Types and Functional Unit of Computers
Types and Functional Unit of Computers
Types and Functional Unit of Computers
List of instructions are called programs & internal storage is called computer
memory.
I/O Processor
Memory
Finally the results are sent to the outside world through output device. All of
these actions are coordinated by the control unit.
Input unit: -
The source program/high level language program/coded information/simply data
is fed to a computer through input devices keyboard is a most common type. Whenever a
key is pressed, one corresponding word or number is translated into its equivalent binary
code over a cable & fed either to memory or processor.
Memory unit: -
Its function into store programs and data. It is basically to two types
1. Primary memory
2. Secondary memory
1. Primary memory: - Is the one exclusively associated with the processor and operates
at the electronics speeds programs must be stored in this memory while they are being
executed. The memory contains a large number of semiconductors storage cells. Each
capable of storing one bit of information. These are processed in a group of fixed site
called word.
Number of bits in each word is called word length of the computer. Programs
must reside in the memory during execution. Instructions and data can be written into the
memory or read out under the control of processor.
Memory in which any location can be reached in a short and fixed amount of
time after specifying its address is called random-access memory (RAM).
The time required to access one word in called memory access time. Memory
which is only readable by the user and contents of which can’t be altered is called read
only memory (ROM) it contains operating system.
Caches are the small fast RAM units, which are coupled with the processor and
are aften contained on the same IC chip to achieve high performance. Although primary
storage is essential it tends to be expensive.
2 Secondary memory: - Is used where large amounts of data & programs have to be
stored, particularly information that is accessed infrequently.
Examples: - Magnetic disks & tapes, optical disks (ie CD-ROM’s), floppies etc.,
The control and the ALU are may times faster than other devices connected to a
computer system. This enables a single processor to control a number of external devices
such as key boards, displays, magnetic and optical disks, sensors and other mechanical
controllers.
Output unit:-
These actually are the counterparts of input unit. Its basic function is to send the
processed results to the outside world.
Source : http://elearningatria.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/cse-iv-computer-
organization-10cs46-notes.pdf