DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ULTRA WIDEBAND ANTENNAS FOR WIRELESS 2014-2015

APPLICATIONS

INTRODUCTION

An antenna (or aerial) is an electrical device which converts electric power into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with
a radio transmitter or radio receiver. As the front end equipment of the UWB communication system, the UWB antenna is suppose
to fulfill many requirements such as small size, Omni directional radiation patterns, constant group delay and gain across the
whole band.

Ultra wideband technology is defined as a system that occupies over 500MHz of bandwidth or a fractional bandwidth of 20% or
greater. UWB uses radio modulation technique to achieve a wide bandwidth by transmitting very short pulses (in nano seconds or
less) with low power utilization. This makes the UWB differ from conventional narrow band systems.

The use of Ultra Wideband Antennas can be traced back to the 1950’s for various purposes such as military communications and
high resolution radars. The UWB antennas technology offer many advantages like high data rate at short ranges, low power noise
immunity, relatively simple receiver architecture etc., This has led to a huge research in Ultra Wide Band technology. In the past
decade, UWB has become a revolutionary and contemporary wireless technique which has generated a great deal of interest for
use in industry and academia.

LITERATURE SURVEY

Ultra wideband commonly refers to signal or system that either has a large relative bandwidth or large absolute. The rapid progress
of the UWB as a high data rate wireless communication technology has mainly been spurred on the release of a bandwidth of
7.5GHz for UWB applications by the FCC which by far is the largest spectrum allocation for unlicensed use, the FCC has ever
granted. The Federal Communication Commission (FCC) has assigned the frequency band ranging from 3.1 GHz-10.6 GHz for
commercial UWB communication applications.

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DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ULTRA WIDEBAND ANTENNAS FOR WIRELESS 2014-2015
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A number of ultra wide band devices have been researched into and developed both in the industry and academia, including UWB
antennas, UWB band-pass filters [18].

A suitable UWB antenna is required to operate over an ultra wide bandwidth as allocated by the US FCC (3.1-10.6GHz).Therefore
the return loss for the entire ultra wide band should be below the -10dB point. One of the challenges associated with the
implementation of UWB systems is the development of a suitable antenna that has a wide impedance bandwidth and an Omni
directional radiation pattern [4] over the entire frequency range of interest. As the UWB technology is employed mainly for indoor
and portable devices the size of the antenna should be considerably small so that it can be easily integrated into various
components [14, 15].
Although many UWB antennas have been proposed to meet the requirements, more often than not these antennas are relatively
large in size, and this makes it difficult to integrate them into modern wireless devices. Printed antennas, which are small in size,
have low profiles, and are easy to integrate with the hand-held terminals, have attracted much attention in recent years. However,
most of the proposed designs for these antennas suffer from narrow bandwidths, and a number of techniques have been proposed
and investigated to render them suitable for UWB communication applications by enhancing their bandwidth [13, 1].

A good candidate for UWB applications are printed monopole antennas (PMAs) due to their compactness, light weight and simple
structure. These can be realized easily on the printed circuit boards and can be integrated with other components on PCB. Many
kinds of printed monopole antennas have been designed and presented in a number of research papers. The PMAs (printed
monopole antennas) are very good for UWB technology based cost effective systems [16, 5, 6].
Micro strip patch antenna is one of the most common antenna used telecommunication due to their low profile structure. These
days, there is a very large demand by the end user for integrated wireless digital applications. Antennas which are used in these
applications should be low profile, light weight, low volume and broad bandwidth. To meet these requirements, micro strip

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antenna is preferred. An antenna should be low-profile, comfortable to planar and non planar surfaces, simple and inexpensive to
manufacture, mechanically robust when mounted on rigid surfaces.

