The document describes a methodology for a water treatment experiment. It involves taking a water sample from a lake or river and testing the effects of different doses of ferric chloride coagulant on the sample's pH, color, and turbidity levels. Six beakers of water are tested with doses ranging from 0 to 5 ml of coagulant. The water is stirred and settled, then its pH, color, and turbidity are measured. The results are analyzed in graphs showing relationships between coagulant dose and each water quality parameter. The graphs indicate that higher coagulant doses lower pH and reduce color and turbidity in the treated water samples.
The document describes a methodology for a water treatment experiment. It involves taking a water sample from a lake or river and testing the effects of different doses of ferric chloride coagulant on the sample's pH, color, and turbidity levels. Six beakers of water are tested with doses ranging from 0 to 5 ml of coagulant. The water is stirred and settled, then its pH, color, and turbidity are measured. The results are analyzed in graphs showing relationships between coagulant dose and each water quality parameter. The graphs indicate that higher coagulant doses lower pH and reduce color and turbidity in the treated water samples.
The document describes a methodology for a water treatment experiment. It involves taking a water sample from a lake or river and testing the effects of different doses of ferric chloride coagulant on the sample's pH, color, and turbidity levels. Six beakers of water are tested with doses ranging from 0 to 5 ml of coagulant. The water is stirred and settled, then its pH, color, and turbidity are measured. The results are analyzed in graphs showing relationships between coagulant dose and each water quality parameter. The graphs indicate that higher coagulant doses lower pH and reduce color and turbidity in the treated water samples.
The document describes a methodology for a water treatment experiment. It involves taking a water sample from a lake or river and testing the effects of different doses of ferric chloride coagulant on the sample's pH, color, and turbidity levels. Six beakers of water are tested with doses ranging from 0 to 5 ml of coagulant. The water is stirred and settled, then its pH, color, and turbidity are measured. The results are analyzed in graphs showing relationships between coagulant dose and each water quality parameter. The graphs indicate that higher coagulant doses lower pH and reduce color and turbidity in the treated water samples.
4.2 Apparatus 1. Beaker 2. Measuring Cylinder 3. Jar Test Apparatus 4. Turbidometer 5. pH meter 6. Spectrometer 7. Coagulant Solution (Alum or Ferric) 8. Laboratory Coat
4.3 Procedure 1. A study location is selected either lake, trench or river and about 6 liters of sample is taken at the chosen location. 2. 1000mL of water sample was prepared and placed in beaker. This step was repeated for the remaining 5 beakers resulting total of 6 beakers overall. 3. The PH level, turbidity and colour of water sample were recorded and assumed same for all beakers. 4. The coagulant solution (alum or ferric) is added to each beaker with different amount of 1.0ml, 2.0ml, 3.0ml, 4.0ml, 5.0ml and a blank sample. 5. The beakers were placed inside the jar apparatus and ensure the stirring paddles were placed at the center of the beaker. 6. The jar test apparatus was started and operated with a speed of 140rpm for 3 minutes. 7. The speed was reduced with the speed of 70rpm for 5 minutes. 8. The stirring machine was stopped and allowed the sample to settle for 10 minutes. 9. The water sample was taken out from the jar test apparatus. 10. The beaker with the blank sample was put inside the spectrometer to measure the reading of the colour, turbidity value obtained by using turbidometer and the PH value is determined by using PH meter. These step is repeated for the remaining 5 beakers. 5.0 RESULT AND ANALYSIS 5.1 Data Acquisition
Water Sample taken from : Tasik Seksyen 7, Shah Alam, Selangor.
Coagulant Solution Used : Ferric Chloride
Figure 5.1.1: Location and View of Sample
Table 5.1.1: Data Recorded during the experiment
Beaker No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Before Jar Test pH 6.66 Colour (ptco) 230 Turbidity (NTU) 33.8 After Jar Test Coagulant Dosage (ml) 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 pH 6.66 6.57 6.33 6.25 5.78 5.54 Colour (ptco) 230 167 118 46 210 215 Turbidity (NTU) 33.8 13.8 12.6 7.56 9.56 12.1 5.2 Data Analysis
Figure 5.2.1: Graph of pH level against Coagulant Dosage of Ferric Chloride
b) Colour versus amount of coagulant solution used.
Colour versus Coagulant Dosage
250 230 210 215
200 167 Colour (Ptco)
150 118
100 46 50
0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Coagulant Dosage (ml)
Figure 5.2.2 :Graph of Colour Removal against Coagulant Dosage of Ferric Chloride c) Turbidity versus amount of coagulant solution used.
Turbidity versus Dosage of Ferric
40 33.8 35
30 Turbidity (NTU)
25
20 13.8 15 12.6 12.1 9.56 10 7.56
0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 Coagulant Dosage (ml)
Figure 5.2.3: Graph of Turbidity against Coagulant Dosage of Ferric Chloride
6.0 DISCUSSION Based from experiment conducted, the data obtained are presented in three set of graphs. The first graph is the pH level against the coagulant dosage of ferric chloride. The graph begins with a pH value of 6.66 in the beaker with no concentration of ferric chloride which the value near to the neutral level of pH. Then, pH values decrease steadily with increasing dose of ferric into the beaker as final pH value of 5.54 were recorded at 5.0ml dosage of ferric chloride. Thus, it shows that the presence of ferric affect the pH values of the water sample and makes the water become more acidic.
