PT Anugrah Multi Cipta Karya

Engineering Consultant
Komp. Rajawali Plaza Ruko 34, Bandung 40182, INDONESIA
Tel/Fax: 022-6003595 E-mail: [email protected]

TFOOT Manual

Tension/Uplift Capacity Analysis

of Tower Pad Foundation

by
Ir. Nathan Madutujuh, M.Sc., IPU
PT AMCK

Bandung, June 2008

Foreword

1
This report contains evaluation and design procedure review on tension capacity of GSM tower
pad foundation.

The calculation was done using several soil types and conditions, compaction quality, footing
shape (Circular, square and rectangular), water condition (dry, saturated, flooded), and several
design option.

A special-purpose computer program was written to easier the calculation, so that the client can
apply the report to any soil type and condition found in the field.

We want to thanks all parties that have provided useful information and taken part in finishing this
report.

Bandung, June 20, 2008

Structural Designer,

Ir. Nathan Madutujuh, M.Sc. IP-U

SIBP. No. 1967/IBP/KA/DPPK/I-2007

2
 Table of Contents

1. Introduction

2. Data References

3. Assumptions, Design Codes and Tools

4. Summary of Calculations

5. Conclusions

6. Recommendations

Appendices:

1. Theoretical Background

2. Design Procedures

3. Soil Types

4. Soil Conditions

5. Foundation Shape

6. Selecting Design Parameters

7. Detail Calculation

3
1. Introduction

For self-supported steel tower carrying load for GSM/CDMA Networks, spread footing foundation
type usually used to carry vertical/gravity load and uplift load. To counter the generated uplift
force, the tower foundation relies on its self-weight, and soil weight that will contribute to the
tension capacity.

This report contains design review for tension capacity of Indosat tower pad foundation for
various soil types, compaction quality and flood conditions.

The calculation was done using several soil types and conditions, compaction quality, footing
shape (Circular, square and rectangular), water condition (dry, saturated, flooded), and several
design option.

A special-purpose computer program was written to easier the calculation, so that the client can
apply the report to any soil type and condition found in the field.

2. Data References

Data for this report was taken from Calculation Report prepared by PT Duta Cipta
Konsultana as follows:

Project Name : Indosat Roll Over 2007

Location : Indonesia
Consultant : PT Duta Cipta Konsultana
Jl. Panjang Jiwo No. 58, Surabaya
Tel: 031-8433166, Fax: 031-8433186
Tower Name : SST 72M Light Duty
Dwg Ref. : SLM 1590
Dwg No. : DCK/I-SAT RO/07-72L/9
Sheet No. :9
Date : 08-03-2007

3. Assumptions, Design Codes and References

Assumptions used:

Assumed Spread Footing Type used

Assumed Normal Clay Soil
Reactions are from valid structural model, loading and analysis
Assumed design wind speed is 120 km/h
Weight of super imposed soil, self-weight of columns and tie beams included

Design codes :

EIA/TIA-222F, Structural Standards for Steel Antenna Towers and Antenna Supporting

4
 Structures, Telecommunications Industry Association, 1996.

Foundation Analysis and Design, Bowles, 5th Ed., Mc-Graw Hill, 1996

Recommendations on Excavations, the German Society of Geotechnics, 2003

Design Tools:

TFOOT - Special Purpose Program for calculating Uplift capacity of Pad foundation
© Engineering Software Research Centre, Bandung, Indonesia
Based on above References.

Spreadsheet and Calculator

4. Summary of Calculations

1. Normal Soil, No cohesion, No Friction, No water, Good Compaction

Ref. Appendices 7.1
Tn = 1096.88 kN DCR = Tu/(Tn/SF) = 0.994 <= 1.0 -> OK

2. Normal Soil, No cohesion, No Friction, With water, Good Compaction

Ref. Appendices 7.2
Tn = 380.50 kN DCR = Tu/(Tn/SF) = 2.474 > 1.0 -> Not OK

3. Normal Soil, No cohesion, No Friction, No water, Poor Compaction

Ref. Appendices 7.3
Tn = 654.54 kN DCR = Tu/(Tn/SF) = 1.576 > 1.0 -> Not OK

5. Conclusions

1. Foundation uplift capacity for normal condition is OK but very close to the maximum
capacity (0.994)
2. Foundation uplift capacity for poorly compacted soil or submerged condition is not OK
3. To accept this design, the contractor must protect the surface of the area from flooding,
and to ensure that the filled soils is well compacted

6. Recommendations

1. To have greater safety margin, it is recommended to enlarge column and tie beam size, to
increase concrete weight, thus increase the uplift capacity

2. In possible flood area or heavily rain area, the surface must be protected by some kind of
waterproof layer such as asphalt layer, concrete floor, roofing, etc.

5
 APPENDICES
1. Theoretical Background

Tension Capacity of a tower pad foundation can be calculated as follows:

Tu <= Tn/SF

or in Demand Capacity Ratio (DCR) Form:

DCR = Tu/(Tn/SF) <= 1.0

In more specific formula from TIA/EIA-222F using different safety factors for concrete weight
and soil weight, we get :

Tn/SF = (Wr/2.0) + (Wc/1.25) >= Up

Tn/SF = (Wr + Wc)/1.5 >= Up

Where :

Tu = applied tension force = Up

Tn = available uplift resistance
SF = safety factor = 1.5 – 2.5 (Typical value for Tower is 1.5)

Wr = Soil Weight
Wc = Concrete Weight
Up = Uplift force = Tu

SF = 1.5 for typical applications

SF = 2.0-2.5 for poorly compacted soil
SF = 1.2 for well compacted soil and soil cohesion/friction neglected

Available resistance Tn is a sum of several factors:

Tn = Tn1 + Tn2 + Tn3 + Tn4 – Tn5 – Tn6 + Wgc

where:

Tau = Su + ku x Sigma,n x Tan phi -> Shear stress from c and phi

Tn1 = Contribution from cohesive force, Su

Tn2 = Contribution from Normal friction force, (ku x Sigma,n x Tan phi)
Tn3 = Soil weight inside the uplift wedge
Tn4 = Top Soil Weight (outside wedge)
Tn5 = Weight of soil displaced by column

6
 Tn6 = Weight of soil displaced by slab

Wgc = Weight of concrete column and slab = Wgcol + Wgslab

Wgcol = Weight of concrete column
Wgslab = Weight of concrete slab

and,

Tn1 = integral (p x Su x ds x cos theta), y=0..H

-> dy = ds x cos theta
= integral (p x Su x dy)
Tn2 = integral (p x Sign x tan phi x dy), y=0..H
Tn3 = integral (Ys x A(y) x dy, y = 0..H
Tn4 = Atop x L1 x Ys
Tn5 = Bc x Bc x Hc x Ys
Tn6 = B x L x Tp x Ys
Wgcol = Bc x Bc x Hc x Ycon
Wgslab = B x L x Tp x Ycon

Where Theta <= theta_optimal or phi

Theta_optimal is theta max where the soil cohesive or friction resistance will start to
reduce. Theta,max can be taken from vertical slope failure angle:

Theta,max = Failure angle = 45-phi/2 or 30.0 degrees

Tn1, Tn2 should be neglected for TIA/EIA-222F 7.2.4

Formula derived from above integrals are:

For Circular shape:

Tn1 = Pi*su*(D*H + H*H*tantheta)

Tn2 = Pi*ku*Ysoil*tanphi*(sh*D*Hb*H - sh*D*H*H/2 + Hb*H*h*tantheta –
2*H*H*H*tantheta/3)
Tn3 = 0.25*Pi*Ysoil*(D*BD*H + 2*D*H*H*tantheta + (4.0/3)*H^3*tantheta^2)
Tn4 = 0.25*Pi*Ysoil*L1*(D + 2*H*tantheta)^2
Tn5 = 0.25*Pi*Bc*Bc*Hc*Ysoil
Tn6 = 0.25*Pi*D^2*Tp*Ysoil

and for Square/Rectangular shape:

