David’s Reign Restored ®

2 Samuel 19-24
BSF® Lesson 22
Notes
People of the Promised Land I

Focus
“For who is God besides the Lord? And who is the Rock except our God? It is God who arms me with strength and
keeps my way secure.” – 2 Samuel 22:32-33

This Lesson
A. God Restores – 2 Samuel 19-20
B. God Rescues – 2 Samuel 21-23
C. God Brings Repentance – 2 Samuel 24

Engage
We want a hero. We long for someone – a sports star, scientist, politician, preacher – to thrill us with their skill, fix
our problems, lead us and rescue us. David seemed like a superhero: the man after God’s own heart. The young
boy who defeated a deadly warrior. The man who sang sweetly, loved God and built deep and godly friendships. The
soldier who refused to kill his enemy, who turned a band of discontents into an army of righteous warriors. But David
disappointed us – sinning and sinning again. In grace, God rescued and restored him, but David cannot help us.
In Jesus, God has given us the King we long for, the only true superhero. He never disappoints. He rescues
us from sin and what that sin destroys. He restores to new and vibrant life. In Him, God’s awesome throne becomes
a throne of mercy and grace. He takes sinful people like David or like us and willingly makes us people after His own
heart. Look at David and see God’s promise to send the Rescuer and King to the world – to you, if you receive Him.

God Restores – 2 Samuel 19-20

David’s Grief – 19:1-8 In mercy, God limited the destruction David’s

On the final bloody day of the civil war, 20,000 sin had brought on the nation. Absalom’s death
men loyal to Absalom died. David’s nephew Joab, the meant families could rebuild. Instead of fighting,
commander of his army, killed his cousin Absalom. Joab farmers could plant crops. Other fathers’ sons
had disobeyed David’s explicit command to “be gentle,”1 would now live and not die.
but his disobedience ended the war. The surviving rebel
army scattered in defeat. David’s soldiers expected the destruction David’s sin had brought on the nation.
joyful victory celebrations; instead, grief overwhelmed Absalom’s death meant families could rebuild. Instead of
their leader. To highlight how David’s emotions fighting, farmers could plant crops. Other fathers’ sons
conflicted with his duties, the text speaks only of “the would now live and not die. God had graciously saved
king,” though ordinarily we read of “David.” the king and restored the kingdom, yet David had
David’s son had murdered, raped and plotted to take not thanked God or his soldiers. Joab, always alert to
his life and kingdom. Though Absalom had ripped the political danger, warned David bluntly of the dangers of
nation apart with civil war, the king could only respond ingratitude. Pushed back to duty, David sat in the town’s
as a father and mourn. How painful for a father to know gates and greeted his soldiers.
his own sins had laid the foundation for his son’s downfall!
What sorrow for David to remember God’s warning:
“Now, therefore, the sword will never depart from your David’s Return – 19:9-43
house, because you despised me. …”2 David’s wish that Throughout the northern tribes of Israel, the
he had died instead of Absalom could not restore lost people who had followed Absalom talked of restoring
opportunities to right wrongs and restore relationships.3 the king to his rightful place in Jerusalem. Yet David’s
Loving fathers grieve, but David’s self-absorbed own tribe of Judah held back. David asked his tribe,
grief blinded him to truth and duty. In mercy, God limited “Why should you be the last to bring the king back?”
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 Unity: God’s Plan for His People
David wrote, “How good and pleasant it is when God’s people live together in unity!”4 David longed for unity
because he experienced the pain disunity brings. The old fracture between Judah and the other tribes from
the years after Saul’s death never fully healed.5 After the death of David’s son Solomon, the kingdom divided
permanently.6 As God had warned, the “sword” continued to wound David’s house.7
How can selfish, sinful people enjoy “good and pleasant” unity? If you are a believer, God not only has united
you with Christ, but also with all believers in one body through the Holy Spirit.8 The New Testament calls us to
live out this new reality.
Through Christ we have a:
■ New goal: “Complete unity ... then the world will know that you [Father] sent me [Jesus] and have loved
them even as you have loved me.”9
■ New calling: “Live a life worthy of [your] calling.”10
■ New lifestyle: “Be completely humble and gentle; be patient, bearing with one another in love.”11
■ New work: “Make every effort to keep the unity of the Spirit through the bond of peace.”12
■ New motive: “Forgive as the Lord forgave you.”13
■ New mindset: “In humility value others above yourselves. … In your relationships with one another, have
the same mindset as Christ Jesus.”14
■ New power: “You will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you.”15
■ New limit: “As far as it depends on you, live at peace with everyone.”16
Are you God’s child through faith in Jesus? God calls you to pursue, cherish and guard His people’s unity.
Unity begins with God’s love. God’s love in Christ frees us to love others: “And over all these virtues put on
love, which binds them all together in perfect unity.”17 What relationship or situation will you ask God to restore or
transform as He makes you more like Jesus?

