MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Important Instructions to examiners:

1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer
scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess
the understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not
applicable for subject English and Communication Skills).
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure.
The figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any
equivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values
may vary and there may be some difference in the candidate‟s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner of relevant answer
based on candidate‟s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent
concept.

1. a) Attempt any SIX of the following: Marks 12

i) What is Data abstraction?
(Definition of data abstraction – 2 Marks)
Ans: Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features without including the background
details or explanation.

ii) Define the following terms:

1) Object
2) Class
(Definition of Object - 1 Mark, Definition of Class- 1 Mark)
Ans: Object:

Objects are run-time entities used to represent or model a particular piece of the system.
OR
An object is the instance of the class.
OR
An object is like a compound variable of the user defined type.

Page 1 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Class:

A class is the collection of related data and function under a single name.
OR
A class is collection of object of similar type.

iii) State the characteristics of destructor.

(Any two characteristics – 2 Marks)

Ans: Following are characteristics of destructor

1. They should be declared in public section.

2. They are invoked automatically when object goes out of scope.
3. They have same name as class name, But preceded by tild (~) symbol.
4. They can not be inherited.
5. They can not have default arguments.
6. They do not have return type, not even void.
7. They can be virtual.
8. We can not refer to addresses of destructors.

iv) Define inheritance and enlist it’s types.

(Definition of inheritance -1 Mark, List of types -1 Mark)

Ans: Definition:

The mechanism of deriving new classes from an old one is called inheritance.

OR

Inheritance is the process by which objects of one class acquired the properties of objects
of another classes.

Types of Inheritance:

1. Single Inheritance
2. Multiple Inheritance

Page 2 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Multilevel Inheritance
4. Hierarchical Inheritance
5. Hybrid Inheritance

v) State any two pointer operator.

(List of two operator -1 Mark each)
Ans: Following are pointer operator:
1. & (address of operator)
2. * (Value of operator)

vi) What is a pointer? Write down the general syntax of its declaration.
(Definition – 1 Mark, Syntax – 1 Mark)

Ans: Definition:

Pointer is variable used to store the memory address.

Syntax:

data_type *pointer_variable_name;

vii) Enlist any four operators which cannot be overloaded.

(For each operator (any four) - 1/2 Marks each)

Ans:
Size of Size of Operator

. Membership operator

.* Pointer-to-member operator

:: Scope resolution operator

?: Conditional operator

Page 3 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

viii) List types of polymorphism.

(List of each type – 1 Mark)
Ans: Types of polymorphism are as follows:
1. Compile time polymorphism
2. Run time polymorphism

b) Attempt any TWO of the following: Marks 8

i) Differentiate between POP and OOP. (Any four points)

(Any four points each point - 1 Mark)

Ans:
POP OOP

(1) In pop, more emphasis is given in (1) In oop, more comphasis is given on data
doing things. rather than procedures.

(2) Large program are divided into small (2) Large program are divided into what are
modules class functions. known as objects.

(3) Most of functions show global data. (3) Data is hidden and cannot be accessed by
external functions.

(4) Does not supports Abstraction, Inheritance (4) Supports Abstraction, Inheritance,
, Encapsulation and polymorphism . Encapsulation and polymorphism.

(5) Employs top – down approach (5) Employs bottom-up approach

(6)Data moves openly around stem to system (6) Functions that operate on data of an object
from one function to another. are tied together in data structure.

(7)Examples :- (7) Examples :-

PASCAL, COBOL,FORTRAN, C. C++, JAVA , VB ,small talk ,effiel , c# , .net .

etc .

(8) New data and functions cannot be easily (8)New data and functions can be easily
added whenever required. added whenever required .

Page 4 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

ii) Write a program to define a structure ‘Tender’ having data members tender-no., cost and
company-name. Accept & display this data two variable of this structure.