Tn1 = 2*su*(B*H + L*H + 2*H^2*tantheta)

Tn2 = 2*ku*Ys*tanphi*(Hb*(2*sh*B+L-B)*H + 2*Hb*H^2*tantheta - (H^2/2)*(2*sh*B+L-B) -

7
 (4*H^3/3)*tantheta)
Tn3 = Ys*(B*L*H + (B+L)*H^2*tantheta + (4/3)*H^3*tantheta)
Tn4 = Ys*L1*(B + 2*H*tantheta)*(L + 2*H*tantheta)
Tn5 = Bc*Bc*Hc*Ysoil
Tn6 = B*L*Tp*Ysoil

where:

sh = shape factor = 1 + m((Hb/B)

Su = soil cohesion
phi = soil friction
tantheta = tan(theta)
tanphi = tan(phi)

if (Hb/B > Hbmax) : L1 = Hb – B*Hbmax, H = Hb-L1

To include shape factor, replace B with sh*B and L with sh*B + L-B

B -> sh*B
L -> sh*B + L-B
sh = 1 + m (Hb/B) <= sh,max

With values for Hbmax, m and shmax can be taken from following table:

Table for Hbmax, m, sfmax: from Ref 1, p.272.

Params Values for friction angle phi (in degrees)

Phi 20 25 30 35 40 45 48
Hbmax 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 7.0 9.0 11.0
m 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.25 0.35 0.50 0.60
sh,max 1.12 1.30 1.60 2.25 4.45 5.50 7.60

2. Design Procedures

Analysis procedure for Tension Capacity is as follows:

1. Select Soil Parameters

2. Select Foundation Size Parameters and Applied Force
3. Find Optimum Frustrum Angle (Theta)
4. Run for a selected soil type using optimum theta
5. Run for All Soil Types using Optimum Theta
6. Print Report

7. For footings founded in very poor soil (Soft Clay, peat, organic), Robinson and Taylor
(1969) recommended that resistance factors Tn1 and Tn2 can be neglected, and use only
soil wedge for the uplift resistance with safety factor = 1.2.

8
3. Soil Types

To cover all possible soil types, a database of typical soil types covering most of soil types in the
field was created, based on published data in several textbooks. The soil parameters here are
typical values, and the actual parameters should be used instead if available.

(Ref: Recommendations on Excavations, the German Society for Geotechnics, Ernst & Sohn,
2003, p.191-193)

In the database, values of c and phi are included for total and effective stress, while values for Ys
(Soil unit weight) are included for dry, saturated and submerged/flood conditions.

Rock types of soil are excluded in this study because it needs special anchorage to resist
tension.

Expansive Soils are also excluded in this study, because the expansive potential of the soils is
usually varies. The expansive pressure can be included in the analysis by adding the applied
force by B x L x qe, where B,L are pad dimension and qe is expansive pressure.

9
 No. Soil Type Description
1 User User Defined Soil Properties
2 Gravel Gravel/Stones, Loose, Well graded
3 Gravel Gravel/Stones, Medium, Well graded
4 Gravel Gravel/Stones, Dense, Well graded
5 Sand Sand/Silty Sand, Loose, Well graded
6 Sand Sand/Silty Sand, Medium, Well graded
7 Sand Sand/Silty Sand, Dense, Well graded
8 Sand Sand/Gravel Sand, Loose, Poor graded
9 Sand Sand/Gravel Sand, Medium, Poor graded
10 Sand Sand/Gravel Sand, Dense, Poor graded
11 Sand Sand/Silty Gravel, Loose, Poor graded
12 Sand Sand/Silty Gravel, Medium, Poor graded
13 Sand Sand/Silty Gravel, Dense, Poor graded
14 Clay Clay/Silt, Soft, High Plasticity
15 Clay Clay/Silt, Medium, High Plasticity
16 Clay Clay/Silt, Stiff, High Plasticity
17 Clay Clay/Silt, Soft, Medium Plasticity
18 Clay Clay/Silt, Medium, Medium Plasticity
19 Clay Clay/Silt, Stiff, Medium Plasticity
20 Clay Clay/Silt, Soft, Low Plasticity
21 Clay Clay/Silt, Medium, Low Plasticity
22 Clay Clay/Silt, Stiff, Low Plasticity
23 Organic Organic Clay/Silt, Soft
24 Organic Organic Clay/Silt, Firm
25 Peat Peat, No Preload
26 Peat Peat, Small Preload

Basic Soil Parameters used are:

Ys Soil Unit Wgt

Ysr Soil Unit Wgt, Saturated
Ys1 Soil Unit Weight, Submerged, Effective
C' Effective Soil Cohesion
Cu Total Soil Cohesion, Undrained
Phi' Effective Friction Angle
Phi,u Total Friction Angle

Foundation Size Parameters:

D Diameter of circular shape

B Width of square/rectangular shape
L Length of rectangular shape
Hb Total depth of foundation base
L1 Depth considered as super imposed load
H Depth considered as soil contributing to resist uplift
Hc Column height from top of slab

10
Uplift Force Option:

Theta Frustrum angle <= phi

ku Coeficient for lateral pressure use to calculate normal friction
ku can be taken from any of following equations:
(We can take ku = ka, as this equation will give smallest value of ku)

For phi = 22.5 degrees:

kp = kp = tan^2(45+phi/2) : 2.24
ka = ka = tan^2(45-phi/2) : 0.45 -> smallest
ko = ko = 1-sin(phi) : 0.62
kp1 = kp = tan(45+phi/2) : 0.67
ku1 = 0.65 + 0.5*phi,rad : 0.85

4. Soil Conditions

Various possible soil conditions are also included in the analysis:

a. Soil Density

For Sand : Loose, Medium, Dense

For Clay : Soft, Medium, Stiff

b. Soil Plasticity

For Clay : Low, Medium, High

c. Grainsize Distribution (Grading)

Poor : Contains only certain ranges of granular size

Good/Well : Contains full range of granular size

d. Compaction of Backfill

Compaction quality: Poor, Good

e. Water content condition

Normal/Dry -> Normal condition

Saturated -> Almost flooded, wet condition
Submerged/Flooded -> Tower pad will be uplifted by buoyancy force

f. Pull Out Zone

Pull Out zone can be pessimistic using cylinder/cube shape or optimistic using

11
 pyramid/cone shape.

g. Frustrum Angle

If Pyramid or cone shape was selected for pull out zone, one can enter the frustrum angle,
i.e. The inclination angle of pyramid or cone shape.

The frustrum angle can also be found automatically by clicking the available button :
[Find Optimum Theta] and should be taken equal or smaller than friction angle phi.

h. Soil Weight

Soil Unit Weight is selected automatically if one select any soil type.
User can also enter any value.

The selected value can also be override by checking the [Use Ys for Uplift] where the
reduced value of 16 kN/m3 will be used instead, to get safer result.

Not all soil inside the overall depth will be calculated for soil wedge weight.
If the ratio of depth of base to width of foundation is bigger than Hbmax, then some part of
top soil will be calculated as superimposed load:

5. Foundation Shape

Foundation Shape that can be handled by this study is :

Circular, Square and Rectangular

Column size must be entered. Column height can be different than foundation slab depth
(column can extend above ground level).

Concrete slab size and depth from ground must be entered.

