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    Machine Design: Flexible Power Transmission: Belts

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    omer1299

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    Machine Design: Flexible Power Transmission: Belts

    Uploaded by

    omer1299
    83 views11 pages

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    1Belts06.pdf

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    83 views11 pages

    Machine Design: Flexible Power Transmission: Belts

    Uploaded by

    omer1299

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    Machine Design

    Flexible Power
    Transmission:
    Belts

    © 2006 by W.H.Dornfeld. All rights reserved. Belts: 1


    Belt Basics
    To transmit power: need Torque.
    Recall: Power = Torque x Rot’l Speed

    Slack
    r R
    Driver
    Load
    Tight

    And since Torque = ( Ftight - Fslack ) x R [ ΣMoment ]


    need Ftight > Fslack ,
    where Ftight and Fslack are the tensions in the two legs
    of the belt.

    © 2006 by W.H.Dornfeld. All rights reserved. Belts: 2


    Belt Tension
    Flat and V-Belts depend on friction, so they
    need a normal force due to an initial preload.
    Fi
    r R
    2Fi 2Fi
    Belt Tension
    Fi

    Before moving, Ftight = Fslack = Fi .


    As rotation begins and torque builds,
    Ftight = Ftight + ∆F = Fi + ∆F and
    Fslack = Fslack - ∆F = Fi - ∆F , from which
    Ftight + Fslack = 2 Fi

    © 2006 by W.H.Dornfeld. All rights reserved. Belts: 3


    Belt Wrap Angles

    If both pulleys are Center Distance


    c
    the same size, the
    “wrap” angles, φ , R
    r
    are both 180°. φ
    If not, calculate
    −1 ⎛ R − r ⎞ α
    α = sin ⎜ ⎟ α
    ⎝ C ⎠
    and the wrap angles are:
    φ = 180° - 2α for the small pulley, and
    φ = 180° + 2α for the big pulley.

    © 2006 by W.H.Dornfeld. All rights reserved. Belts: 4


    Weightless Belts

    The operating belt


    µ Fslack
    tension ratio is
    constrained by the φ
    friction, µ, and the
    wrap angle, φ :
    Ftight
    Ftight µφ
    =e φ is in Radians
    Fslack
    Note: Since the wrap angle is less on the
    smaller pulley, it is the limiting component.

    © 2006 by W.H.Dornfeld. All rights reserved. Belts: 5


    Real Belts
    µ
    For a real belt that weighs W lb/in Fslack
    (or has a mass of m kg/m), φ
    there is a centrifugal force (mv2) of
    Ftight
    Wv 2
    Fc = [lb ] or Fc = mv 2 [N ]
    g ( g = 386 in/s2 )

    This force reduces the belt tension that the pulley


    feels, and the operating tension ratio becomes:
    Ftight − Fc µφ
    =e
    Fslack − Fc
    © 2006 by W.H.Dornfeld. All rights reserved. Belts: 6
    V-Belts
    The wedging action of a V-Belt
    with Vee angle = 2β will
    increase the belt-to-pulley
    friction to be effectively
    µ 2β
    µ eff =
    sin( β )

    This lets the operating tension ratio, and therefore


    the torque, be much greater.
    For a typical Vee angle of 2β = 36°, 1/sin(18°) = 3.2 ,
    more than tripling friction.
    © 2006 by W.H.Dornfeld. All rights reserved. Belts: 7
    Belt Calculations
    Frequently, you will know the initial belt tension, Fi ,
    and you will use these two equations:
    1) Ftight + Fslack = 2 Fi

    Ftight − Fc µφ
    2) =e
    Fslack − Fc
    to solve for whichever quantity is unknown.
    Once you know Ftight and Fslack , you can compute the
    operating Torque T = ( Ftight - Fslack ) x R , and also the
    operating Power Pmax = T x Rot’l Speed [Rad/sec] or
    Pmax = ( Ftight - Fslack ) x Linear Belt Speed
    © 2006 by W.H.Dornfeld. All rights reserved. Belts: 8
    Belt Power Limit
    As a sanity check, recall Fbelt = Fi + ∆F .
    When torqued so that ∆F increases to Fi , then
    Ftight = 2 Fi and Fslack = 0
    Then the limit of power transmitted is

    2 Fi [lb ]× V [ ft / s ]
    PHP = HorsePower
    550

    (This tension ratio = 2 Fi / 0 will be greater than the


    friction and wrap angle allow, so actual power must
    be something less than this result.)

    © 2006 by W.H.Dornfeld. All rights reserved. Belts: 9


    Belt Length
    Center Distance

    Knowing the pulley c


    radii and their center
    R
    spacing, the belt r

    length can be
    calculated:

    (R − r) 2
    L ≈ 2C + π ( R + r ) +
    C

    © 2006 by W.H.Dornfeld. All rights reserved. Belts: 10


    Belts
    • Belts may be “rated” by:
    1) A max. tension, Ftight
    2) A max. stress (which, times
    cross section area, gives max tension)
    3) A max power (esp. V-Belts; is
    function of speed and pulley diameter)
    • Timing belts and roller-chain carry all the
    torque in the tight side of the loop.

    © 2006 by W.H.Dornfeld. All rights reserved. Belts: 11

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