(Structure Declaration: 2 Marks, Accept data for 2 variables: 1 Mark, Display data for 2
variables: 1 Mark)

Ans: # include <conio.h>

#include<iostream.h>

struct tender

int tender_no;

float cost;

char company_name[20];

} t1,t2;

void main()

clrscr();

cout <<"Enter values for tender_number, cost and company for first tender";

cin>>t1.tender_no>>t1.cost>>t1.company_name;

cout <<"Enter values for tender_no,cost and company for second tender";

cin>>t2.tender_no>>t2.cost>>t2.company_name;

cout<<"\n Details of tender1 are:";

cout<<"\n tender no="<<t1.tender_no;

cout<<"\n tender cost="<<t1.cost;

Page 5 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
cout<<"\n company name="<<t1.company_name;

cout<<"\n Details of tender2 are:";

cout<<"\n tender no="<<t2.tender_no;

cout<<"\n tender cost="<<t2.cost;

cout<<"\n company name="<<t2.company_name;

getch();

iii) Describe multiple inheritance with suitable example.

(Description – 2 Marks, Example - 2 Marks)

Ans: A derived class with multiple base classes is called as multiple inheritance .

Diagram:

Base Class 1 Base Class 2 Base Class n

………..
Class 1

Derived class

Syntax :-

class base _class _name1

{ ____ } ;

class base _class _name2

{ ____ } ;

Page 6 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
class derived_class_name :visibility_mode base_class_name_1 ,…, visibility mode

base _class _name_n

{ ____ } ;

*Note: Any Example (2 Marks)

#include<conio.h>

#include<iostream.h>

class base1

public:

int b1;

void get()

cout<<"\n Enter a number";

cin>>b1;

void put()

cout<<"\n b=="<<b1;

};

class base2

public:

int b2;

Page 7 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
void get1()

cout<<"\n Enter a number";

cin>>b2;

void put1()

cout<<"\n b=="<<b2;

};

class derived : public base1,public base2

public:

void get2()

get();

get1();

void put2()

put();

put1();

};

Page 8 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

void main()

clrscr();

derived d;

d.get2();

d.put2();

getch();

2. Attempt any four of the following: Marks 16

a) Describe any four basic concepts of OOP.
(Any 4 concepts each - 1 Mark)
Ans: Basic Concepts of Object Oriented Programming
1. Objects
Objects are the basic run time entities in an object-oriented system. They may represent a person,
a place, a bank account, a table of data or any item that the program has to handle.
An object is the instance of the class.
When a program is executed, the objects interact by sending messages to one another.
2. Classes
A class is the collection of related data and function under a single name.
A class is collection of object of similar type. The entire set of data and code of an object can be
made a user-defined data type with the help of class. Once a class has been defined, we can
create any number of objects belonging to that class. Classes are user-defined that types and
behave like the built-in types of a programming language.
3. Data Abstraction and Encapsulation
The wrapping up of data and function into a single unit (called class) is known as encapsulation.
The data is not accessible to the outside world, and only those functions which are wrapped in the
class can access it. This insulation of the data from direct access by the program is called data

Page 9 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
hiding or information hiding. Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features
without including the background details or explanation. Classes use the concept of abstraction
,they encapsulate all the essential properties of the object that are to be created.
4. Inheritance
Inheritance is the process by which objects of one class acquired the properties of objects of
another classes. In OOP, the concept of inheritance provides the idea of reusability. This means
that we can add additional features to an existing class without modifying it. This is possible by
deriving a new class from the existing one. The new class will have the combined feature of both
the classes.
5. Polymorphism
Polymorphism means the ability to take more than on form. An operation may exhibit different
behavior is different instances. For example, consider the operation of addition. For two numbers,
the operation will generate a sum. If the operands are strings, then the operation would produce a
third string by concatenation.
6. Dynamic Binding
Binding refers to the linking of a procedure call to the code to be executed in response to the call.
7. Message Passing
An object-oriented program consists of a set of objects that communicate with each other.
Objects communicate with one another by sending and receiving information.
Example:
Employee.Salary (name);

b) Explain memory allocation for objects.