6. Selecting Design Parameters

1. Use frustrum angle theta <= friction angle phi

2. Neglect cohesion and normal friction for very poor/soft soil
3. For flooded condition use submerged Ys1 = Ysr – 10 kN/m3
4. Use ku = ka for minimum safety factor
5. Use SF = 1.5 for well compacted soil
6. Use SF = 2.0-2.5 for poorly compacted soil
7. For very soft soil, neglect theta (theta = 0)
8. Use actual soil parameters if possible
9. If (SF > 1.0 or using LRFD equations), applied tensile force is unfactored force

12
7. Detail Calculation (from Provided Test Data)

Project Name : Indosat Roll Out 2007

Tower Type : SST 72M Light Duty
Soil Type : Clay/Silt, Stiff, Medium Plasticity
Foundation Shape : Rectangular
Compaction Condition : Good
Water Condition : Normal
Pull Out Zone : Prism/Cone
Use Ys for uplift : 16 kN/m3

Drawing Ref. No. : DCK/I-SAT RO-07-72L/9, 08 Maret 2007

Reactions taken from : Design report file : “5. Foundation Design 72m.pdf”

B = L = 4.1m Hb = 2.2 m Tp = 0.35 m Hc = 2.15 m

Bc = 0.55 m Phi = 22.5 deg SF = 1.5 ku = ka
Ycon = 24 kN/m3 Tu = 595 kN theta = 30.0 deg

1. Normal Soil, No cohesion, No Friction, No water, Good Compaction

Tn = 1096.88 kN DCR = Tu/(Tn/SF) = 0.994 <= 1.0 -> OK

ESRC Design Utility

Tension Capacity of Foot Foundation
(C) Nathan Madutujuh, ESRC, 1999-2008
Refs: Foundation Analysis and Design, Bowles, J.E., 5th Ed., 1996

13
 Recommendations on Excavations, German Society for Geotechnics, 2003

LICENSEE : Thomas Johannsen, Design Manager, Nokia-Siemens Network, APAC

1. PARAMETERS

Soil Type : 3 (CLAY)

Soil Code : TL,UL
Soil Name : Clay/Silt, Low PL
Soil Density : Stiff
Soil Grading :

Unit Weight of Soil, Normal, Ys : 16.00 kN/m3

Unit Weight of Soil, Saturated, Ysr : 17.00 kN/m3
Unit Weight of Soil, Submerged, Ys' : 7.00 kN/m3

Effective Soil Friction Angle, Phi' : 27.50 deg

Total Soil Friction Angle, Phiu : 0.00 deg

Effective Soil Cohesion, C' : 5.00 kN/m2

Total Soil Cohesion, Undrained, Cu : 40.00 kN/m2

Frustrum Angle, Theta : 30.00 deg

Max Frustrum Angle = 45-phi/2 = Theta,max : 31.25 deg

Soil Water Condition : Normal

Pull Out Zone Option : Cube (theta=0)
Soil Compaction : Good
Soil Frustrum Option : User-defined
Soil Option for Ku : Ku = Ka
Include Cohesion su : NO
Include Normal Friction Sig,n : NO

Footing Shape : Square

Safety Factor, SF : 1.50

Footing Width, B : 4.10 m

Footing Depth, Hb : 2.20 m
Slab Thickness, Tp : 0.35 m

Total Column Height, Hc : 2.15 m

Total Column Width, Bc : 0.55 m

Tie Beam Width, Btb : 0.20 m

Tie Beam Height, Htb : 0.40 m
Tie Beam Length, Ltb : 5.50 m

Concrete Unit Weight, Yc : 24.00 kN/m3

2. CALCULATION

Concrete Column Wgt, Wcol : 15.61 kN

Tie Beam Wgt Wtb : 10.55 kN
Concrete Slab Wgt, Wslab : 141.20 kN
Total Concrete Wgt, Wgc : 167.37 kN

Used Soil Unit Weight, Ys : 16.00 kN/m3

Used Soil Friction Angle, Phi : 27.50 deg
Used Soil Cohesion, C : 5.00 kN/m2

kp = kp = tan^2(45+phi/2) : 2.72
ka = ka = tan^2(45-phi/2) : 0.37
ko = ko = 1-sin(phi) : 0.54
kp1 = kp = tan(45+phi/2) : 0.61
ku1 = 0.65 + 0.5*phi,rad : 0.89

ku = ka = tan^2(45-phi/2) : 0.37

Hbmax : 3.500 m

14
 m : 0.125
shmax : 1.450

sh = 1 + m*Hb/B : 1.067
Used sh : 1.067

Used L1 = Hb - HBmax*B : 0.000 m

Used H = Hb - L1 : 2.200 m

Tn1 = Resistance causes by soil cohesive forces

Tn2 = Resistance causes by soil normal friction
Tn3 = Resistance causes by soil wedge weight
Tn4 = Resistance causes by top soil weight
Tn5 = Weight of soil displaced by pedestal column
Tn6 = Weight of soil displaced by concrete slab

For very poor soil, Tn1 and Tn2 can be neglected, and SF >= 1.2

Square or Rectangular Shape:

Tn1 = neglected : 0.00 kN

Tn2 = neglected : 0.00 kN
Tn3 = Ys*(B*L*H + (B+L)*H^2*tantheta + (4/3)*H^3*tantheta) : 1034.05 kN
Tn4 = Ys*L1*(B + 2*H*tantheta)*(L + 2*H*tantheta) : 0.00 kN
Tn5 = Bc*Bc*Hc*Ysoil : 10.41 kN
Tn6 = BD*BD*Tp*Ysoil : 94.14 kN
Tns = Tn1 + Tn2 + Tn3 + Tn4 - Tn5 - Tn6 : 929.51 kN

Ts = Resistance from Soil Strength = Tn1 + Tn2 : 0.00 kN

Wgc = Resistance from Concrete Weight = Wgcol+Wgslab : 167.37 kN
Wgs = Resistance from Soil Weight = Tn3+Tn4-Tn5-Tn6 : 929.51 kN
Total Weight = Wgc + Wgs : 1096.88 kN

3. OUTPUT

3.a. TIA/EIA-222F Formula: (WR/2.0) + (WC/1.25) >= UP

Tu = Applied Tension Forces : 595.00 kN

Tn = Total Resistance = Tns + Wgc : 1096.88 kN

Safety Factor SF : 1.500

Demand/Capacity Ratio = Tu/(Tn/SF)) : 0.994 <= 1.0 -> OK

3.b. TIA/EIA-222F Formula: (WR + WC)/1.5 >= UP

Tu = Applied Tension Forces : 595.00 kN

Tn = Total Resistance = Tns + Wgc : 1096.88 kN

Safety Factor SF : 1.500

Demand/Capacity Ratio = Tu/(Tn/SF)) : 0.814 <= 1.0 -> OK

Available Safety Factor = Tn/Tu : 1.843 >= 1.500 -> OK

Summary:

Max Demand/Capacity Ratio = Tu/(Tn/SF)) : 0.994 <= 1.0 -> OK

15
RUN FOR ALL SOIL TYPES:
ESRC Design Utility
Tension Capacity of Foot Foundation
(C) Nathan Madutujuh, ESRC, 1999-2008
Refs: Foundation Analysis and Design, Bowles, J.E., 5th Ed., 1996
Recommendations on Excavations, German Society for Geotechnics, 2003

LICENSEE : Thomas Johannsen, Design Manager, Nokia-Siemens Network, APAC

1. PARAMETERS

Soil Type : 3 (CLAY)

Soil Code : TL,UL
Soil Name : Clay/Silt, Low PL
Soil Density : Stiff
Soil Grading :

Unit Weight of Soil, Normal, Ys : 16.00 kN/m3

Unit Weight of Soil, Saturated, Ysr : 17.00 kN/m3
Unit Weight of Soil, Submerged, Ys' : 7.00 kN/m3

