Scribd
Upload
56 views26 pages

Induction Motors

The document summarizes the construction and operating principles of 3-phase induction motors. It describes how 3-phase currents in the stator windings generate a rotating magnetic field that causes the rotor to turn. Squirrel cage and wound rotor designs are discussed. Equivalent circuits are presented to model power flow and develop the torque-slip equation. Methods for determining motor parameters from tests are also outlined.

Uploaded by

fajar888
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
56 views26 pages

Induction Motors

The document summarizes the construction and operating principles of 3-phase induction motors. It describes how 3-phase currents in the stator windings generate a rotating magnetic field that causes the rotor to turn. Squirrel cage and wound rotor designs are discussed. Equivalent circuits are presented to model power flow and develop the torque-slip equation. Methods for determining motor parameters from tests are also outlined.

Uploaded by

fajar888
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

3-Phase Induction Motors

EE 340
Where does the power go?
• The electric energy generated purchased by
consumers for different needs. This energy is
converted to different forms:
– Lighting (indoor/outdoor – CFL, incandescent,
LED, Halogen…)
– Heating (electric water heaters, clothes dryers,
electric stoves and ovens)
– power supply of electronic devices (computers,
TV, DVD, battery chargers, home automation,
etc…)
– Industrial (arc furnaces, welders, manufacturing
processes….)
– Conversion to mechanical power by motors
(pumps, fans, HVAC, refrigeration – compressors,
power tools, food processors, escalators,
elevators, ….)
Types of Electric Motors
3-Phase induction machine construction
• 3 stator windings (uniformly
distributed as in a synchronous
generator)
• Two types of rotor:
– Squirrel cage
– Wound rotor (with slip rings)
The rotating magnetic field
• The basic idea of an electric motor is to generate two magnetic fields:
rotor magnetic field and stator magnetic field and make the stator field
rotating. The rotor will constantly be turning to align its magnetic field
with that of the stator field.
• The 3-phase set of currents, each of equal magnitude and with a phase
difference of 120o, flow in the stator windings and generate a rotating
field will constant magnitude.
The rotating magnetic field
• Consider a two-pole. The 3-phase stator coils
are placed 120o apart. Once connected to the
source, the currents in three coils will be
balanced and symmetrical,

• The magnetic flux density generated by these


currents stator at any arbitrary moment is
given by
The rotating magnetic field
• The net magnetic field has a constant magnitude and rotates
counterclockwise at the angular velocity ω.
• The stator rotating magnetic field can be represented by a
spinning magnet.

1
• For a two pole machine, f e ( Hz)  f m (rps)  ns (rpm)
60
p p
• For a p-pole machine, f e ( Hz)  f m (rps)  ns (rpm)
2 120
Principle of Operation

• https://www.electrical4u.com/working-
principle-of-three-phase-induction-motor/
Per-phase equivalent circuit
• Motor Slip ns  nm
s
ns
• R1 and R2: stator and rotor winding resistances
• X1 and X2: stator and rotor winding leakage reactances
• Xm: magnetizing reactance
• Rc: core loss resistance
• Rotor winding parameters are referred to the stator side
Power flow diagram

P SCL 3I12 R1
pcore  3E12 / RC
PAG  3I 22 ( R2 / S )
PRCL  3I 22 R2
Pconv  PAG  PRCL  3I 22 [ R2 (1  S ) / S ]
Simplified per-phase equivalent circuit
• Core loss is embedded with friction, windage and stray-load loss
P SCL 3I12 R1
PRCL  3I 22 R2
PAG  3I 22 ( R2 / S )  indsync
Pconv  PAG  PRCL  3I 22 R2 (1  S ) / S   indm
Thevenin equivalent circuit
and torque-slip equation

XM XM
VTH  V , X TH  X 1 , RTH  R1 ( )2
X1  X M X1  X M
2
PAG 3VTH R2 / S
 ind  
sync sync ( RTH  R2 / S ) 2  ( X TH  X 2 ) 2 
Torque-speed curve
2
PAG 3VTH R2 / S
 ind  
sync sync ( RTH  R2 / S ) 2  ( X TH  X 2 ) 2 

Operating region:
≈ linear curve
Effect of varying rotor resistance
(by adding external resistance to wound rotor)
Motor speed control by variable frequency (VFD)
Determining motor circuit parameters
• DC Test (or use Ohm-meter)

Measuring V, I → R1

• Locked-rotor Test

Measuring Vφ, I1, P, Q


→ R1+R2, X1+X2

• No-load Test

Measuring Vφ, I1, P, Q


→ R1, X1+Xm
Rules of thumb for dividing stator and rotor leakage
reactances
• Cross section of squirrel cage rotor bars (NEMA Class A,B,C,D)
Motor Specifications
Problems

• 7.4
• 7.5
• 7.7*, 7.8, 7.10
• 7.14, 7.15
• 7.18
• 7.19

You might also like