(Explanation- 2 Marks, Figure and its explanation- 2 Marks)
Ans: Memory Allocation for objects
Memory space for objects is allocated when they are declared and not when the class is partly
true.
Actually, the memory functions are created and placed in memory space only once when they are
defined as part of a class specification.
Since all objects of that class shares the same memory functions, no separate space is allocated for
member functions when objects are created.

Page 10 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
only space for member variables is allocated separately for each object as member variables will
hold different values.

fig. Memory allocation for object

Common for all objects

Member function 1 Member function2

Object 1 Object 2 Object 3

Data Data Data

variab
Data variab
Data varia
Data
le
member le
member ble
Member
declar declar decla
ations ations ratio
; ; ns ;

As in diagramfuncti
only one copy of each
functifunction is created and shared by all objects and separate
functi
copy for eachon
variable is created.on on
declar declar decla
ations ations ratio
c) Write a program
; to declare a ;class ‘Journal’ having ns
data
; members as journal-name, price
& no-of-pages. Accept this data
Data Datafor two objects & Data
display the name of journal having
greater price.variab variab varia
le
(Class Declaration le
- 1 Mark, Creating ble Accept and display data - 2 Marks)
two objects – 1 Mark,
declar declar decla
Ans: ations
#include<conio.h> ations ratio
; ; ns ;
#include<iostream.h>
functi functi functi
class Journalon on on
declar declar decla
{ ations ations ratio
public: ; ; ns ;

variab variab varia

le le ble
declar declar decla Page 11 of 44
ations ations ratio
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
char journal_name[20];

int no_of_pages;

float price;

void get()

cout<<"\n Enter value of journal name and no. of pages and price";

cin>>journal_name>>no_of_pages>>price;

void put()

cout<<"\n Journal Name="<<journal_name;

cout<<"\n No. of pages="<<no_of_pages;

cout<<"\n Price="<<price;

};

void main()

Journal J1,J2;

J1.get();

J2.get();

cout<<"\n details of journal having greater price";

if(J1.price > J2.price)

J1.put();

else

Page 12 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
J2.put();

getch();

d) What is parameterized constructor? Give the syntax & example of it.

(Definition - 1 Mark, Syntax - 1 Mark, Example - 2 Marks)

Ans: Definition: constructor which accepts one or more arguments are called as parameterized
constructor.
Syntax:
Constructor_name( list of parameters)
{
Constructor body
}
Example:

class Number

public:

int m,n;

Number(int x, int y) //Parameterized constructor

n=x;

m=y;

};

void main()

clrscr();

Page 13 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Number N2(10,20);

getch();

e) Explain the concept of pointer to object with suitable example.

(Explain- 2 Marks, Example/Program - 2 Marks)

Ans: When address of an object of a class is stored into the pointer variable of the same class type then
it is pointer to object.

This pointer can be used to access the data member and member functions of same class.

Following example illustrate use of pointer to object

#include<conio.h>

#include<iostream.h>

class product

private:

int code;

float price;

public:

void getdata(void)

cout<<"\n Enter code";

cin>>code;

cout<<"\n Enter price";

cin>>price;

void display(void)

Page 14 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
{

cout<<"\n Code="<<code<<"\n Price="<<price;

};

void main()

product p1; //create object of product

product *ptr; //creat pointer of type product

ptr=&p1; //ptr points to object p 1

ptr->getdata (); // Invoking getdata()using pointer to object

p1.display(); // Invoking putdata()using object

f) Distinguish between run-time polymorphism & compile-time polymorphism.

(Any four points – 1 Mark each)
Ans:

Sr Compile tile polymorphism Run time polymorphism

No
1 it is also called as early binding or it is also called as late binding or
static binding dynamic binding

2 In Compile tile polymorphism the In Run time polymorphism the

linking between function call and linking between function call and
function definition is done at function definition is done at run
compile time only. time only

3 Faster execution of code Slower execution of code.

4 e.g. function overloading and e.g. function overriding; virtual

operator overloading function

Page 15 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Attempt any FOUR of the following: Marks 16
a) State any four features of OOP.
(List of features (Any four) – 1 Mark each)

Ans: Some of the features of object oriented programming are:

1. Emphasis is on data rather than procedure.
2. Programs are divided into what are known as objects.
3. Data structures are designed such that they characterize the objects.
4. Functions that operate on the data of an object are ties together in the data structure.
5. Data is hidden and cannot be accessed by external function.
6. Objects may communicate with each other through function.
7. New data and functions can be easily added whenever necessary.
8. Follows bottom up approach in program design.

b) Write a program to implement single inheritance from following Figure No.1 accepts &
display the data for one table.