Effective Soil Friction Angle, Phi' : 27.50 deg

Total Soil Friction Angle, Phiu : 0.00 deg

Effective Soil Cohesion, C' : 5.00 kN/m2

Total Soil Cohesion, Undrained, Cu : 40.00 kN/m2

Frustrum Angle, Theta : 30.00 deg

Max Frustrum Angle = 45-phi/2 = Theta,max : 31.25 deg

Soil Water Condition : Normal

Pull Out Zone Option : Cube (theta=0)
Soil Compaction : Good
Soil Frustrum Option : User-defined
Soil Option for Ku : Ku = Ka
Include Cohesion su : NO
Include Normal Friction Sig,n : NO

Footing Shape : Square

Safety Factor, SF : 1.50

Footing Width, B : 4.10 m

Footing Depth, Hb : 2.20 m
Slab Thickness, Tp : 0.35 m

Total Column Height, Hc : 2.15 m

Total Column Width, Bc : 0.55 m

Tie Beam Width, Btb : 0.20 m

Tie Beam Height, Htb : 0.40 m
Tie Beam Length, Ltb : 5.50 m

Concrete Unit Weight, Yc : 24.00 kN/m3

2. CALCULATION

Concrete Column Wgt, Wcol : 15.61 kN

Tie Beam Wgt Wtb : 10.55 kN
Concrete Slab Wgt, Wslab : 141.20 kN
Total Concrete Wgt, Wgc : 167.37 kN

Used Soil Unit Weight, Ys : 16.00 kN/m3

Used Soil Friction Angle, Phi : 27.50 deg
Used Soil Cohesion, C : 5.00 kN/m2

kp = kp = tan^2(45+phi/2) : 2.72
ka = ka = tan^2(45-phi/2) : 0.37

16
 ko = ko = 1-sin(phi) : 0.54
kp1 = kp = tan(45+phi/2) : 0.61
ku1 = 0.65 + 0.5*phi,rad : 0.89

ku = ka = tan^2(45-phi/2) : 0.37

Hbmax : 3.500 m
m : 0.125
shmax : 1.450

sh = 1 + m*Hb/B : 1.067
Used sh : 1.067

Used L1 = Hb - HBmax*B : 0.000 m

Used H = Hb - L1 : 2.200 m

Tn1 = Resistance causes by soil cohesive forces

Tn2 = Resistance causes by soil normal friction
Tn3 = Resistance causes by soil wedge weight
Tn4 = Resistance causes by top soil weight
Tn5 = Weight of soil displaced by pedestal column
Tn6 = Weight of soil displaced by concrete slab

For very poor soil, Tn1 and Tn2 can be neglected, and SF >= 1.2

Square or Rectangular Shape:

Tn1 = neglected : 0.00 kN

Tn2 = neglected : 0.00 kN
Tn3 = Ys*(B*L*H + (B+L)*H^2*tantheta + (4/3)*H^3*tantheta) : 1034.05 kN
Tn4 = Ys*L1*(B + 2*H*tantheta)*(L + 2*H*tantheta) : 0.00 kN
Tn5 = Bc*Bc*Hc*Ysoil : 10.41 kN
Tn6 = BD*BD*Tp*Ysoil : 94.14 kN
Tns = Tn1 + Tn2 + Tn3 + Tn4 - Tn5 - Tn6 : 929.51 kN

Ts = Resistance from Soil Strength = Tn1 + Tn2 : 0.00 kN

Wgc = Resistance from Concrete Weight = Wgcol+Wgslab : 167.37 kN
Wgs = Resistance from Soil Weight = Tn3+Tn4-Tn5-Tn6 : 929.51 kN
Total Weight = Wgc + Wgs : 1096.88 kN

3. OUTPUT

3.a. TIA/EIA-222F Formula: (WR/2.0) + (WC/1.25) >= UP

Tu = Applied Tension Forces : 595.00 kN

Tn = Total Resistance = Tns + Wgc : 1096.88 kN

Safety Factor SF : 1.500

Demand/Capacity Ratio = Tu/(Tn/SF)) : 0.994 <= 1.0 -> OK

3.b. TIA/EIA-222F Formula: (WR + WC)/1.5 >= UP

Tu = Applied Tension Forces : 595.00 kN

Tn = Total Resistance = Tns + Wgc : 1096.88 kN

Safety Factor SF : 1.500

Demand/Capacity Ratio = Tu/(Tn/SF)) : 0.814 <= 1.0 -> OK

Available Safety Factor = Tn/Tu : 1.843 >= 1.500 -> OK

Summary:

Max Demand/Capacity Ratio = Tu/(Tn/SF)) : 0.994 <= 1.0 -> OK

4. ITERATE FOR ALL FRUSTRUM ANGLE (THETA) VALUES

Compaction: Good, Water Condition: Normal, Pull Out Zone : Cube (theta=0)
Frustrum Option : User-defined, angle : variable, Ku option : Ku = Ka
Footing Shape : Square, Include Cohesion : NO, Include Normal Friction : NO

17
 DCR <= 1.0 = OK
========================================================================================================================================================================
No Soil Type Ys Su Phi Theta Wgc Wgs Tn1 Tn2 Tn3 Tn4 Tn5 Tn6 Tns Tn/SF Tu DCR Status
kN/m3 kN/m2 Deg Deg kN kN kN kN kN kN kN kN kN kN kN
========================================================================================================================================================================
1 Clay/Silt, Stiff, Low Plasticity 16.0 5.0 27.5 0.0 167.37 487.17 0.00 0.00 591.71 0.00 10.41 94.14 487.17 436.36 595.00 1.58 NOT OK
2 Clay/Silt, Stiff, Low Plasticity 16.0 5.0 27.5 2.5 167.37 515.33 0.00 0.00 619.87 0.00 10.41 94.14 515.33 455.13 595.00 1.52 NOT OK
3 Clay/Silt, Stiff, Low Plasticity 16.0 5.0 27.5 5.0 167.37 544.46 0.00 0.00 649.01 0.00 10.41 94.14 544.46 474.55 595.00 1.47 NOT OK
4 Clay/Silt, Stiff, Low Plasticity 16.0 5.0 27.5 7.5 167.37 574.71 0.00 0.00 679.25 0.00 10.41 94.14 574.71 494.72 595.00 1.41 NOT OK
5 Clay/Silt, Stiff, Low Plasticity 16.0 5.0 27.5 10.0 167.37 606.20 0.00 0.00 710.74 0.00 10.41 94.14 606.20 515.71 595.00 1.36 NOT OK
6 Clay/Silt, Stiff, Low Plasticity 16.0 5.0 27.5 12.5 167.37 639.11 0.00 0.00 743.65 0.00 10.41 94.14 639.11 537.65 595.00 1.31 NOT OK
7 Clay/Silt, Stiff, Low Plasticity 16.0 5.0 27.5 15.0 167.37 673.63 0.00 0.00 778.17 0.00 10.41 94.14 673.63 560.66 595.00 1.26 NOT OK
8 Clay/Silt, Stiff, Low Plasticity 16.0 5.0 27.5 17.5 167.37 709.97 0.00 0.00 814.51 0.00 10.41 94.14 709.97 584.89 595.00 1.22 NOT OK
9 Clay/Silt, Stiff, Low Plasticity 16.0 5.0 27.5 20.0 167.37 748.39 0.00 0.00 852.93 0.00 10.41 94.14 748.39 610.50 595.00 1.17 NOT OK
10 Clay/Silt, Stiff, Low Plasticity 16.0 5.0 27.5 22.5 167.37 789.17 0.00 0.00 893.71 0.00 10.41 94.14 789.17 637.69 595.00 1.13 NOT OK
11 Clay/Silt, Stiff, Low Plasticity 16.0 5.0 27.5 25.0 167.37 832.67 0.00 0.00 937.21 0.00 10.41 94.14 832.67 666.69 595.00 1.08 NOT OK
12 Clay/Silt, Stiff, Low Plasticity 16.0 5.0 27.5 27.5 167.37 879.29 0.00 0.00 983.83 0.00 10.41 94.14 879.29 697.77 595.00 1.04 NOT OK
13 Clay/Silt, Stiff, Low Plasticity 16.0 5.0 27.5 30.0 167.37 929.51 0.00 0.00 1034.05 0.00 10.41 94.14 929.51 731.25 595.00 0.99 OK
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. COMPARE FOR ALL SOIL TYPES

a. Normal Condition

Compaction: Good, Water Condition: Normal, Pull Out Zone : Cube (theta=0)
Frustrum Option : User-defined, angle : 30.0 deg, Ku option : Ku = Ka
Footing Shape : Square, Include Cohesion : NO, Include Normal Friction : NO

