360 DEGREE FLEXIBLE DRILLING MACHINE

ABSTRACT

Drill machines have been the heart of every industry. Drilling holes in parts, sheets and structures is
a regular industrial work. Perfect and well aligned drilling needs fixed and strong drills. Some parts
cannot be drilled using fixed drills due to low space between drill bit and drill bed. We need to use hand
drills in such cases but hand drills have alignment problems while drilling. So here we propose a 360
degree flexible drill that can be mounted on a table or wall and can be used to drill holes horizontally,
vertically or even upside down. So this makes it possible for easy drilling in even complicated parts and
surfaces. Thus we use rotating hinges and connectors with motor mount and supporting structure to
design and fabricate a mini 360 degree drill for easy drilling operations

INTRODUCTION
 Drill machines have been the heart of every industry. Drilling holes in parts, sheets and structures
is a regular industrial work. Perfect and well aligned drilling needs fixed and strong drills. Some parts
cannot be drilled using fixed drills due to low space between drill bit and drill bed. We need to use hand
drills in such cases but hand drills have alignment problems whiledrilling. So here i propose a 360º
flexible drill that can be mounted on a table or wall and can be used to drill holes horizontally , vertically
or even upside down. So this makes it possible for easy drilling in even complicated parts and surfaces.
Thus i use rotating hinges and connectors with motor mount and supporting structure to design and
fabricate a 360 degree drilling machine for easy drilling operations. Drilling machine is one of the most
important machine tools in a workshop. It was designed to produce a cylindrical hole of required
diameter and depth on metal work pieces. Though holes can be made by different machine tools in a
shop, drilling machine is designed specifically to perform the operation of drilling and similar operations.
Drilling can be done easily at a low cost in a shorter period of time in a drilling machine.Drilling can be
called as the operation of producing a cylindrical hole of required diameter and depth by removing metal
by the rotating edges of a drill. The cutting tool known as drill is fitted into the spindle of the drilling
machine. A mark of indentation is made at the required location with a center punch. The rotating drill is
pressed at the location and is fed into the work. The hole can be made up to a required depth. Drilled
holes are characterized by their sharp edge on the entrance side and the presence of burrs on the exit
side (unless they have been removed). Also, the inside of the hole usually has helical feed marks. Drilling
may affect the mechanical properties of the work piece by creating low residual stresses around the
whole opening and a very thin layer of highly stressed and disturbed material on the newly formed
surface.

A. Drilling Machine Construction

The basic parts of a drilling machine are its base, supporting arms, drill head and chuck. The base made
of cast iron or other hard material may rest on a bench, floor depending upon the design. Larger and
heavy duty machines are grounded on the floor. The arms are mounted on base with the help of hinge to
rotate about it. It is accurately machined and the arms can move up, down and rotate about x-axis. The
drill chuck, an electric motor and the mechanism meant for driving the chuck at different speeds are
mounted on the top of the upper arm. Power is transmitted from the electric motor to the drill chuck.

B. Drilling Machine Working Principle

The working principle of this flexible drilling machine is initially started from the D.C. motor through full
wave rectifier. In which there is one power sources, received from the rectifier. Then the arm rotates at
360 degree and moves anywhere when drilling is required up to its maximum arm length. With the help
of my project we can drill in complicated parts accurately.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

In order to model surface roughness, several methods had been used in previous
research. Mr. K. I. Nargatti, Mr. S. V. Patil , Mr. G. N. Rakate (2016) developed a model in Multispindle
Drilling Head with Varying Centre Distance. Multiple-spindle drilling machines are used for mass
production, a great time saver where many pieces of jobs having many holes are to be drilled. Multi-
spindle head machines are used in mechanical industry in order to increase the productivity of
machining systems. This machine has two spindles driven by a single motor and all the spindles are fed in
to the work piece simultaneously. Feeding motions are obtained either by raising the work table or by
lowering the drills head. As the name indicates multiple spindle drilling machines have two spindles
driven by a single power head, and these two spindles holding the drill bits are fed into the work piece
simultaneously. The spindles are so constructed that their centre distance can be adjusted in any
position within the drill head depending on the job requirement. The positions of those parallel shafts
holding the drills are adjusted depending upon the locations of the holes to be made on the job. Based
on the literature review, the most parameters that widely considered when investigating the operation
of a machine are feed rate, spindle speed and depth of cut. Most of the researches didn’t consider the
uncontrolled parameters, such as tool geometry, tool wear, chip loads, and chip formations, or the
material properties of both tool and work piece.
 COMPONENTS