In another conciliatory move toward the rebels, David Judah had “stolen” the king and brought David across the
replaced Joab as army commander. Amasa, another Jordan without them. Judah only added to the anger of the
nephew and the former commander of Absalom’s army, others by arguing that “the king is closely related to us.”
became the new commander. Yet David took no steps to The 10 tribes responded that they had “ten shares in the
protect Amasa from Joab, though he knew how deadly king.” Their claim that the king belonged to all of Israel
Joab’s ambition could be.18 simply made Judah argue more.
As David prepared to return to Jerusalem, men
of Judah came to bring David triumphantly across the
Jordan. Shimei, the man of Saul’s tribe who had cursed Sheba’s Rebellion – 20:1-26
David when he fled Jerusalem, came with 1,000 other Sheba, from the tribe of Benjamin, “happened to be
Benjamites to plead for mercy. Joab’s brother Abishai had there” and seized the opportunity to shake off David’s
wanted to execute Shimei for his curses;19 now he again rule. Building on intertribal resentment, he shouted to
suggested death for Shimei. David refused, using the the northern tribes, “We have no share in David!”
same words he had previously. He asked, “What does The men of the tribes north of Judah deserted David to
this have to do with you, you sons of Zeruiah?” including follow Sheba.
Joab in his reply. Despite the urgent need to stop Sheba, David
Saul’s former steward Ziba came with Shimei. Ziba first guaranteed the safety of the concubines who
had received all Mephibosheth’s property by persuading had remained behind in Jerusalem.22 These 10 women
David that Jonathan’s son was loyal to Absalom.20 But had suffered painful and public shame at Absalom’s
Mephibosheth also went to meet David at the Jordan. His hands.23 Laws of incest prevented David from restoring
unkempt appearance seemed to prove he had faithfully them to their place in his household, but he provided for
mourned David’s departure. Rejoicing at David’s their care.
return, Mephibosheth gladly gave up his rights to his David gave his new army commander an almost
property. He said, “All my grandfather’s descendants impossible task: Amasa had only three days to call
deserved nothing but death … but you gave your servant Judah’s battle-weary men together for yet another
a place … at your table.”21 campaign. Unsurprisingly, the men of Judah, so recently
David desired to unify the nation, yet he had reunited with wives and children, failed to meet the 72-
contributed to a conflict that marred the joy of his hour time limit. David then sent Abishai out in command
return. The northern tribes felt slighted that the men of of his brother Joab and the rest of David’s elite soldiers.

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 On the way, Abishai’s men met Amasa. Under the With his rival dead, Joab pursued Sheba to a city in
guise of friendship, Joab coldly murdered his cousin the far north of Israel. Joab besieged the city until one
Amasa, as he had deceitfully murdered Saul’s former woman dared to challenge him. Her wisdom resulted
commander Abner.24 Both murdered men shared the in Sheba’s death, but life and peace for her city and the
misfortune of having David appoint them to replace nation. On their return to Jerusalem, Abishai apparently
Joab as commander of the army. Do you recognize thought it safer to allow his brother Joab to resume
the “Joabs” in your workplace or church by the harm command of the army. The Bible honestly recounts
they cause? Joab, seemingly so loyal to David, never Joab’s brutality, calling us to pursue God and His
permitted the king’s will to define his ambitions. What kingdom rather than our own agendas.
limits your will and ambitions? To whom does your true
loyalty belong?25