DCR <= 1.0 = OK

==================================================================================================================================================================
No Soil Type Ys Su Phi Wgc Wgs Tn1 Tn2 Tn3 Tn4 Tn5 Tn6 Tns Tn/SF Tu DCR Status
kN/m3 kN/m2 Deg kN kN kN kN kN kN kN kN kN kN kN
==================================================================================================================================================================
1 Gravel/Stones, Loose, Well graded 16.0 0.0 32.5 167.37 929.51 0.00 0.00 1034.05 0.00 10.41 94.14 929.51 731.25 595.00 0.99 OK
2 Gravel/Stones, Medium, Well graded 16.0 0.0 35.0 167.37 929.51 0.00 0.00 1034.05 0.00 10.41 94.14 929.51 731.25 595.00 0.99 OK
3 Gravel/Stones, Dense, Well graded 16.0 0.0 37.5 167.37 929.51 0.00 0.00 1034.05 0.00 10.41 94.14 929.51 731.25 595.00 0.99 OK
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 Sand/Silty Sand, Loose, Well graded 16.0 0.0 30.0 167.37 929.51 0.00 0.00 1034.05 0.00 10.41 94.14 929.51 731.25 595.00 0.99 OK
5 Sand/Silty Sand, Medium, Well graded 16.0 0.0 32.5 167.37 929.51 0.00 0.00 1034.05 0.00 10.41 94.14 929.51 731.25 595.00 0.99 OK
6 Sand/Silty Sand, Dense, Well graded 16.0 0.0 35.0 167.37 929.51 0.00 0.00 1034.05 0.00 10.41 94.14 929.51 731.25 595.00 0.99 OK
7 Sand/Gravel Sand, Loose, Poor graded 16.0 0.0 30.0 167.37 929.51 0.00 0.00 1034.05 0.00 10.41 94.14 929.51 731.25 595.00 0.99 OK
8 Sand/Gravel Sand, Medium, Poor graded 16.0 0.0 32.5 167.37 929.51 0.00 0.00 1034.05 0.00 10.41 94.14 929.51 731.25 595.00 0.99 OK
9 Sand/Gravel Sand, Dense, Poor graded 16.0 0.0 35.0 167.37 929.51 0.00 0.00 1034.05 0.00 10.41 94.14 929.51 731.25 595.00 0.99 OK
10 Sand/Silty Gravel, Loose, Poor graded 16.0 0.0 30.0 167.37 929.51 0.00 0.00 1034.05 0.00 10.41 94.14 929.51 731.25 595.00 0.99 OK
11 Sand/Silty Gravel, Medium, Poor graded 16.0 0.0 32.5 167.37 929.51 0.00 0.00 1034.05 0.00 10.41 94.14 929.51 731.25 595.00 0.99 OK
12 Sand/Silty Gravel, Dense, Poor graded 16.0 0.0 35.0 167.37 929.51 0.00 0.00 1034.05 0.00 10.41 94.14 929.51 731.25 595.00 0.99 OK
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13 Clay/Silt, Soft, High Plasticity 16.0 0.0 17.5 167.37 929.51 0.00 0.00 1034.05 0.00 10.41 94.14 929.51 731.25 595.00 0.99 OK
14 Clay/Silt, Medium, High Plasticity 16.0 10.0 17.5 167.37 929.51 0.00 0.00 1034.05 0.00 10.41 94.14 929.51 731.25 595.00 0.99 OK
15 Clay/Silt, Stiff, High Plasticity 16.0 25.0 17.5 167.37 929.51 0.00 0.00 1034.05 0.00 10.41 94.14 929.51 731.25 595.00 0.99 OK
16 Clay/Silt, Soft, Medium Plasticity 16.0 0.0 22.5 167.37 929.51 0.00 0.00 1034.05 0.00 10.41 94.14 929.51 731.25 595.00 0.99 OK
17 Clay/Silt, Medium, Medium Plasticity 16.0 5.0 22.5 167.37 929.51 0.00 0.00 1034.05 0.00 10.41 94.14 929.51 731.25 595.00 0.99 OK
18 Clay/Silt, Stiff, Medium Plasticity 16.0 10.0 22.5 167.37 929.51 0.00 0.00 1034.05 0.00 10.41 94.14 929.51 731.25 595.00 0.99 OK
19 Clay/Silt, Soft, Low Plasticity 16.0 0.0 27.5 167.37 929.51 0.00 0.00 1034.05 0.00 10.41 94.14 929.51 731.25 595.00 0.99 OK
20 Clay/Silt, Medium, Low Plasticity 16.0 2.0 27.5 167.37 929.51 0.00 0.00 1034.05 0.00 10.41 94.14 929.51 731.25 595.00 0.99 OK
21 Clay/Silt, Stiff, Low Plasticity 16.0 5.0 27.5 167.37 929.51 0.00 0.00 1034.05 0.00 10.41 94.14 929.51 731.25 595.00 0.99 OK
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22 Organic Clay/Silt, Soft 14.0 0.0 15.0 167.37 813.32 0.00 0.00 904.80 0.00 9.11 82.37 813.32 653.79 595.00 1.10 NOT OK
23 Organic Clay/Silt, Firm 16.0 0.0 15.0 167.37 929.51 0.00 0.00 1034.05 0.00 10.41 94.14 929.51 731.25 595.00 0.99 OK
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24 Peat, No Preload 11.0 2.0 15.0 167.37 639.04 0.00 0.00 710.91 0.00 7.15 64.72 639.04 537.60 595.00 1.31 NOT OK
25 Peat, Small Preload 13.0 5.0 15.0 167.37 755.23 0.00 0.00 840.17 0.00 8.45 76.49 755.23 615.06 595.00 1.16 NOT OK
==================================================================================================================================================================

b. Poorly Compacted Condition

Compaction: Poor, Water Condition: Normal, Pull Out Zone : Cube (theta=0)
Frustrum Option : User-defined, angle : 30.0 deg, Ku option : Ku = Ka, Poorly Compacted, Reduce Ys x 90%
Footing Shape : Square, Include Cohesion : NO, Include Normal Friction : NO