1) Motor

It is an electrical device which converts electrical energy to mechanical energy. It rotates shaft
which support by bush in it when power is supply through rectifier. This shaft connect with drill
bit through chuck to rotate drill bit and make hole on work piece when it is required. Is of high
torque capable which required for drilling. An electricmotor is an electrical machine thatconverts
electricalenergy into mechanical energy.The reverse of this is the conversion of mechanical
energy into electrical energy and is done by an electric generator, which has much in common
with a motor.Most electric motors operate through the interaction between an electric motor's
magnetic field and winding currents to generate force. In certain applications, such as in
regenerative braking with traction motors in the transportation industry, electric motors can also
be used in reverse as generators to convert mechanical energy into electric power.

2) Connecting Rod

It connects the two Frames to each other for supports between them to help to move when we
required. It consist of metal strips of two sizes one of 12” (inch) and another is of 15” (inch). Both are of
four pieces of equal length. A hinge is a mechanical bearing that connects two solid objects, typically
allowing only a limited angle of rotation between them. Two objects connected by an ideal hinge rotate
relative to each other about a fixed axis of rotation: all other translations or rotations being prevented,
and thus a hinge has one degree of freedom. Hinges may be made of flexible material or of moving
components. In a many joints function as hinges like the elbow joint. In Hinges appear in large structures
such as elevated freeway and railroad viaducts. These are included to reduce or eliminate the transfer of
bending stresses between structural components, typically in an effort to reduce sensitivity to
earthquakes. The primary reason for using a hinge, rather than a simpler device such as a slide, is to
prevent the separation of adjacent components. When no bending stresses are transmitted across the
hinge it is called a zero moment hinge.

2) Bearing

A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion, and reduces
friction between moving parts. The design of the bearing may, for example, provide for free linear
movement of the moving part or for free rotation around a fixed axis; or, it may prevent a motion by
controlling the vectors of normal forces that bear on the moving parts. Most bearings facilitate the
desired motion by minimizing friction. Bearings are classified broadly according to the type of operation,
the motions allowed, or to the directions of the loads (forces) applied to the parts. Rotary bearings hold
rotating components such as shafts or axles within mechanical systems, and transfer axial and radial
loads from the source of the load to the structure supporting it. The simplest form of bearing, the plain
bearing, consists of a shaft rotating in a hole.

3) Screws

A screw joint is a one-degree-of-freedom kinematic pair used in mechanisms. Screw joints provide
single-axis translation by utilizing the threads of the threaded rod to provide such translation. This type
of joint is used primarily on most types of linear actuators and certain types of cartesian robots. A Screw
joint is sometimes considered as a separate type but it is actually a variation of bolted joint. The
difference is that a screw is used rather that bolt, thus requiring an internal thread in one of the jointed
parts. This can save space, however, continuous reuse of the thread would probably damage the coils,
making the whole part unsuitable. A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a nail. Some screw
threads are designed to mate with a complementary thread, known as a female thread (internal thread),
often in the form of a nut or an object that has the internal thread formed into it. Other screw threads
are designed to cut a helical groove in a softer material as the screw is inserted. The most common uses
of screws are to hold objects together and to position objects
 4) Drill Chuck

A drill chuck is a specialized clamp designed to hold drill bits in place while they are being
rotated by the drill. The chucks nearly always have three jaws that press down on the drill bit so
that it won't slip when it pressed against a surface that it needs to penetrate. They can also be
used to hold bits and tools heads of other rotary tools.Once a bit is inserted into the chuck, the
jaws are tightened on the bit by rotating a threaded screw. The screw threads and the threads
on the backs of the jaw pieces are on an angled surface. By turning the screw to the right, the
screw moves down the tapered surface to the thicker area, this causes the jaws to press against
the bit.