The increasing demands for wireless connectivity necessitates a single antenna to cover several allocate wireless frequency bands.
Integrating both UWB and Bluetooth standards into single antenna has attracted many researchers' attention. Various integrating
skills have been proposed [7, 8, 9, 17]. In [7], a simple printed fork-shaped patch is employed to realize dual-band antenna for
Bluetooth and UWB applications. In [8], by creating quarter-wavelength stubs in the ground plane of rectangle shaped printed slot
antenna, this antenna can work at UWB and Bluetooth bands. In [9], a fan-shaped-patch antenna with added strips which are
placed within the both sides of the base patch can achieve dual-band characteristics. In [17], a printed circular monopole antenna
with a annular slot and fed by Micro strip line is used to cover UWB and Bluetooth band, however, it has large profile of
dimension 45 mm X 32 mm.

Performance of UWB in terms of data rate is very high compared to Bluetooth in short ranges<10m.At Ranges greater than 10m
Bluetooth provides better data rate than UWB. These technologies also differ in the modulation schemes used and application
profiles. Dual band Bluetooth and UWB antenna thus provides scalability in all the parameters mentioned above. But when UWB
is developed the coexistence with other wireless technology like WiMAX has to be considered. So in order to avoid the
interference notches has to be added in the UWB band. Lately monopole antennas of various shapes having ultra wide bandwidth
have been reported [10, 18]. Several antennas were designed for ultra wideband having notched bands for interfering bands like
WLAN and WiMAX [2]. Single band antenna integrating Bluetooth and UWB with large impedance bandwidth has come up [3].

There are some wireless communication applications which have already occupied frequencies in the UWB band such as the
wireless local area network (WLAN) a.k.a. IEEE802.11a/g and HIPERLAN/2 WLAN which operate at 5.15-5.35 GHz and 5.725-

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5.825 GHz, respectively and IEEE 802.16 (3.3~3.8GHz) [11]. In addition, the worldwide interoperability for microwave access
(WiMAX) has also operated covering the frequency from 5.25-5.85 GHz in some countries. One way to suppress these interfering
signals is to use a spatial filter such as a frequency selective surface above the antenna. However, this approach requires too much
space and expensive [19]. To disband this problem, the UWB antenna with build-in frequency notch structure is often chosen. A
lot of functions have been used for frequency rejection in UWB antenna designs. The most popular technique to provide this
character is embedded a slot on the patch or ground plane [12].

Hardware:

Software:

HFSS is a commercial finite element method solver for electromagnetic structures from Ansys. The acronym originally stood
for high frequency structural simulator. It is one of several commercial tools used for antenna design, and the design of
complex RF electronic circuit elements including filters, transmission lines, and packaging.

Motivation:

The need for enabling high-speed wireless Personal Area Networks is growing at a rapid rate. The UWB technology promises to
revolutionize wireless communications for residential, office and industrial environments by providing short range and high data
rate, accurate distance measurements The Ultra Wideband antennas offers many advantages like high data rate at short ranges, low
power, noise immunity, relatively simple receiver architecture. This has led to huge research in Ultra wideband (UWB). Such

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DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ULTRA WIDEBAND ANTENNAS FOR WIRELESS 2014-2015
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features of the UWB provide a wide scope for research and betterment of various parameters involved in improving the overall
antenna performance.

OBJECTIVES:

 To design and develop Ultra wideband antennas for various short range applications.
 To improve the performance of the antenna by altering the different parameters involved.
 Comparing the performance of different shapes of UBW antennas when used for variety of purposes.

METHODOLOGY:

 Thorough literature survey on the developments in UWB technology and its applications.
 Analyzing the variations in parameters and thereby boosting the overall performance of the antenna.
 Assessing the antenna performance by comparing the results obtained.
 Implementation of UWB antennas using HFSS.

APPLICATIONS:

 It is best suited for Wireless Personal Area Network. It plays used in military communications.
 Used in various radar applications like ground penetrating radar, through-wall radar etc.,

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 Used in intelligence sensors like Telemetry, airbags, driving and parking aids.