DCR <= 1.0 = OK

==================================================================================================================================================================
No Soil Type Ys Su Phi Wgc Wgs Tn1 Tn2 Tn3 Tn4 Tn5 Tn6 Tns Tn/SF Tu DCR Status
kN/m3 kN/m2 Deg kN kN kN kN kN kN kN kN kN kN kN
==================================================================================================================================================================
1 Gravel/Stones, Loose, Well graded 16.0 0.0 32.5 167.37 487.17 0.00 0.00 591.71 0.00 10.41 94.14 487.17 436.36 595.00 1.58 NOT OK
2 Gravel/Stones, Medium, Well graded 16.0 0.0 35.0 167.37 487.17 0.00 0.00 591.71 0.00 10.41 94.14 487.17 436.36 595.00 1.58 NOT OK
3 Gravel/Stones, Dense, Well graded 16.0 0.0 37.5 167.37 487.17 0.00 0.00 591.71 0.00 10.41 94.14 487.17 436.36 595.00 1.58 NOT OK
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 Sand/Silty Sand, Loose, Well graded 16.0 0.0 30.0 167.37 487.17 0.00 0.00 591.71 0.00 10.41 94.14 487.17 436.36 595.00 1.58 NOT OK
5 Sand/Silty Sand, Medium, Well graded 16.0 0.0 32.5 167.37 487.17 0.00 0.00 591.71 0.00 10.41 94.14 487.17 436.36 595.00 1.58 NOT OK
6 Sand/Silty Sand, Dense, Well graded 16.0 0.0 35.0 167.37 487.17 0.00 0.00 591.71 0.00 10.41 94.14 487.17 436.36 595.00 1.58 NOT OK
7 Sand/Gravel Sand, Loose, Poor graded 16.0 0.0 30.0 167.37 487.17 0.00 0.00 591.71 0.00 10.41 94.14 487.17 436.36 595.00 1.58 NOT OK
8 Sand/Gravel Sand, Medium, Poor graded 16.0 0.0 32.5 167.37 487.17 0.00 0.00 591.71 0.00 10.41 94.14 487.17 436.36 595.00 1.58 NOT OK
9 Sand/Gravel Sand, Dense, Poor graded 16.0 0.0 35.0 167.37 487.17 0.00 0.00 591.71 0.00 10.41 94.14 487.17 436.36 595.00 1.58 NOT OK
10 Sand/Silty Gravel, Loose, Poor graded 16.0 0.0 30.0 167.37 487.17 0.00 0.00 591.71 0.00 10.41 94.14 487.17 436.36 595.00 1.58 NOT OK
11 Sand/Silty Gravel, Medium, Poor graded 16.0 0.0 32.5 167.37 487.17 0.00 0.00 591.71 0.00 10.41 94.14 487.17 436.36 595.00 1.58 NOT OK
12 Sand/Silty Gravel, Dense, Poor graded 16.0 0.0 35.0 167.37 487.17 0.00 0.00 591.71 0.00 10.41 94.14 487.17 436.36 595.00 1.58 NOT OK
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13 Clay/Silt, Soft, High Plasticity 16.0 0.0 17.5 167.37 487.17 0.00 0.00 591.71 0.00 10.41 94.14 487.17 436.36 595.00 1.58 NOT OK
14 Clay/Silt, Medium, High Plasticity 16.0 10.0 17.5 167.37 487.17 0.00 0.00 591.71 0.00 10.41 94.14 487.17 436.36 595.00 1.58 NOT OK
15 Clay/Silt, Stiff, High Plasticity 16.0 25.0 17.5 167.37 487.17 0.00 0.00 591.71 0.00 10.41 94.14 487.17 436.36 595.00 1.58 NOT OK
16 Clay/Silt, Soft, Medium Plasticity 16.0 0.0 22.5 167.37 487.17 0.00 0.00 591.71 0.00 10.41 94.14 487.17 436.36 595.00 1.58 NOT OK
17 Clay/Silt, Medium, Medium Plasticity 16.0 5.0 22.5 167.37 487.17 0.00 0.00 591.71 0.00 10.41 94.14 487.17 436.36 595.00 1.58 NOT OK
18 Clay/Silt, Stiff, Medium Plasticity 16.0 10.0 22.5 167.37 487.17 0.00 0.00 591.71 0.00 10.41 94.14 487.17 436.36 595.00 1.58 NOT OK
19 Clay/Silt, Soft, Low Plasticity 16.0 0.0 27.5 167.37 487.17 0.00 0.00 591.71 0.00 10.41 94.14 487.17 436.36 595.00 1.58 NOT OK
20 Clay/Silt, Medium, Low Plasticity 16.0 2.0 27.5 167.37 487.17 0.00 0.00 591.71 0.00 10.41 94.14 487.17 436.36 595.00 1.58 NOT OK
21 Clay/Silt, Stiff, Low Plasticity 16.0 5.0 27.5 167.37 487.17 0.00 0.00 591.71 0.00 10.41 94.14 487.17 436.36 595.00 1.58 NOT OK
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22 Organic Clay/Silt, Soft 14.0 0.0 15.0 167.37 426.27 0.00 0.00 517.75 0.00 9.11 82.37 426.27 395.76 595.00 1.71 NOT OK
23 Organic Clay/Silt, Firm 16.0 0.0 15.0 167.37 487.17 0.00 0.00 591.71 0.00 10.41 94.14 487.17 436.36 595.00 1.58 NOT OK
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24 Peat, No Preload 11.0 2.0 15.0 167.37 334.93 0.00 0.00 406.80 0.00 7.15 64.72 334.93 334.86 595.00 1.97 NOT OK
25 Peat, Small Preload 13.0 5.0 15.0 167.37 395.83 0.00 0.00 480.77 0.00 8.45 76.49 395.83 375.46 595.00 1.79 NOT OK

18
==================================================================================================================================================================

c. Temporary Flooded Condition

Compaction: Good, Water Condition: Submerged, Pull Out Zone : Cube (theta=0)
Frustrum Option : User-defined, angle : 0.0 deg, Ku option : Ku = Ka
Footing Shape : Square, Include Cohesion : NO, Include Normal Friction : NO