Class-furniture

Data members: material;

Price

Class-Table

Data members: height,

Surface area

Fig. No. 1

(Class Declaration -2 Marks, Accept and display data - 2 Marks)

Page 16 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ans: #include<stdlib.h>

#include<iostream.h>

class furniture

public:

char matrial[20];

int price;

};

class table :public furniture

public:

int height ;

float sur_area;

};

void main()

table t1;

cout<<"enter material";

cin>>t1.matrial;

cout<<"enter price";

cin>>t1.matrial;

cout<<"enter height";

cin>>t1.height;

Page 17 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
cout<<"enter surface area";

cin>>t1.sur_area;

cout<<" material is<<t1.matrial"<<endl;

cout<<"price is"<<t1.matrial<<endl;

cout<<" height is "<<t1.height<<endl;

cout<<"surface area is "<<t1.sur_area<<endl;

*NOTE: Any similar correct program can be considered.

c) Explain different visibility modes used in inheritance.

(State visibility modes - 1 Mark, explanation each - 1 Mark)
Ans: Following are different visibility modes in C++
1. Public
2. Private
3. Protected
Following Table illustrates use of Visibility modes.

DERIVED CLASS VISIBILITY

Base class access specifies PUBLIC PRIVATE PROTECTED

Base Class visibility mode
PUBLIC visibility mode INHERITANCE INHERITANCE0 INHERITANCE

PUBLIC PUBLIC PRIVATE PROTECTED

NOT NOT NOT

PRIVATE INHERITED INHERITED INHERITED

PROTECTED PROTECTED PRIVATE PROTECTED

Page 18 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
when base class is inherited with private visibility mode by derived class, public and protected
ember of base class becomes private members of the derived class and Private data of base
class will not inherited.

When base class is publicly Inherited then Public members of base class becomes public members
of derived class, Private data member will not be inherited and protected data of base class
become protected in derived class.

When base class inherited protected, then public and protected members of base class becomes
protected in derived class, Private data member will not be inherited

d) Write a program to find length of a string using pointer to the string.

(Declaration of string and assigning pointers to string - 2 Marks; calculating length - 2 Marks)

Ans: #include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char s[10];
char *ptr;
int count=0;
cout<<"enter string"<<endl;
cin>>s;
ptr=&s;
while(*ptr!=‟\0‟)
{
count++;
ptr++;
}
cout<<"length of string is"<<count;
getch();
}

Page 19 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
e) State any four rules for operator overloading.
(For each rule - 1 Mark, any four rules are expected)
1. Only existing operators can be overloaded. New operators cannot be created.
2. The overloaded operator must have at least one operand that is of user-defined type.
3. We cannot change the basic meaning of an operator. That is to say, we cannot redefine the
plus(+) operator to subtract one value from the other.
4. Overloaded operators follows the syntax rules of the original operators. They cannot be
overridden.
5. There are operators that cannot be overloaded.