God Rescues – 2 Samuel 21-23

This is a difficult story because it does not seem
Gibeonites Avenged – 21:1-14 fair to kill descendants of Saul for Saul’s sins. While
At some point during David’s reign, a three-year there is no simple answer, we can say this tragic story
famine drew him to pray urgently. God answered that demonstrates how sin can continue to disrupt and
the famine was not on account of recent sin, but destroy long after we forget the sin. Through costly
because of “Saul and his blood-stained house.” During atonement, God’s grace powerfully restores what sin
the conquest of Canaan, Israel had committed to protect ruins.18 Through His death on the cross, David’s
the Gibeonites, a foreign people living in the land. In perfect Son Jesus has atoned fully and finally for sin.32
God’s grace, the Gibeonites became servants at God’s Consequences may remain in this life, but one day, in His
altar.26 But sometime during Saul’s reign, perhaps around presence, He will wipe every tear from our eyes.33
the time he killed the priests of Nob whom they served,27
Saul tried to kill all the Gibeonites.
Saul had once refused to kill an enemy king David’s Autobiography – 22:1-5134
whom God had commanded him to kill. Though that Psalm 18 poetically recounts David’s life and
disobedience cost him his kingdom,28 Saul continued experience with God in his own words. The inspired writer
to think he was free to choose when and how he would of Samuel seems to have included the psalm as the “theme
obey. What a dangerous mindset! Saul believed he song” of David’s life. Through dangers and conflicts, we
showed “zeal for Israel” by killing people whom Israel see and love David’s Rock who rescued him.
had solemnly promised to protect.
God’s rescue – 22:1-20
God called David to right the wrong done by his
predecessor. David summoned the Gibeonites. He asked ■ Against the backdrop of Judea’s rocky cliffs,
how he could atone or cover completely the harm Saul David sang to “my rock, my fortress and my
had done “so that you will bless the Lord’s inheritance.” deliverer; my God is my rock, in whom I take
God’s people are His “inheritance” – chosen, loved and refuge.”
blessed forever. God deals with sin that stands between ■ Enemies threatened David’s life repeatedly:
His people and the blessing He intends for them. “The cords of the grave coiled around me; the
The Law of Moses states, “Bloodshed pollutes the snares of death confronted me.”
land, and atonement cannot be made for the land on ■ David’s answer: “In my distress I called to the
which blood has been shed, except by the blood of the Lord; I called out to my God. … ”
one who shed it.”29 The Gibeonites asked David to give ■ David saw God rescue him: “He parted the
them seven of Saul’s male descendants to die as atonement heavens and came down. … He shot his arrows
for Saul’s murders. David kept his covenant promise to and scattered the enemy, with great bolts of
Jonathan and spared Jonathan’s son Mephibosheth. The lightning he routed them.”
Gibeonites put to death seven other sons and grandsons of
Saul and left their bodies unburied on a hillside. God’s righteousness – 22:21-30
For many months, Rizpah,30 mother of two of the dead, ■ David, who knew his sinfulness,35 stood on
remained near the bodies to keep birds and animals away. the solid ground of God’s justice, not his own
When David learned of Rizpah’s faithful vigil, he gathered imperfect obedience: “The Lord has dealt with
her sons’ bones and the bones of Saul and Jonathan.31 He me according to my righteousness; … For I have
buried them all in Saul’s father’s tomb. Afterward, the kept the ways of the Lord; I am not guilty of
Lord answered prayer and ended the famine. turning from my God.”