DCR <= 1.0 = OK

==================================================================================================================================================================
No Soil Type Ys Su Phi Wgc Wgs Tn1 Tn2 Tn3 Tn4 Tn5 Tn6 Tns Tn/SF Tu DCR Status
kN/m3 kN/m2 Deg kN kN kN kN kN kN kN kN kN kN kN
==================================================================================================================================================================
1 Gravel/Stones, Loose, Well graded 7.0 0.0 32.5 167.37 213.14 0.00 0.00 258.87 0.00 4.55 41.18 213.14 253.67 595.00 2.47 NOT OK
2 Gravel/Stones, Medium, Well graded 7.0 0.0 35.0 167.37 213.14 0.00 0.00 258.87 0.00 4.55 41.18 213.14 253.67 595.00 2.47 NOT OK
3 Gravel/Stones, Dense, Well graded 7.0 0.0 37.5 167.37 213.14 0.00 0.00 258.87 0.00 4.55 41.18 213.14 253.67 595.00 2.47 NOT OK
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 Sand/Silty Sand, Loose, Well graded 7.0 0.0 30.0 167.37 213.14 0.00 0.00 258.87 0.00 4.55 41.18 213.14 253.67 595.00 2.47 NOT OK
5 Sand/Silty Sand, Medium, Well graded 7.0 0.0 32.5 167.37 213.14 0.00 0.00 258.87 0.00 4.55 41.18 213.14 253.67 595.00 2.47 NOT OK
6 Sand/Silty Sand, Dense, Well graded 7.0 0.0 35.0 167.37 213.14 0.00 0.00 258.87 0.00 4.55 41.18 213.14 253.67 595.00 2.47 NOT OK
7 Sand/Gravel Sand, Loose, Poor graded 7.0 0.0 30.0 167.37 213.14 0.00 0.00 258.87 0.00 4.55 41.18 213.14 253.67 595.00 2.47 NOT OK
8 Sand/Gravel Sand, Medium, Poor graded 7.0 0.0 32.5 167.37 213.14 0.00 0.00 258.87 0.00 4.55 41.18 213.14 253.67 595.00 2.47 NOT OK
9 Sand/Gravel Sand, Dense, Poor graded 7.0 0.0 35.0 167.37 213.14 0.00 0.00 258.87 0.00 4.55 41.18 213.14 253.67 595.00 2.47 NOT OK
10 Sand/Silty Gravel, Loose, Poor graded 7.0 0.0 30.0 167.37 213.14 0.00 0.00 258.87 0.00 4.55 41.18 213.14 253.67 595.00 2.47 NOT OK
11 Sand/Silty Gravel, Medium, Poor graded 7.0 0.0 32.5 167.37 213.14 0.00 0.00 258.87 0.00 4.55 41.18 213.14 253.67 595.00 2.47 NOT OK
12 Sand/Silty Gravel, Dense, Poor graded 7.0 0.0 35.0 167.37 213.14 0.00 0.00 258.87 0.00 4.55 41.18 213.14 253.67 595.00 2.47 NOT OK
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13 Clay/Silt, Soft, High Plasticity 7.0 0.0 17.5 167.37 213.14 0.00 0.00 258.87 0.00 4.55 41.18 213.14 253.67 595.00 2.47 NOT OK
14 Clay/Silt, Medium, High Plasticity 7.0 10.0 17.5 167.37 213.14 0.00 0.00 258.87 0.00 4.55 41.18 213.14 253.67 595.00 2.47 NOT OK
15 Clay/Silt, Stiff, High Plasticity 7.0 25.0 17.5 167.37 213.14 0.00 0.00 258.87 0.00 4.55 41.18 213.14 253.67 595.00 2.47 NOT OK
16 Clay/Silt, Soft, Medium Plasticity 7.0 0.0 22.5 167.37 213.14 0.00 0.00 258.87 0.00 4.55 41.18 213.14 253.67 595.00 2.47 NOT OK
17 Clay/Silt, Medium, Medium Plasticity 7.0 5.0 22.5 167.37 213.14 0.00 0.00 258.87 0.00 4.55 41.18 213.14 253.67 595.00 2.47 NOT OK
18 Clay/Silt, Stiff, Medium Plasticity 7.0 10.0 22.5 167.37 213.14 0.00 0.00 258.87 0.00 4.55 41.18 213.14 253.67 595.00 2.47 NOT OK
19 Clay/Silt, Soft, Low Plasticity 7.0 0.0 27.5 167.37 213.14 0.00 0.00 258.87 0.00 4.55 41.18 213.14 253.67 595.00 2.47 NOT OK
20 Clay/Silt, Medium, Low Plasticity 7.0 2.0 27.5 167.37 213.14 0.00 0.00 258.87 0.00 4.55 41.18 213.14 253.67 595.00 2.47 NOT OK
21 Clay/Silt, Stiff, Low Plasticity 7.0 5.0 27.5 167.37 213.14 0.00 0.00 258.87 0.00 4.55 41.18 213.14 253.67 595.00 2.47 NOT OK
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22 Organic Clay/Silt, Soft 4.0 0.0 15.0 167.37 121.79 0.00 0.00 147.93 0.00 2.60 23.53 121.79 192.77 595.00 3.09 NOT OK
23 Organic Clay/Silt, Firm 7.0 0.0 15.0 167.37 213.14 0.00 0.00 258.87 0.00 4.55 41.18 213.14 253.67 595.00 2.47 NOT OK
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24 Peat, No Preload 1.0 2.0 15.0 167.37 30.45 0.00 0.00 36.98 0.00 0.65 5.88 30.45 131.88 595.00 4.51 NOT OK
25 Peat, Small Preload 3.0 5.0 15.0 167.37 91.34 0.00 0.00 110.95 0.00 1.95 17.65 91.34 172.47 595.00 3.45 NOT OK
==================================================================================================================================================================

19
 2. Normal Soil, No cohesion, No Friction, With water, Good Compaction

Tn = 380.50 kN DCR = Tu/(Tn/SF) = 2.474 > 1.0 -> Not OK

ESRC Design Utility

Tension Capacity of Foot Foundation
(C) Nathan Madutujuh, ESRC, 1999-2008
Refs: Foundation Analysis and Design, Bowles, J.E., 5th Ed., 1996
Recommendations on Excavations, German Society for Geotechnics, 2003

LICENSEE : Thomas Johannsen, Design Manager, Nokia-Siemens Network, APAC

1. PARAMETERS

Soil Type : 3 (CLAY)

Soil Code : TL,UL
Soil Name : Clay/Silt, Low PL
Soil Density : Stiff
Soil Grading :

Unit Weight of Soil, Normal, Ys : 16.00 kN/m3

Unit Weight of Soil, Saturated, Ysr : 17.00 kN/m3
Unit Weight of Soil, Submerged, Ys' : 7.00 kN/m3

Effective Soil Friction Angle, Phi' : 27.50 deg

Total Soil Friction Angle, Phiu : 0.00 deg

Effective Soil Cohesion, C' : 5.00 kN/m2

Total Soil Cohesion, Undrained, Cu : 40.00 kN/m2

Frustrum Angle, Theta : 0.00 deg

Max Frustrum Angle = 45-phi/2 = Theta,max : 31.25 deg

Soil Water Condition : Submerged

20
 Pull Out Zone Option : Cube (theta=0)
Soil Compaction : Good
Soil Frustrum Option : User-defined
Soil Option for Ku : Ku = Ka
Include Cohesion su : NO
Include Normal Friction Sig,n : NO

Footing Shape : Square

Safety Factor, SF : 1.50

Footing Width, B : 4.10 m

Footing Depth, Hb : 2.20 m
Slab Thickness, Tp : 0.35 m

Total Column Height, Hc : 2.15 m

Total Column Width, Bc : 0.55 m

Tie Beam Width, Btb : 0.20 m

Tie Beam Height, Htb : 0.40 m
Tie Beam Length, Ltb : 5.50 m

Concrete Unit Weight, Yc : 24.00 kN/m3

2. CALCULATION

Concrete Column Wgt, Wcol : 15.61 kN

Tie Beam Wgt Wtb : 10.55 kN
Concrete Slab Wgt, Wslab : 141.20 kN
Total Concrete Wgt, Wgc : 167.37 kN

Used Soil Unit Weight, Ys : 7.00 kN/m3

Used Soil Friction Angle, Phi : 27.50 deg
Used Soil Cohesion, C : 5.00 kN/m2

kp = kp = tan^2(45+phi/2) : 2.72
ka = ka = tan^2(45-phi/2) : 0.37
ko = ko = 1-sin(phi) : 0.54
kp1 = kp = tan(45+phi/2) : 0.61
ku1 = 0.65 + 0.5*phi,rad : 0.89

ku = ka = tan^2(45-phi/2) : 0.37

Hbmax : 3.500 m
m : 0.125
shmax : 1.450

sh = 1 + m*Hb/B : 1.067
Used sh : 1.067

Used L1 = Hb - HBmax*B : 0.000 m

Used H = Hb - L1 : 2.200 m

Tn1 = Resistance causes by soil cohesive forces

Tn2 = Resistance causes by soil normal friction
Tn3 = Resistance causes by soil wedge weight
Tn4 = Resistance causes by top soil weight
Tn5 = Weight of soil displaced by pedestal column
Tn6 = Weight of soil displaced by concrete slab

For very poor soil, Tn1 and Tn2 can be neglected, and SF >= 1.2

Square or Rectangular Shape:

Tn1 = neglected : 0.00 kN

Tn2 = neglected : 0.00 kN
Tn3 = Ys*(B*L*H + (B+L)*H^2*tantheta + (4/3)*H^3*tantheta) : 258.87 kN
Tn4 = Ys*L1*(B + 2*H*tantheta)*(L + 2*H*tantheta) : 0.00 kN
Tn5 = Bc*Bc*Hc*Ysoil : 4.55 kN
Tn6 = BD*BD*Tp*Ysoil : 41.18 kN
Tns = Tn1 + Tn2 + Tn3 + Tn4 - Tn5 - Tn6 : 213.14 kN

