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Lab-6 Numerical Integration Using Matlab: University of Dhaka Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

This document provides instructions and theory for a numerical integration lab using MATLAB. Students are asked to use trapezoid integration methods and MATLAB functions like integral, quad, and quadl to calculate the integrals of various functions. Examples are given to integrate functions like y=x^2 from 0 to 3 and z=x^2y from 0 to 3 and 1 to 2. Students also complete exercises to integrate additional functions numerically over given intervals using trapezoid integration and MATLAB functions.

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115 views5 pages

Lab-6 Numerical Integration Using Matlab: University of Dhaka Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

This document provides instructions and theory for a numerical integration lab using MATLAB. Students are asked to use trapezoid integration methods and MATLAB functions like integral, quad, and quadl to calculate the integrals of various functions. Examples are given to integrate functions like y=x^2 from 0 to 3 and z=x^2y from 0 to 3 and 1 to 2. Students also complete exercises to integrate additional functions numerically over given intervals using trapezoid integration and MATLAB functions.

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কামরান আশরাফ বাবু
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© © All Rights Reserved
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University of Dhaka

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering


EEE-3102: Numerical Technique Laboratory

University of Dhaka
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
EEE-3102: Numerical Technique Laboratory

Section: B-11
Class Roll: SH-073-027
Name:Mahabub-A-Alahi
Date:18-04-2019

Lab-6 Numerical integration using Matlab

Things to do: Read the theory carefully and answer all the questions from Question 1 to Question8
for the given Matlab code. After practicing the matlab example, perform exercise 1 to exercise 3.

Theory for numerical integration:


The integral of a function y = 𝑓(𝑥) is denoted as
b
A   f ( x)dx
a

An integral can be seen as the area (A) under a curve.

Trapezoid rule for numerical integration:


For a function 𝑦=𝑓(𝑥), the approximation of the area (A) under the curve can be found by dividing the
area up to a number of rectangles and then summing the contribution from all the rectangles.
n 1
( yi 1  yi )
A   ( xi 1  xi ).
i 1 2
This process is known as the trapezoid rule.The integral can be approximated using n trapezoids
formed by using straight line segments between the points (xi-1, yi-1) and (xi, yi) for 1 ≤I ≤ n as shown
in the figure below:

AKA/EEE-3102/Laboratory-6/27 March 2018 Page 1


University of Dhaka
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
EEE-3102: Numerical Technique Laboratory

The area of a trapezoid is obtained by adding the area of a rectangle and triangle:

1 (y  y )
A  y0x  ( y1  y0 )x  1 0 x
2 2
Example: Given the function

y  x2
The exact integral of the function is
b
b
 x3  1 3
A   x dx     (b  a3 )
2

a  3 a 3
The integral from a = 0 to b = 3 is
1
A  (33 )  9
3

AKA/EEE-3102/Laboratory-6/27 March 2018 Page 2


University of Dhaka
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
EEE-3102: Numerical Technique Laboratory

Matlab implementation of Trapezoid rule for numerical integration


Trapezoid rule and diff function in matlab can be used to solve the numerical integral of function y =
x2 from 0 to 3:
clear all; close all; clc;
x=0:1:3;
y=x.^2;
avg_y = y(1:length(x)-1) + diff(y)/2;
A = sum(diff(x).*avg_y)

Question1: What is the integral A?


Ans:9.5000
Question2: Run the above code and find the results for x=0:0.5:3; x=0:0.1:3; and x=0:0.01:3;
Ans(for x=0:0.5:3):9.1250
Ans(for x=0:0.1:3):9.0050
Ans(for x=0:0.01:3):9.0000

Question3: Why the results are different? When the results become more accurate?
Ans:The results are different because the value of the x vector,The result has become more accurate
when the step among the values of x vector has taken very small as x=0:0.01:3.
Matlab built-in function for numerical integration:
1. Integral: MATLAB also has a variety of numerical integrators, of which the standard one is
‘integral’. To compute a numerical approximation of the definite integral, we can use the following
command ‘integral(f,a,b)’

Example: To find the numerical integral offunction y  x 2 from 0 to 3, we use the following
command
y=@(x) x.^2;
A=integral(y,0,3)

Question4: What is the value of A obtained after running the above code? Is it accurate?
Ans:9. Yes the value of A obtained after the running the avobe code is accurate.
2. Quadrature: Quadrature is a numerical method used to find the area under the graph of a function,
that is, to compute a definite integral.

AKA/EEE-3102/Laboratory-6/27 March 2018 Page 3


University of Dhaka
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
EEE-3102: Numerical Technique Laboratory

a) Simpson quadrature:‘A=quad(y,a,b)’ tries to approximate the integral of


function y from a to b within an error of 1e-6 using recursive adaptive Simpson quadrature.

Example:To find the numerical integral of function y  x 2 from 0 to 3, we use the following
command:
y=@(x) x.^2;
A=quad(y,0,3)
Question5: What is the value of A obtained after running the above code? Is it accurate?
Ans:9.0000.yes the value is accurate.

b) Lobatto quadrature:A = quadl(y,a,b) approximates the integral of function y from a to b,


to within an error of 10-6 using recursive adaptive Lobatto quadrature.

Example: To find the numerical integral of function y  x 2 from 0 to 3, we use the


following command:
y=@(x) x.^2;
A=quadl(y,0,3)
Question6: What is the value of A obtained after running the above code? Is it accurate?
Ans:9.0000.yes the result is accurate.
c) Double integral: A = dblquad(f,xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax) calls the quad function to evaluate
the double integral of function z=f(x,y) over the rectangle xmin≤ x ≤xmax, ymin≤ y ≤ymax.

Example: To find the numerical integral of function z  x 2 y for 0 ≤ x ≤ 3 and 1 ≤ y ≤ 2,


we use the following command:
z=@(x,y)(x.^2).*y;
A=dblquad(z,0,3,1,2)

Question7: What is the exact integral of function z?


Ans:13.5
Question8: What is the result obtained after running the above code?
Ans:13.5000

AKA/EEE-3102/Laboratory-6/27 March 2018 Page 4


University of Dhaka
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
EEE-3102: Numerical Technique Laboratory

Exercise
Exercise-1: Find the numerical integration of the following function
5
y
x  2x2  x  3
3

from 0 to 5 using (a) trapezoid rule, (b) ‘integral’ matlab function, (c) ‘quad’ matlab function, and (d)
‘quadl’ matlab function.
Ans(a):2.3634
Ans(b):2.3760
Ans(c):2.3760
Ans(d):2.3760

Exercise-2: Find the numerical integration of the following function


y  sin( x 2 )
from 1 to 2 using (a) trapezoid rule, (b) ‘integral’ matlab function, (c) ‘quad’ matlab function, and (d)
‘quadl’ matlab function.
Ans(a):0.7735
Ans(b):0.4945
Ans(c):0.4945
Ans(d):0.4945

Exercise-3:Find the numerical double integral of the following function


f  x cos y  y sin x
for π ≤ x ≤ 2π and 0 ≤ y ≤ π, from 1 to 2 using dblquadmatlab function
Ans:-9.8696

Best of Luck !!!!

AKA/EEE-3102/Laboratory-6/27 March 2018 Page 5

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