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 ■ God requires righteousness, but in ourselves, David was painfully aware that God’s promise did
none of us are right or “righteous.”36 Through not include every individual in his family. Right standing
faith in Christ’s atonement on our behalf, God before God has always come only through faith in God’s
gives the righteousness He requires. provision of His Son,38 the Savior.39 Jesus perfectly
■ Ultimately, David describes the one righteous fulfilled David’s picture of the righteous Ruler, the true
man, the Lord Jesus Christ. In Christ, God sees Anointed One of God. Jesus, the only glorious Hero
His children as beautifully righteous as His Son. in Israel’s history, is the Righteous Ruler whose light
In Him, David’s words become God’s gracious brings life: “like the light … at sunrise on a cloudless
truth about us. morning, like the brightness after rain that brings grass
■ Whatever goodness we have comes from God. from the earth.”
Pride has no place in God’s kingdom: “You
save the humble, but your eyes are on the
haughty to bring them low.” David’s Warriors — 21:15-22; 23:8-39
■ Through many crises, David learned to say, God delights in naming and honoring His people.
“You, Lord are my lamp; the Lord turns my Two lists of warriors40 frame the sections that praise God’s
darkness into light.” saving work in David’s life. God surrounded His king
with loyal men who devoted themselves to him. Whether
God’s renewal – 22:31-46
immediately or gradually, these faithful men recognized
■ The living God rescues and strengthens His David as God’s choice to be Israel’s king. At one time,
people with His power: “Who is the Rock they were distressed, in debt or discontented,41 but
except our God? It is God who arms me with God transformed them as they followed the “man after
strength and keeps my way secure.” God’s heart.”42
■ David recognized that God alone had delivered Faith infused their exploits: Once, when the Philistines
and preserved him “as the head of nations.” held Bethlehem, the three warriors brought David a drink
of Bethlehem’s sweet water. Their bravery left David in
Victory assured – 22:47-51 awe. The water seemed to him like the men’s life blood
The psalm ends on the solid ground of God’s – too holy to drink. Only God can demand that we
unshakeable and eternal promise: God “shows unfailing give our lives in devotion to Him. Like the blood of a
kindness to his anointed, to David and his descendants sacrifice, David “poured it out before the Lord.”43
forever.” David includes himself but points forward to God granted David’s warriors extraordinary
his great descendant Jesus. Through the Messiah – victories in the service of God’s king and His kingdom:
Hebrew for Anointed One – God gloriously displays ■ Josheb-Basshebeth: Killed 800 in one
His unfailing love forever. He is the Rock. How has He
encounter
sheltered and strengthened you this week? Will you now
praise Him?
■ Eleazar: His hand “froze to the sword” until
the Lord brought victory over the Philistines.
■ Shammah: Remained alone to fight the
Final Words – 23:1-7 Philistines and the Lord brought victory
■ Abishai: David’s nephew and Joab’s brother;
After looking back at David’s life through Psalm 18,
David’s last words call us to look to the future. David chief of the three; once killed 300 with his spear
expresses his highest desires to govern righteously. ■ Benaiah: Commanded David’s bodyguard;
David’s sins and sorrows were many. Conflict seemed defeated the strongest warriors as well as lions
never to leave his kingdom. Yet David trusted God to ■ Uriah the Hittite: Purposely placed as
maintain His everlasting covenant and cause David’s the final name in the list; reminds us that
kingdom to endure forever.37 How does David’s hope almighty God, not David, deserved the
change your outlook on the turmoil of our world? mighty warriors’ commitment.44