Size of Size of Operator

. Membership operator

.* Pointer-to-member operator

:: Scope resolution operator

?: Conditional operator

6. We cannot use friend functions to overload certain operators.

= Assignment operator
() Function call operator
[] Subscripting operator
- > Class member access operator
7. Unary operators, overloaded by means of a member function, take no explicit arguments and
return no explicit values, but those overloaded by means of friend function, take one reference
argument (the object of the relevant class).
8. Binary operators overloaded through a member function take one explicit arguments and
those which are overloaded thorough a friend function take two explicit arguments.
9. When using binary operators overloaded through a member function, the left hand operand
must be an object of the relevant class.
10. Binary arithmetic operators such as +,-,*, and / must explicitly return a value.
They must not attempt to change their own arguments

Page 20 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

f) Write a program using function overloading to swap 2 integer numbers & swap 2 float
numbers.
(Function for swapping two integers – 2 Marks, Function for swapping two Float numbers – 2
Marks)
Ans: #include<conio.h>
#include<iostream.h>
void swap(int a, int b)
{
int temp;
temp=a;
a=b;
b=temp;
cout<<"\n After integer swapping";
cout<<"\n A=="<<a<<"\nB=="<<b;
}
void swap(float x, float y)
{
float temp1;
temp1=x;
x=y;
y=temp1;
cout<<"\n After float swapping";
cout<<"\n X=="<<x<<"\nY=="<<y;
}
void main()
{
clrscr();
swap(10,20);

Page 21 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
swap(10.10,20.10);
getch();
}

4. Attempt any FOUR of the following: Marks 16

a) Enlist the applications of OOP.
(List of applications (Any four) – 1 Mark each)

Ans: Following are applications of OOP:

1. Real-time system

2. Simulation and modeling

3. Object-oriented data bases

4. Hypertext, Hypermedia, and expertext

5. AI and expert systems

6. Neural networks and parallel programming

7. Decision support and office automation systems

8. CIM/CAM/CAD systems

b) Write a program to define a class having data members principle, duration & rate-of-
interest. Declare rate-of- interest as static member variable. Calculate the simple interest &
display it for one object.
(Class declaration – 2 Marks, Calculation Function – 1 Mark, Display data function – 1 Mark)

Ans: #include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

class SI

float principle;

int duration;

Page 22 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
static int rate_of_interest;

public:

void get()

cout<<"\n Enter the principle: ";

cin>> principle;

cout<<"\n Enter the duration: ";

cin>>duration;

cout<<"\n...........................\n";

void put()

cout<<"\n The principle is: "<< principle <<"Rs \n";

cout<<"\n The duration is: "<<duration<<"yrs \n";

cout<<"\n The rate of interest is: "<<rate_of_interest<<"% \n";

cout<<"\n The simple interest is: "<<(principle*rate_of _interest*duration)/100<<"Rs \n";

cout<<"\n________________________________\n";

};

int SI:: rate_of_interest =10;

void main()

SI s;

clrscr();

s.get();

Page 23 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
cout<<"\n The simple interest is @10% \n";

s.put();

getch();

c) Illustrate the concept of constructor with default argument with suitable example.

(Explanation – 2 Marks, Example – 2 Marks)

Note: Any other relevant example should be considered.

Ans: Constructor:

o It as possible to define the constructors with default arguments e.g.

The constructor antiques () can be declared as –
integers‟ (int x, int y =20);
o The default value of argument is20.The the statement integer I *(30)
o Rules for constructor with default argument are sane function with default argument.
o Eg. Programs:

class integer

int m,n ;

public:

void display ()

cout<< “\n”<<m;

cout<<”\t”<<n;

integer (int x, int y=100)

Page 24 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
m=x;

n=y;

};

void main ()

integer i1 (200);

i1.display ();

getch ();

d) State any four characteristics of constructor.

(Each characteristics - 1 Mark; any four)
Ans: The constructor functions have some special characteristics. These are:
They should be declared in the public section.
They are invoked automatically when the objects are created.
They do not have return types, not even void and therefore, and they cannot return values.
They cannot be inherited though a derived class can call the class constructor.
Like other C++ functions, they can have default arguments.
Constructors cannot be virtual.
We cannot refer to their addresses.
An object with a constructor (or destructor) cannot be used as a member of a union.
They make „implicit calls‟ to the operators new and delete when memory allocation is
required.

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

e) Illustrate the hierarchical inheritance.

(Definition: 1 Mark, Diagram -1 Mark, Program/syntax/example 2 Marks)
Ans: One base class with many derived classes is called Hierarchical Inheritance.

