ThaparInst

it
uteofEngi
neer
ingandTechnol
ogy
SchoolofPhysi
csandMater
ialSci
ences
L.M.ThaparSchool
ofManagement
,Der
aBassi

Appl
i
edPhy si
cs(UPH004)
Tutor
ial
3( Di
ff
ract
ion)

1. Forasi
ngl
esl
i
tdif
fract
ionfri
ngefi
ndtheper
cent
agei
ntensi
tesof1stand2ndor
i der
maximawi
thr
especttothatoft
hecentr
almaxi
mum. 4.
5%,1.6%
2. Li
ghtofwav el
ength6x10-5cm fal
l
sonascreenatadi
stanceof100cm fr
om a
narr
owslit
.Findthewidt
hoft hesli
tift
hef
ir
stmini
mali
esat1mm di st
anceon
ei
thersi
deofthecent
ralmaximum.
3. Li
ghtofwavel
engt
h550nm f al
lsnormal
lyonasli
tofwi dth22.0x10-5 cm.
Cal
cul
atet
he angul
arposi
ti
on offi
rsttwo mi
nima on ei
thersi
de ofcentr
al
maxi
mum.
4. The11thorderminimaofasi ngl
esli
tdif
fracti
onpat
ter
narefoundatadi
stanceof
5 cm on ei t
hersi de ofthe cent
ralmaxi mum.Find t
he wavel
engt
h oft he
monochromat i
cradiati
onused,whil
ethedi st
ancebet
weenthesli
tandscreenis
1m andsli
twidthis0.1mm. 454nm
5. Asingl
esl i
tofwidth0.
14mm isil
l
uminat
ednormall
ybyamonochr omati
cli
ght
anddif
fract
ionbandsar
eobserv
edonascreen2m away.I
fthecent
reofsecond
dar
kbandi s1.6cm from t
hemiddl
eoft hecent
ralbri
ghtband,deducethe
wavel
engthofli
ght. 560nm
6. Alensoff ocallengt
h100cm f or
msFraunhof
erdiff
racti
onpatt
ernofasingl
esli
t
ofwidth0.04cm i ni
tsf ocalpl
ane.Theinci
dentl
ightcontai
nstwowav el
engt
hsλ1
andλ2.Itisf oundthatf ourthmi ni
mum corr
espondingtoλlandfift
hmi ni
mum
cor
respondingt oλ2 occuratt hesamepoint0.5cm f r
om thecent
ralmaximum.
Cal
culateλ1andλ2. 500,400nm

7. Acompanycl ai
mst hatitcanpr oduceapaperast hinas100µm.Tochecki ts
cl
aim alongnarrow sl
itisformedbypl aci
ngitspaperbet weentwoi roncubes.
Whenamonochr omat i
clasersource(λ=500nm)i sdirectednor
mallyontot
heslit
,
a15mm wi decentralmaximai sformedonascr eenpl acedatadistanceof3m
fr
om thesl
it
.Checkwhet herthecompany’scl
aimistrue.

8. Athinneedl
eisplacedatthecent
reofanapertur
e,hav
ingwidt
hthr
icet
hatofthe
needl
e.Ifa laserbeam inci
dent
snor mall
yon thisarr
angement
,which or
der
spect
rum wi
llbeabsentf
rom t
hediff
ract
ionpat
ter
n?
9. Adoubl
esli
t,eachhav
ingwi
dth0.
05cm andasepar
ati
onof0.
5cm bet
weenthem,
f
ormsdiff
racti
onpatt
ernonascr eenpl
aced1.
5m awayf r
om t
hesl i
ts.I
fthe
 di
ffr
acti
onf
ri
ngewi
dthi
s0.
15mm f
indt
hewav
elengt
hoft
hemonochr
omat
icl
i
ght
used.
10. Asl it
,wheni l
l
uminatedbyal ightrayof500nm,cr eat
esa2. 5mm wi decentral
brightspotatascreenplacedat5m di stancefrom t
hesli
t.Nowaneedl eispl
aced
exactlyatcentreoft hesli
t.Bydoi ngthist hefir
stbri
ghtfringeisformedata
distanceof1.6mm f r
om thecentr
albrightspot.Howt hi
ckistheneedl
e?
11. 15,000number sofl
ongchaini
odi
nemol ecul
es(opaque)arearr
angedparal
l
el ona
transparentthi
nfil
m oflengt
h1i nch.Ift
hef i
lm isill
uminatedbyal ightof
wav elengt
h560nm,howmanybr ightspotswil
lbeobservedont hescr
een?Label
theirorder.
12. Therear
e15000li
nesperi
nchinagrat
ing.Whati
sthemaxi
mum numberofor
der
s
obtai
nedbyusi
ngli
ghtofwav
elengt
h600nm?
13. Howmanyli
nesarethereonagr
ati
ngift
heangleofdi
ff
ract
ioni
s20°f
orthef
ir
st
or
der
,whenl
ightofwavel
engt
h600nm i
sinci
dentont
hegrat
ingnor
mal
ly
?
14. Adi f
fract
iongrat
ingusedatnormalinci
dencegiv
esal i
ne( 540nm)inacer
tai
n
ordersuperposedonthevi
oletli
ne(405nm)ofthenexthigheror
der
.Ift
heangl
e
ofdif
fract
ionis30ohowmanyl i
nespercm ar
ether
einthegrati
ng?
15. Provethatforwhit
elight(
400–700nm)t
hesecondandt
hir
dor
derspect
rum wi
l
l
part
ial
l
yov erl
apforanygrati
ng.
16. Aplanetr
ansmissi
ongrat
inghas300ruli
ngspermm.Determinethedi
spersi
ve
powerofviol
et(400nm)andr ed(
632.8nm)lightf
orsecondorderdi
ff
racti
on
pat
ter
n.
17. A pl
anetr
ansmi
ssiongrat
ingcanjustresolvetwospectralli
nesofwav elength
549.
95nm and550.05nm i nthef i
rstorderdif
fract
ionpatter
.Deter
mi net he
mini
mum orderthe same grat
ing can r
esolv
e,whi l
e using anot
herpai rof
wavel
engt
h650.
0nm and650.05nm.
18. Calcul
atethenumberofli
nespercm i
na2.5cm wi
degrati
ngwhi
chwil
lresol
ve
thesodium l
i
nesofwavel
engt
h5890and5896Ai
nthesecondandf
ir
stor
der.
19.Cal
cul
atet
heleastwi
dtht
hatagr at
ingmusthave,t
or esol
vet
hecomponentsofD
li
nes(
5890and5896A)inthesecondorder
.Thegrat
inghas800l
inespercm.
20.A gr
ati
nghas15cm oft hesur
facerul
edwit
h6000l
i
nespercm.Whati
sthe
resol
vi
ngpowerofgr
ati
ngint
hefi
rstor
der?