Example 11.4-1.

A mixture of benzene-toluene is to
be distilled in a fractionating tower at 101.325 kPa.
The feed of 100 kg mol/h is liquid containing 45 mol
% benzene and 55 mol % toluene and enters at 327.6
K. A distillate containing 95 mol% benzene and 5
mol % toluene and a bottoms containing 10 mol%
benzene and 90 mol % toluene are to be obtained.
The reflux ratio is 4:1. The average heat capacity of
the feed is 159 kJ/kg mol K and the average latent

m
er as
heat is 32,099 kJ/kg mol. Equilibrium data for this

co
eH w
system are given in Table 11.1-1 and Fig. 11.1-1.

o.
Calculate the flow rates of the distillate and bottoms
rs e
ou urc
and the number of theoretical trays needed.
o
aC s
vi y re
ed d
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 1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

m
er as
co
yA

eH w
0.5

o.
0.4
rs e
ou urc
0.3
o
aC s

0.2
vi y re

0.1
ed d
ar stu

0.0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

xA
sh is
Th

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 Example 11.4-2 For the rectification in example
11.4-2, where a benzene and toluene feed is being
distilled to give a distillate composition of xD = 0.95
and a bottoms composition of xW = 0.1, calculate the
following.

1. The minimum reflux ratio Rm.

m
er as
co
eH w
1.0

o.
0.9
rs e
ou urc
0.8
o
aC s

0.7
vi y re

0.6
yA

ed d

0.5
ar stu

0.4
sh is

0.3
Th

0.2

0.1

0.0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

xA

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 Prob. 11.4-2 A saturated liquid feed of 200 mol/h
at the boiling point containing 42% heptane and
58% ethylbenzene is to be fractionated at 101.325
kPa abs to give a distillate containing 97 mol%
heptane and a bottoms containing 1.1 mol%
heptane. The reflux ratio is 2.5:1. Calculate the
mol/h of distillate, mol/h bottoms, the theoretical
number of trays and the feed tray number.

m
er as
co
eH w
o.
rs e
ou urc
o
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ed d
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 1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

m
er as
yA

0.5

co
eH w
o.
0.4
rs e
ou urc
0.3
o

0.2
aC s
vi y re

0.1

0.0
ed d

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
ar stu

xA
sh is
Th

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 Prob. 11.4-4 Determine the minimum reflux ratio R m and
the minimum number of theoretical plates at total reflux for
the rectification of a mixture of heptane and ethyl benzene
as given in Problem 11.4-2. Do this by using the graphical
methods of McCabe – Thiele.

m
er as
co
1.0

eH w
o.
0.9
rs e
ou urc
0.8
o

0.7
aC s
vi y re

0.6
yA

ed d

0.5
ar stu

0.4
sh is

0.3
Th

0.2

0.1

0.0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

xA

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 Problem 11.5-1 For the distillation of heptane and ethyl
benzene in Problem 11.4-2, the Murphree tray efficiency is
estimated as 0.55. Determine the actual number of trays
needed by stepping off the trays using the tray efficiency of
0.55. Also calculate the overall tray efficiency EO.

m
er as
co
eH w
o.
rs e
ou urc
o
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 1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

m
0.6

er as
co
eH w
yA

0.5

o.
0.4 rs e
ou urc
0.3
o
aC s

0.2
vi y re

0.1
ed d
ar stu

0.0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

xA
sh is
Th

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