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 God Brings Repentance – 2 Samuel 24
Lord, I beg you, take away the guilt of your servant.”
David’s Census – 24:1-9 God convicted David that he had “done a very foolish
As with the Gibeonite incident, we do not know when thing.” David genuinely repented yet could not escape the
the census took place. David’s census leaves us with more consequences of his sin.
important questions than merely when it happened: The next morning, God sent Gad the prophet to
David: The nation would suffer for David’s sin. David
■ Would God tempt David to sin? was to choose one of three consequences for his sin: three
■ Why does the Bible say God and Satan incited years of famine, three months of enemy pursuit or three
David? days of nationwide plague. Deeply distressed, David said,
■ Why did “the Lord’s anger burn” against Israel? “Let us fall into the hands of the Lord, for his mercy
■ Why was the census sinful? is great; but do not let me fall into human hands.” God
God promises He tempts no one.45 Where Satan would act most directly through a plague, so David placed
tempts, God designs to test us to show us our sinfulness the nation in God’s merciful hands. Do not shrink back
and His gracious work.46 Satan can do only what God from God’s discipline; trust His mercy and draw close.
allows. The parallel account in 1 Chronicles 21 does not At the threshing floor57 of Araunah, a Jebusite (not
contradict Samuel when it explains that Satan incited an Israelite), the angel who brought the plague lifted
David.47 Like everything in creation – all people, every his hand to strike Jerusalem. David saw the angel and
atom and all that exists – Satan ultimately serves God’s pleaded, “I have sinned; I, the shepherd, have done
good purposes.48 The cross demonstrates even Satan’s wrong. These are but sheep. What have they done?
most evil acts ultimately accomplish God’s perfect plan.49 Let your hand fall on me and my family.” God said,
Why did God’s anger burn against Israel? We need “Enough!” Sinful David could not die for his sheep. But
not know the specific situation to know that God’s 1,000 years later, near where David stood, the sinless Son
wrath50 is the greatest problem anyone faces. We are all of David gave His life for His sheep.58
born with a nature that loves to sin, harming ourselves and
others. God graciously calls us to repent and find mercy
instead of wrath.51 Jesus took God’s wrath against sin for all God’s Mercy – 24:18-25
who believe.52 In Christ, God’s children do not live under In mercy, the Lord sent Gad to tell David to build an
condemnation53 but God disciplines us for our good.54 altar on the threshing floor. Araunah gladly offered not
Why was taking a census wrong? God Himself had only his property, but also the oxen and the firewood for
twice commanded a census during Israel’s 40 years in the the sacrifice. The king insisted on paying, saying, “I
wilderness.55 David’s census was for military purposes, but will not sacrifice to the Lord my God burnt offerings
Israel faced no enemy armies. David’s sin lay in his motive that cost me nothing.” Trusting God to save him and his
– whether pride, lack of dependence on God or both. nation, David built the altar. God sent fire from heaven,
Joab recognized David’s error but obeyed David’s order. overwhelmingly accepting the sacrifice.59 “Then the Lord
The census took nine months to complete – nine months answered his prayer in behalf of the land, and the plague
during which David could have repented but did not.56 on Israel was stopped.”

David’s Repentance – 24:10-17

When Joab reported the results of the census,
David seems to have felt the weight of his guilt
immediately. He confessed, “I have sinned greatly. …

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 Take to Heart
1 and 2 Samuel conclude with God’s mercy The writer has focused our gaze so we see: more
Hold Fast
toward a sinful king and his sinful people. At first than the story of David, the books of Samuel tell the
glance, chapters 21-24 may seem randomly arranged. story of God and His kingdom.
Read more closely and puzzlement turns to wonder! Glory does not belong to David, but to his
The six main sections of these final chapters Lord – the God who rescues His people from sin
precisely mirror one another: and death. Mt. Moriah,60 where God ended the
■ Chapters 21 and 24: a king’s sin, a nation plague David’s sin had caused, became the site
harmed and God’s mercy. of Solomon’s temple. The temple, where God
■ Next, two lists of David’s mighty men. symbolically lived among His people,61 pointed to
■ Finally, at the heart of these chapters, Jesus – Immanuel, God with us.62 The sacrifices on
David’s song and his final words praise his Mt. Moriah promised the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus’
mighty God. life for His people’s sins.63

The war ended, but before Has God made you a leader find your strength in Jesus to serve
Apply It

David could return to Jerusalem, in your home, workplace or Him and others faithfully.
civil war again threatened his church? David often chose to Sin tears apart lives and
kingdom. Perhaps, like David, ignore problems in his family and communities. It lies behind all the
turmoil has disrupted your life. nation. He tried several times to wars and sorrow in this world. God’s
Sudden loss tempts you to despair. demote Joab but never challenged justice requires His wrath against
Or perhaps the desire to retaliate Joab’s murderous record. Do sin. In David’s time and now,
almost overwhelms you. Will you you share David’s reluctance to God’s people long for a king to
entrust your pain and anger to the confront wrongdoing? Will you right all wrongs. In Christ, God has
Lord? God is able and willing begin to pray for courage, wisdom committed Himself to restore all that
to heal and restore what seems and grace to change? Pray for sin has ruined. Has God subdued
broken beyond repair. Will you strength to examine your own your rebel heart and reconciled
ask Him to use your crisis to make heart and habits. If your sin has you to Himself? Pray for grace to
you more like Jesus? God will compromised you or contributed see your sinfulness and treasure
help you find strength and joy as to the problem, repent. Ask Him and His salvation daily. How
you pray for willingness to love forgiveness not only of God, but of might you work for justice and
and forgive. those whom you have hurt. Then righteousness until Jesus comes?