Base class

B C

Derived class 1 Derived class 2

#include<iostream.h>

#include<conio.h>

class emp

int id;

char name[20];

int sal;

public:

void accept()

{ cout<<"enter id, name and salary"<<endl;

cin>>id>>name>>sal;

void dis()

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
cout<<"id"<<id;

cout<<"name--"<<name<<endl;

cout<<"salary"<<sal;

}};

class manager : public emp

{ public:

acc1()

accept();

dis();

}} ;

class clerk :public emp

{public:

acc2()

{accept();

dis() ;

}};

void main()

manager m;

clerk c;

m.acc1();

c.acc2();

getch();

Page 27 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

f) Explain the concept of ‘this’ pointer.

(Explanation- 2 Marks, Example/Program - 2 Marks)
Ans: this pointer:
1. C++ uses a unique keyword called „this‟ to represent an object that invokes a member function.

2. This unique pointer is automatically passed to a member function when it is invoked.

3. „this „ is a pointer that always point to the object for which the member function was called .

4. For example, the function call A.max () will set the pointer „this‟ to the address of the object A.
Next time suppose we call B.max(), the pointer „this‟ will store address of object B.

Consider the following example:

#include<conio.h>

#include<iostream>

class sample

int a;

public:

void setdata(int x)

this ->a=x;

void putdata()

cout<<this ->a;

};

Page 28 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
void main()

clrscr();

sample s;

s.setdata(100);

s.putdata();

getch();

5. Attempt any FOUR of the following: Marks 16

a) Explain the concept of friend function.

(Explanation- 2 Marks; Syntax/ program- 2 Marks)
Ans: Friend functions
Private and protected members of a class cannot be accessed from outside the same class in which
they are declared. However, this rule does not affect friends.
A function that is not a member of a class but has access to the class‟s private and protected
members.
They are normal external functions that are given special access privileges.
Friend function is declared by the class that is granting access. The friend declaration can be
placed anywhere in the class declaration. It is not affected by the access control keywords (public,
private and protected.)

#include <iostream>
class myclass {
int num;
public:
myclass(int x) {
num = x;
}

Page 29 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
friend int isneg(myclassob);
};

int isneg(myclassob) //friend function

{
return (ob.num< 0) ? 1 : 0;
}

int main()
{
myclass a(-1), b(2);

cout<<isneg(a) << ' ' <<isneg(b);

cout<<endl;

return 0;
}

b) Write a program to accept string from user & count number of vowels in the string using
pointer to string.
(Accepting String - 1 Mark, positioning pointer variable - 1 Mark, Counting vowels - 2 Marks)

Ans: #include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char string[20], *p;
int count=0;
clrscr();
cout<<"\nEnter a string:-\t";
cin>>string;

Page 30 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
p=&string[0];
while(*p!='\0')
{
if(*p=='a'||*p=='e'||*p=='i'||*p=='o'||*p=='u')
{
count++;
}
else if(*p=='A'||*p=='E'||*p=='I'||*p=='O'||*p=='U')
{
count++;
}
p++;
}
cout<<"\nNumbers of vowels characters in given string are "<<count;
getch();
}

c) Explain the concept of overloaded constructors in a class with suitable example.

(Explanation- 2 Mark, Program- 2 Marks)
(Note: Any other relevant example should be considered)
Ans: Overloaded constructor is one where we have more than one constructor present in a class.
It may have any combination of constructors like default-parameterized, default – copy or
copy – parameterized.
Example:-
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class ovldcnst
{
inta,b;
public:
ovldcnst()

Page 31 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
{
a=0;
b=0;
}
ovldcnst(int x,int y)
{
a=x;
b=y;
}
void display()
{
cout<<"\n"<<"\t"<<a<<"\t"<<b<<"\n";
}
};
void main()
{
ovldcnst o,o1(10,20);
clrscr();
o.display();
o1.display();
ovldcnst o2 = o1;
o2.display();
getch();
}

Page 32 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

d) Identify the type of inheritance and implement it by writing a program for the following
figure no. 2. Assume suitable member functions.