REFERENCES:

[1] N. Ojaroudi and M. Ojaroudi, “Bandwidth enhancement of an ultra‐wideband printed slot antenna with WLAN band ‐ notched
function,” Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol.55, no.7, pp.1448-1451, 2013.
[2] Wen Jiang , Wenquan Che, “A Novel UWB Antenna With Dual Notched Bands for WiMAX and WLAN Applications”, IEEE
Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, pp.293–296, 2012
[3] Malheiros-Silveira, G.N. Hernandez-Figueroa, Oshioka, R.T. “Novel monopole antenna for Bluetooth and UWB applications”
IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI) , pp.1–2,2012.
[4] Z. Yang, J. Qiu, W. guo, and C. Yang, “Novel ultra-wide band omni-directional dipole antenna,” 2012 International
Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT), vol.3, pp.1-4, 2012.
[5] Abbaspour, A., Moghadasi, M. N., and Katouli, M. 2011. Novel Design Of An Ultrawideband Microstrip Antenna Employing
A Lobster-Shaped Resonant Structure. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 53, 5: 1121-1125.
[6] Jiang, W., Gong, Q., Gong, S-xi, Hong, T., and Qiao, Z- zhuang. 2011. Novel Ultrawideband Monopole Antenna With
Miniaturized Size. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 53, 5, 1176-1178.
[7] Mishra, S. K., R. Gupta, A. Vaidya, and J. Mukherjee, \Printed fork shaped dual band monopole antenna for Bluetooth and
UWB
applications with 5.5 GHz WLAN band notched characteristics," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 22, 195{210,
2011.
[8] Taheri, M. M. S., H. R. Hassani, and S. M. A. Nezhad, \UWB printed slot antenna with Bluetooth and dual notch bands," IEEE
Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., Vol. 10, 255{258, 2011.
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[9] Ren, F. C., F. S. Zhang, J. H. Bao, Y. C. Jiao, and L. Zhou, \Printed Bluetooth and UWB antenna with dual-notched
functions," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 26, 39{48, 2011.
[10] Zuosheing Xie, et .al, “Ultra wideband implementation of printed rectangular monopole antenna ” IEEE International
Conference on Computer Science and Automation Engineering (CSAE), vol. 1, pp. 300–303, 2011.
[11] B. Latré, B. Braem, I. Moerman, C. Blondia and P. Demeester, "A survey on wireless body area networks," Wireless
Networks, vol.17, pp. 1-18, 2011.
[12] W. M. Li, T. Ni, S. M. Zhang, J. Huang and Y. C. Jiao, "UWB printed slot antenna with dual band-notched characteristic,"
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, vol. 25, pp. 143-151, 2011.
[13] H. Wang, Y. Li, “Bandwidth enhancement of a wide slot UWB antenna with a notch band characteristic,” IEEE 3rd
International Conference on Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN), pp.365-368, Xi’an, 2011.
[14] Lim, E. G., Wang, Z., Lei, C. U., Wang, Y., and Man, K. L. 2010. Ultra Wideband Antennas- Past and Present. IAENG
International Journal of Computer Sciences, 37, 3: 304-314.
[15] Khalilpour, R., Nourinia, J., and Ghobadi, C. 2010. An Optimized Monopole Microstrip Antenna with Gradual Steps for Ultra
Wideband Applications. Progress In Electromagnetic Research Symposium Proceedings, 1072-1076.
[16] Lee, Y., Hong, S., Kim, J., and Choi, J. 2010. Design of an Antenna with Near Omni-directional H-Plane Radiation Pattern
over Ultra-wide Bandwidth. ETRI Journal, 32, 1: 62-67.
[17] Zhan, K., Q. Guo, and K. Huang, \A miniature planar antenna for Bluetooth and UWB applications," Journal of
Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 24, No. 16, 2299{2308, 2010.
[18] Weng, Y.F.Cheung , Yuk, “Effects of ground-plane size on planar UWB monopole antenna” IEEE TENCON Conference,
pp.422–425, 2010.
[19] H. Mardani, C. Ghobadi and J. Nourinia, "A simple compact monopole antenna with variable single-and double-filtering
function for uwb applications," Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, IEEE, vol. 9, pp. 1076-1079, 2010.

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