Check out these footnoted references for further study of God’s Word in this week’s lesson.
Go Deeper

1: David’s command: 2 Samuel 19: Bloodthirsty Abishai: 2 Samuel 37: God’s promise: 2 Samuel 7:8-16 51: Repent: 1 Thessalonians 1:9-10
18:5 16:9-10 38: By faith: Romans 5:1-2, 6-8; 52: Jesus our substitute: Romans
2: Sword prophecy: 2 Samuel 20: Ziba’s slander: 2 Samuel 16:3-4 Ephesians 2:8-9 5:9, 8:1; Ephesians 2:3-5
12:10 21: Mephibosheth: 2 Samuel 9 39: Savior: Matthew 1:21; Acts 4:12 53: No condemnation: Romans
3: Lost opportunities: 2 Samuel 22: Concubines left: 2 Samuel 15:16 40: David’s warriors: 1 Chronicles 8:1, 31-35
13:1-15:12 23: Concubines raped: 2 Samuel 11:10-41 54: Father’s discipline: Hebrews
4 Believers’ unity: Psalm 133:1 12:11-12; 16:21-22 41: David’s men: 1 Samuel 22:2 12:4-11
5: Tribal fracture: 2 Samuel 2:8-5:5 24: Abner’s murder: 2 Samuel 42: God’s heart: 1 Samuel 13:14; 55: Census: Numbers 1:1-2; 26:2
6: Divided kingdom: 1 Kings 3:26-27; 38-39 Acts 13:22 56: Nine months: 2 Samuel 11-12
12:1-19 25: True loyalty: Matthew 7:21-23 43: Drink offering: Exodus 29:40; 57: Threshing: Deuteronomy 25:4;
7: Sword: 2 Samuel 12:10 26: Gibeonites: Joshua 9:1-26 Leviticus 23:13 Ruth 2:17; Isaiah 28:27-28
8: One body: Ephesians 4:4-6 27: Nob: 1 Samuel 22:6-19 44: Uriah: 2 Samuel 11; Matthew 1:6 58: Good Shepherd: John 10:11, 17
9: Unity: John 17:22-23 28: Agag: 1 Samuel 15 45: Does not tempt: James 1:13 59: David’s sacrifice: 1 Chronicles
10: Calling: Ephesians 4:1 29: Bloodshed: Numbers 35:33 46: God tests: Deuteronomy 8:2; 21:26
11: Loving lifestyle: Ephesians 4:2; 30: Rizpah: 2 Samuel 3:7 Job 23:10; Psalm 26:2; Isaiah 60: Mt. Moriah: Genesis 22:2;
Colossians 3:12-17 31: Saul’s bones: 1 Samuel 31:11-13 48:10 1 Chronicles 21:28-22:1
12: Every effort: Ephesians 4:3 32: Grace greater: Romans 5:20 47: Satan’s role: 1 Chronicles 21:1 61: God’s presence: Exodus 25:8;
13: Forgive: Colossians 3:13 33: Atonement: Romans 3:25-26; 48: God’s purpose: Genesis 50:20; 40:34-38; 2 Chronicles 7:1-3
14: Christ’s mind: Philippians 2:1-5 Hebrews 10:10; 1 Peter 1:18-19 Romans 8:28 62: Immanuel: Matthew 1:23; 28:20:
15: Spirit’s power: Acts 1:8 34: Wipe tears: Isaiah 35:10; 49: Cross: Acts 2:23-24; Romans John 1:14; 2:19-22
16: Peace: Romans 12:18 Revelation 21:4 8:32 63: Jesus’ sacrifice: Romans
17: Love unites: Colossians 3:14 35: David’s rock: Psalm 18:1-50 50: Eternal wrath: Exodus 15:7; 3:24-26; Hebrews 9:12-15;
18: Joab’s ambitions: 2 Samuel 36: None righteous: Psalm 14:3; Matthew 25:41-46; Revelation 10:10
3:38-39 Romans 3:10 6:16-17

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