5) Drill Bit

In which drill bit are used of twisted type drill. It is of material Carbon Steel. Its diameter is of 2mm. This
is used to make drill on wood, plastic and light metals.Drill bits are cutting tools used to remove material
to create holes, almost always of circular cross-section. Drill bits come in many sizes and shapes and can
create different kinds of holes in many different materials. In order to create holes drill bits are usually
attached to a drill, which powers them to cut through the work piece, typically by rotation. The drill will
the drill bit is usually between 1:1 and 1:10. Much higher ratios are possible (e.g., "aircraft-length" twist
bits, pressured-oil gun drill bits, etc.), but the higher the ratio, the greater the technical challenge of
producing good work.
6) Battery

The 12 volt battery is more common than most people know. In fact, the majority of people don’t even
know what 12 volt is. It’s funny when a person finds out that their car or truck is a live operating 12v dc
system and they say, I’ve heard of 12 volt but never knew what it was.Try explaining the difference
between 12 volt and 110 volt power. That’s a hoot.Here at 12 volt battery info we’ll assume that you
know what 12 volt and 6 volt batteries are and what they’re commonly used for. We’ll cover the basics
here on common uses that some folks may be unaware of and common wiring practices.Truckers and
Motor Home owners will most likely be aware of their battery bank situation. Most of these vehicles
carry a pack of 6 volt or 12 volt deep cycle batteries on board.If 6 volt batteries are in use in a 12 volt
system there is a special wiring technique that is used to turn two 6 volt batteries into a single very deep
capacity 12 volt battery. We’ll explain how in later articles.If you don’t see the info you’re looking for,
please check back soon as we are constantly updating our data base.

SPECIFICATION

A. Specification of Motor:

B. Type of Motor – D.C. Motor

Speed – Max 4000 rpm
Voltage – 12 Volt
Supply – D.C. Supply
Current – 0.2 – 1.2 AMP
Power – 2.4 – 15 watt
Frequency – 50 Hz
 Controller – Hand
Weight – 150gm
Shaft dia. – 3.17 mm
Diameter – 36mm
Length (Body) – 50mm
Length (Shaft) – 16mm
Main Color – Silver Tone
Material – Metal Net
C. Specification of Drill Chuck:

D. Length = 15mm
Diameter = 7mm
Type of Chuck – Fibre
E. Bit:
Diameter – 2mm
Material – Carbon Steel
Type of Bit – Twist Drill Bit

MACHINING & DESIGN

PARAMETERS

A. Cutting Speed (V) –

V = πDN
Where, D = diameter of drill in mm = 2mm
N = speed of rotation in mm = 1750 rpm
V = 183.259 mm/sec
B. Feed Rate (f) –
40 mm/min
C. Depth of Cut (d) –
d = D/2
d = 1 mm
D. Material Removal Rate –
MRR = (πD2/4)f N
MRR = 219911.485 mm3/min
E. Machining Time –
t = L/f
Where, L = length of the hole to be drilled = 10cm
f = feed of the drill = 40 mm/min
t = 0.25 min
F. Torque –
P = 15 watts , N = 1750 rpm
P = 2πNT/60
T = P x 60/2πN
T = 15 x 60/2π x 1750
T = 81.8511 N-mm
 WORKING

1) In which all the component is mounted on table. This support the arm to rotate freely.

2) Arm rotates manually when where it is required.

3) Motor are mounted on Arm which moves where work piece is to drill.

4) Put drill bit point on work piece area where drill is required.

5) Switch on the main supply which of A.C.

6) Then this A.C. flow through Rectifier and convert to Pure D.C.

7) This rotates motor and also bit rotates.

8) After make hole where on work piece is required.

9) Then switch off the main supply.

ADVANTAGE & APPLICATION

 Advantage

1) EFFICIENT DRILLING

2) 360 DEGREE ROTATION

3) FLEXIBLE

4) EASY TO USE

5) LOW COST

6) REDUCE HANDLING COST

7) REDUCE TIME

8) REDUCE OVERALL MANUFACTURING COST

9) INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY
  Application

1) To put holes with high precision on engine heads, blocks and cylindrical shell.

2) Used in furniture making.

CONCLUSION

This project is an efficient operation and competitive cost. Since a number of operation and hole can be
performed in a simple unit. It is efficient and economical. Considering its uses and cost of project, it
becomes relatively cheap when compared to other units

Future Scope

1) It is used in industries.

2) It is used with automation for automatic drilling.

3) In future it is used in every field where drilling is required.

4) Also use this method of rotation of arm in other machining operation.