because one
depends on the other.
b. Contrary – those that express Cause – effect
extremes belonging to the same whole - part
class. Between these ideas, there is Husband – wife
a third (middle) ground. parent – child
Rich – poor high - low
Hot – cold kind – cruel
E. According to Meaning
1. Univocal – a term that carries the
same meaning in its several uses.
Animal when predicated of a dog and a
cat has exactly the same meaning
Polygon when predicated of a triangle
and a square has exactly the same
meaning
2. Equivocal – a term that carries a
different meaning in its different uses.
The term may be equivocal:
a. Only in pronunciation
Sweet – suite sun – son
reign – rain Weak – week Clarity, temperance, scandal,
deer – dear queue – cue unemployment, chair, table
b. In pronunciation and spelling 2. Logical – it is used as a conceptual
Trunk of a tree, of a car, of an device to facilitate learning
elephant Subject, predicate, classifications,
Bank where money is deposited or division, phyla, genera
withdrawn, or the river
3. Imaginary – it has no correspondence
3. Analogous – a term that carries a in reality but is merely a concoction of
meaning in some ways different, and in the mind
some ways the same Spiderman
Good – good cement, good job, good flying carpet
medicine, good food Darna
Head – head of the family, head of a Talking tree
man
F. According to Quality
1. Positive in form, positive in meaning
Life, justice, truth, freedom
2. Positive in form, negative in meaning
Death, evil, error, misery, cruelty
3. Negative in form, negative in
meaning
Illegal, impolite, incompetent, dishonest
4. Negative in form, positive in meaning
Immortal, infinite, blameless
G. According to Object
1. Real – it expresses something that has
existential actuality, whether positive or
negative
