NUT AND BOLTS

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MUHAMMAD TAHIR |2016-CV-117|SECTION-C
 Types of Bolts and Screws

 Carriage Bolts

Also known as a “coach” bolt has a domed or countersunk head. The square section
under the head grips into the part being fastened preventing the bolt from turning when
the nut is tightened.

 Hex Head Bolts

Hex tap bolts, hex cap screws, trim head hex cap screws, and hex serrated flange bolts
fall under this category. They share a hexagonal head and are driven with a wrench.
Referred to as both bolts and screw.

 Machine Screws

A machine screw is a screw or bolt with a flat point. Available in a variety of drive types
and heads, they fit a wide variety of applications. Often driven into tapped holes. Used
with nuts and washers, also known as “stove bolts” or “stovers”.

 Shoulder Bolt

Shoulder bolts (also known as shoulder screws or stripper bolts) are machine screws with a
shoulder between the thread of the screw and the head of the part. Once installed, the non-
threaded portion extends out of the surface of the application site, allowing the bolts to act as
dowels or shafts for moving parts. They can be installed by hand or with a socket (allen) driver.
Shop Shoulder Bolts.

 Square Head Bolts

Square Head Bolts have are similar to hex cap screws but with a 4 sided head. This
head style allows for a wrench to grip more easily onto the head of the bolt. The head
also provides a larger gripping area as compared to a standard 6 sided hexagonal
head.

Self-Drilling Screws

Self-drilling screws have a sheet metal thread with a self-driller cutting (TEK) point to
pierce through 20 to 14 gauge metals. The higher the TEK number, the larger the drill
point to pierce heavier gauge metals.
  Socket Cap Screws

Socket cap screws are available in button socket, button flange socket head, flat socket,
and socket cap. Driven with a socket wrench or a hex allen key. The term socket head
cap screw typically refers to a type of threaded fastener whose head diameter is
nominally 1.5 times or more than that of the screw shank diameter.

 Socket Set "Grub" Screws

Set screws are most often headless (aka blind), meaning that the screw is fully threaded
and has no head. A blind set screw, known in UK as a grub screw, is almost always
driven with an internal wrenching drive, such as a hex allen key. Socket set screws are
installed in threaded holes or inserts.

 Hex Lag Screws

Lag screws, also called lag bolts, are large wood screws. The head is external hex and
are driven with a wrench. Used for lag together lumber for framing, machinery to wood
floors, and other heavy duty applications.

 Self-Drilling Screws

Self-drilling screws have a sheet metal thread with a self-driller cutting (TEK) point to
pierce through 20 to 14 gauge metals. The higher the TEK number, the larger the drill
point to pierce heavier gauge metals.

 Sheet Metal Screws

Sheet metal screws (SMS) have sharp cutting threads that cut into sheet metal, plastic
or wood. They have a fully threaded shank and sometimes have a notched point at the
tip to aid in chip removal during thread cutting.

Wood Screws

Wood screws are partially threaded with large cutting threads and a smooth shank.
They are designed to slide through the top piece of wood and tightly pull all boards
together.
 Types of Nuts
 Cap Nuts

The cap nut, also known as the acorn nut, gets its name from its shape. The nut has a
domed top to prevent contact with the external thread.

 Castle Nuts

Used with cotter pins to prevent loosening, a castellated nut, also called a castle or
slotted nut, is a not with slots cut into the top. Used in low-torque applications such as
holding a wheel bearing in place.

 Coupling Nuts

A coupling nut is a threaded fastener used for joining two male threads, most commonly
threaded rod. The outside of the fastener is a hex so it can be driven with a wrench.

 Flange Serrated Nuts

A flange nut is a nut that has a wide flange at one end which acts as an integrated
washer that does not move or spin. The serrated flange distributes the pressure of the
nut over the part being secured and creates a locking action to prevent loosening.

 Hex Finish Nuts

Hex finish nuts are used for fastening to a hex cap screw, socket cap screw or bolt. The
most common nuts, hex finish nuts are hex shaped with internal threads and driven with
a wrench.
Shop Hex Finished Nuts.

 Hex Jam Nuts

A jam nut is often used when a nut needs to be locked in place without clamping to
another object. Hex jam nuts are hex shaped with internal threads, but they are thinner
than hex finish nuts.

 Hex Machine Nuts Small Pattern

A machine nut is hex shaped with internal threads. Smaller than a hex jam or hex finish
nut, they are used with machine screws under 1/4" diameter.
  Prevailing Torque Lock Nuts (Stover)

Commonly known as stover nuts, prevailing torque lock nuts have chamfered corners
and a conical top. The distortion in the top threads resists loosening from vibration. Also
called one-way nuts, they can only be installed one way and are often used in high
temperature application because they are all metal with no nylon insert.

 Keps-K Lock Nuts

Also known as a keps nut, a k-nut or a washer nut, a keps-k lock nut has an attached
free spinning lock washer. Keps nuts are designed to make assembly more convenient

 Knurled Thumb Nuts

A knurled head thumb nut or thumb nut has a knurled outside surface rather than a hex,
which facilitates tightening by hand. Often used in decorative finishes or applications.

 Square Nuts

A four sided nut that may be flat or beveled on top. Square nuts provide a greater
surface contact area which provides more resistance to loosening. Typically mated with
square head bolts.

 Nylon Hex Jam Nuts

A low profile lock nut is hex shaped, internally threaded with a nylon insert. The nylon
material prevents loosening from vibration and cross threads to stop the nut from
backing off of the fastener.

 Break Away or Shear Nuts

Shear nuts are cone nuts with a hexagonal gripping point. They are designed with an
intentional flaw to snap the hexagonal head off once the maximum torque is reached.
Leaving behind a protective cone nut that cannot be easily removed.
References
Nuts, Bolts, Fasteners and Plumbing Handbook Paperback – 1990

By Carroll Smith (Author)

NBB003 Nuts & Bolts Vol 3 - Experimental Flak Weapons of Wehrmacht Part 1

Handbook of Bolts and Bolted Joints

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