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Tutorial 2 - Drying PDF

This document contains 10 problems related to drying operations. The problems involve calculating drying rates and times under various conditions using parameters like heat transfer coefficients, moisture contents, air velocities and temperatures, surface areas, and latent heats of vaporization.

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Salihah Abdullah
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252 views

Tutorial 2 - Drying PDF

This document contains 10 problems related to drying operations. The problems involve calculating drying rates and times under various conditions using parameters like heat transfer coefficients, moisture contents, air velocities and temperatures, surface areas, and latent heats of vaporization.

Uploaded by

Salihah Abdullah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CPB 20104 Mass Transfer 2

CPB 20104 MASS TRANSFER 2


TUTORIAL 2

DRYING OPERATIONS

1. Air of 20oC and I bar with relative humidity of 80% is heated to 50oC. The
heated air flows along a flat tray filled with completely wetted material.
The heat transfer coefficient is 35 W/m2.K and the latent heat of
vaporization is 2.45 x 106 J/kg. Calculate the constant drying rate.
[R = 3.43 x 10-4 kg/m2.s]

2. A wet solid with a moisture content of 0.50 kg H 2O/kg dry solid occupies
0.1 m2 on a flat tray. A laboratory experiment shows that the critical
moisture content is 0.2 kg H2O/kg dry solid and the constant drying rate
is 0.36 g/m2.s. Calculate the time required to reduce the moisture
content of the wet solid on the tray containing 2 kg of dry solid from 0.40
to 0.20 kg H2O/kg dry solid.
[3.09hr]

3. A porous solid is dried in a batch dryer under constant drying


conditions. 5 hours are required to reduce the moisture content from 35
to 10 percent. The critical moisture content was found to be 20 percent
and the equilibrium moisture 4 percent. All moisture contents are on the
dry basis. Assuming that the rate of drying during the falling-rate period
is proportional to the free-moisture content, calculate the time required
to dry a sample of the same solid from 35 to 5 percent under the same
drying conditions.
[t = 9.67hr]

4. A granular solid is to be dried in a tunnel dryer from


50% to 10% moisture under identical conditions in 3.0 x 104 s. The
critical and equilibrium moisture contents are 12% and 3%, respectively.
Calculate the time required to dry the solid from 50% moisture to 5%
moisture if all moisture contents quoted are on a dry basis.
[t = 7.37hr]

5. A granular insoluble solid material wet with water is being dried in the
constant rate period in a pan 0.61 m x 0.61 m and the depth of material
is 25.4 mm. The sides and bottom are insulated. Air flows perpendicular
to the top surface at a velocity of 3.05 m/s and has a dry bulb
temperature of 60oC and wet bulb temperature of 29.4oC. The pan
contains 11.34 kg of dry solid having a free moisture content of 0.35 kg
H2O/kg dry solid and the material is to be dried in the constant rate
period to 0.22 kg H2O/kg dry solid. Calculate the drying rate and the
time in hours needed.
[R = 1.642 kg/h.m2, t = 2.41h]

FG/T2/July2011
CPB 20104 Mass Transfer 2

6. A slab with a wet weight of 5 kg originally contains 50% moisture (wet


basis). The slab is 600 by 900 by 75 mm thick. The equilibrium moisture
content is 5% of the total weight when in contact with air of 20 oC and
20% humidity. The drying rate is given in Table 1 for contact with air of
the above quality at a definite velocity. Drying is from one face.
Determine the time required to dry the slab to 10% moisture content (wet
basis).

Table 1
Wet – slab weight, kg Drying rate, kg/m2.h
9.1 4.9
7.2 4.9
5.3 4.4
4.2 3.9
3.3 3.4
2.9 2.0
2.7 1.0

7. A wet filter cake in a pan 1 ft x 1 ft square and 1 inch thick is dried on


the top surface with air at wet bulb temperature of 80oF and a dry bulb
of 120oF flowing parallel to the surface at a velocity of 2.5 ft/s. The dry
density of the cake is 150 lbm/ft3 and the critical free moisture content
is 0.09 lb H2O/lb dry solid. How long will it take to dry the material from
a free moisture content of 0.20 lb H2O/lb dry sold to the critical moisture
content?
[t = 17.03h]

8. Slabs of filter cake with a bone-dry density of 1600 kg/m3 are to be dried
from an initial free moisture content of 90% (dry basis) to a final free
moisture content of 5% (dry basis) batchwise in trays that are 1 m long
by 0.5 m wide with a depth of 3 cm. Drying will take place only from the
top surface. The drying air conditions are 1 atm, 60oC and a 39oC wet
bulb temperature. Air flows perpendicular to the top surface at velocity of
3.5 m/s. Experiments under these drying conditions show a critical free
moisture content of 45% (dry basis) with assuming that the drying rate is
a linear with free moisture content through origin. Determine:
a) The drying time for the constant rate period in hours.
b) The drying time for the falling rate period in hours.

9. A wet solid is to be dried in a pan 0.61 m by 0.61 m and the depth of


material is 25.4 mm under constant rate period. The sides and bottom
are insulated. Air flows parallel to the top surface at a velocity of 3.05
m/s and has a dry bulb temperature of 60 oC and wet bulb temperature
of 29.4 oC. The pan contains 11.34 kg of dry solid having a moisture
content of 40% and the material is to be dried in the constant rate period
to the critical moisture content of 20%. The equilibrium moisture was
found to be 4%. All moisture contents are on the dry basis.
a) Calculate the drying rate and the time required in hours.

FG/T2/July2011
CPB 20104 Mass Transfer 2

[R = 1.599 kg/h.m2, t = 3.82hr]

b) Calculate the drying rate and the time needed in hours if the
depth of material is reduced to 12.7 mm.
[R = 1.599 kg/h.m2, t = 1.91hr]

10. A wet solid is dried with air at 60oC and a humidity of 0.010 kg H2O/kg
dry air. The air flows parallel to the flat, wet surface of the solid at a
velocity of 5 m/s. Under these conditions the heat transfer coefficient is
given by h = 14.3( v )0.8, where  is the density of the mist air in kg
moist air per unit volume moist air. The surface area available for heat
exchange with air is 0.25m2 and the latent heat of vaporization is 2.45 x
106 J/kg. Calculate the total amount of water evaporating per unit time.
[R = 1.71 x 10-4 kg/s]

FG/T2/July2011

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