21
 Ts = Resistance from Soil Strength = Tn1 + Tn2 : 0.00 kN
Wgc = Resistance from Concrete Weight = Wgcol+Wgslab : 167.37 kN
Wgs = Resistance from Soil Weight = Tn3+Tn4-Tn5-Tn6 : 213.14 kN
Total Weight = Wgc + Wgs : 380.50 kN

3. OUTPUT

3.a. TIA/EIA-222F Formula: (WR/2.0) + (WC/1.25) >= UP

Tu = Applied Tension Forces : 595.00 kN

Tn = Total Resistance = Tns + Wgc : 380.50 kN

Safety Factor SF : 1.500

Demand/Capacity Ratio = Tu/(Tn/SF)) : 2.474 >= 1.0 -> NOT OK

3.b. TIA/EIA-222F Formula: (WR + WC)/1.5 >= UP

Tu = Applied Tension Forces : 595.00 kN

Tn = Total Resistance = Tns + Wgc : 380.50 kN

Safety Factor SF : 1.500

Demand/Capacity Ratio = Tu/(Tn/SF)) : 2.346 >= 1.0 -> NOT OK

Available Safety Factor = Tn/Tu : 0.640 < 1.500 -> NOT OK

Summary:

Max Demand/Capacity Ratio = Tu/(Tn/SF)) : 2.474 >= 1.0 -> NOT OK

22
 3. Normal Soil, No cohesion, No Friction, No water, Poor Compaction

Tn = 654.54 kN DCR = Tu/(Tn/SF) = 1.576 > 1.0 -> Not OK

ESRC Design Utility

Tension Capacity of Foot Foundation
(C) Nathan Madutujuh, ESRC, 1999-2008
Refs: Foundation Analysis and Design, Bowles, J.E., 5th Ed., 1996
Recommendations on Excavations, German Society for Geotechnics, 2003

LICENSEE : Thomas Johannsen, Design Manager, Nokia-Siemens Network, APAC

1. PARAMETERS

Soil Type : 3 (CLAY)

Soil Code : TL,UL
Soil Name : Clay/Silt, Low PL
Soil Density : Stiff
Soil Grading :

Poorly Compacted, Unit weight x Reduction Factor 90%

Unit Weight of Soil, Normal, Ys : 16.00 kN/m3
Unit Weight of Soil, Saturated, Ysr : 17.00 kN/m3
Unit Weight of Soil, Submerged, Ys' : 7.00 kN/m3

Effective Soil Friction Angle, Phi' : 27.50 deg

Total Soil Friction Angle, Phiu : 0.00 deg

Effective Soil Cohesion, C' : 5.00 kN/m2

Total Soil Cohesion, Undrained, Cu : 40.00 kN/m2

Frustrum Angle, Theta : 0.00 deg

Max Frustrum Angle = 45-phi/2 = Theta,max : 31.25 deg

Soil Water Condition : Normal

23
 Pull Out Zone Option : Cube (theta=0)
Soil Compaction : Poor
Soil Frustrum Option : User-defined
Soil Option for Ku : Ku = Ka
Include Cohesion su : NO
Include Normal Friction Sig,n : NO

Footing Shape : Square

Safety Factor, SF : 1.50

Footing Width, B : 4.10 m

Footing Depth, Hb : 2.20 m
Slab Thickness, Tp : 0.35 m

Total Column Height, Hc : 2.15 m

Total Column Width, Bc : 0.55 m

Tie Beam Width, Btb : 0.20 m

Tie Beam Height, Htb : 0.40 m
Tie Beam Length, Ltb : 5.50 m

Concrete Unit Weight, Yc : 24.00 kN/m3

2. CALCULATION

Concrete Column Wgt, Wcol : 15.61 kN

Tie Beam Wgt Wtb : 10.55 kN
Concrete Slab Wgt, Wslab : 141.20 kN
Total Concrete Wgt, Wgc : 167.37 kN

Used Soil Unit Weight, Ys : 16.00 kN/m3

Used Soil Friction Angle, Phi : 27.50 deg
Used Soil Cohesion, C : 5.00 kN/m2

kp = kp = tan^2(45+phi/2) : 2.72
ka = ka = tan^2(45-phi/2) : 0.37
ko = ko = 1-sin(phi) : 0.54
kp1 = kp = tan(45+phi/2) : 0.61
ku1 = 0.65 + 0.5*phi,rad : 0.89

ku = ka = tan^2(45-phi/2) : 0.37

Hbmax : 3.500 m
m : 0.125
shmax : 1.450

sh = 1 + m*Hb/B : 1.067
Used sh : 1.067

Used L1 = Hb - HBmax*B : 0.000 m

Used H = Hb - L1 : 2.200 m

Tn1 = Resistance causes by soil cohesive forces

Tn2 = Resistance causes by soil normal friction
Tn3 = Resistance causes by soil wedge weight
Tn4 = Resistance causes by top soil weight
Tn5 = Weight of soil displaced by pedestal column
Tn6 = Weight of soil displaced by concrete slab

For very poor soil, Tn1 and Tn2 can be neglected, and SF >= 1.2

Square or Rectangular Shape:

Tn1 = neglected : 0.00 kN

Tn2 = neglected : 0.00 kN
Tn3 = Ys*(B*L*H + (B+L)*H^2*tantheta + (4/3)*H^3*tantheta) : 591.71 kN
Tn4 = Ys*L1*(B + 2*H*tantheta)*(L + 2*H*tantheta) : 0.00 kN
Tn5 = Bc*Bc*Hc*Ysoil : 10.41 kN
Tn6 = BD*BD*Tp*Ysoil : 94.14 kN
Tns = Tn1 + Tn2 + Tn3 + Tn4 - Tn5 - Tn6 : 487.17 kN

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 Ts = Resistance from Soil Strength = Tn1 + Tn2 : 0.00 kN
Wgc = Resistance from Concrete Weight = Wgcol+Wgslab : 167.37 kN
Wgs = Resistance from Soil Weight = Tn3+Tn4-Tn5-Tn6 : 487.17 kN
Total Weight = Wgc + Wgs : 654.54 kN

3. OUTPUT

3.a. TIA/EIA-222F Formula: (WR/2.0) + (WC/1.25) >= UP

Tu = Applied Tension Forces : 595.00 kN

Tn = Total Resistance = Tns + Wgc : 654.54 kN

Safety Factor SF : 1.500

Demand/Capacity Ratio = Tu/(Tn/SF)) : 1.576 >= 1.0 -> NOT OK

3.b. TIA/EIA-222F Formula: (WR + WC)/1.5 >= UP

Tu = Applied Tension Forces : 595.00 kN

Tn = Total Resistance = Tns + Wgc : 654.54 kN

Safety Factor SF : 1.500

Demand/Capacity Ratio = Tu/(Tn/SF)) : 1.364 >= 1.0 -> NOT OK

Available Safety Factor = Tn/Tu : 1.100 < 1.500 -> NOT OK

Summary:

Max Demand/Capacity Ratio = Tu/(Tn/SF)) : 1.576 >= 1.0 -> NOT OK

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Summary of Calculation Procedure:

1. Input Data
2. Calculate Soil and Concrete Weight -> Resistance
3. Take Uplift Forces -> Applied Tensile force
4. Calculate Demand Capacity Ratio
5. Repeat above steps for various frustrum angle
6. Repeat above steps for flooded condition
7. Repeat above steps for Poorly compacted soil
8. Prepare Conclusions and Recommendations

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 REFERENCES:

1. EIA/TIA-222F, Structural Standards for Steel Antenna Towers and Antenna Supporting
Structures, Telecommunications Industry Association, 1996

2. Foundation Analysis and Design, Bowles, J.E, 5 th Edition, Mc Graw-Hill, 1996, p.270-273

3. Recommendations on Excavations, the German Society for Geotechnics, Ernst & Sohn,
2003, p.191-193)

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