Customer

Name,

Phone - number

Depositor

Acc-no,

Balance

Borrower

Loan-no

Loan – amount
Fig. No. 2

(Type identification- 1 Mark, Program - 3 Marks)

Ans: Figure 2 gives the diagrammatical representation of multilevel inheritance type.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
class Customer
{
char name[20];
long phone_number;
public:
void accept_c()

Page 33 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
{
cout<<"\nEnter Name and Phone number:-\t";
cin>>name>>phone_number;
}
void display_c()
{
cout<<"\nThe Name is:-\t"<<name;
cout<<"\nPhone Number is:-\t"<<phone_number;
}
};
class Depositor:public Customer
{
int acc_no, balance;
public:
void accept_d()
{
cout<<"\nEnter Account Number and Balance:-\t";
cin>>acc_no>>balance;
}
void display_d()
{
cout<<"\nAccount Number is:-\t"<<acc_no;
cout<<"\nBalance is:-\t"<<balance;
}
};
class Borrower : public Depositor
{
int Loan_no, Loan_amount;
public:
void accept_b()
{

Page 34 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
cout<<"\nEnter Loan Number and Loan Amount:-\t";
cin>>Loan_no>>Loan_amount;
}
void display_b()
{
cout<<"\nLoan Number is:-\t"<<Loan_no;
cout<<"\nLoan Amount is:-\t"<<Loan_amount;
}
};

void main()
{
Borrower b1;
clrscr();
b1.accept_c();
b1.accept_d();
b1.accept_b();
b1.display_c();
b1.display_d();
b1.display_b();
}

e) Explain virtual function with suitable example.

(Explanation - 2 Marks, Example - 2 Marks)
Ans: Virtual function is a mechanism in Object oriented programming which allows the programmer to
have more than one class to have a function with same name, return type and arguments i.e. their
function signature can be same.
In Virtual function one defines a function with keyword “Virtual” at the beginning. This ensures
that only one copy will be exist at any given period of time.

Page 35 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
While accessing these functions the developer will first creates the pointer variable of class type
i.e. a pointer of object for the class which holds the virtual function in it. Then while run time one
can call required function by adjusting the pointer location.
This is also known as run time polymorphism or late binding or dynamic binding as selection of
the functions takes place at run time.

Example of Virtual function:

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class student
{
public:
int roll;
float per;
char name[10];
virtual void getdata()
{
cout<<"\n Enter the Rollno, Percentage, Name:";
cin>>roll>>per>>name;
}
virtual void putdata()
{
cout<<"Rollno"<<roll<<"has percentage"<<per<<"And Name is:"<<name;
}
};
class student1:public student
{
char branch[10];
public:
void getdata()
{

Page 36 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
cout<<"\n Enter the branch:";
cin>>branch;
}
void putdata()
{
cout<<"The Branch is:"<<branch;
}
};
void main()
{
student s,*sptr;
student1 s1;
clrscr();
sptr=&s;
sptr->getdata();
sptr->putdata();
sptr=&s1;
sptr->getdata();
sptr->putdata();
getch();
}

f) Write a program to declare a class distance having data members feet & inches. Overload
unary ‘_’ operator so that when it is used with object of this class, it will decrement values of
inches by 1.
(Class declaration - 1 Mark, Operator function - 2 Marks, Accept & display value -1 Mark)

Ans: #include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class distance
{

Page 37 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
int feet,inches;
public:
void accept()
{
cout<<"\nEnter distance in feet and inches";
cin>>feet>>inches;
}
void display()
{
cout<<"\nDistance is:-";
cout<<"\nFeet = "<<feet;
cout<<"\nInches = "<<inches;
}
void operator -()
{
feet--;
inches--;
}
};
void main()
{
distance d1;
clrscr();
d1.accept();
cout<<"\nDistance before Operator overloading";
d1.display();
-d1;
cout<<"\nDistance after Operator Overloading";
d1.display();
getch();
}

Page 38 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Attempt any TWO of the following: Marks 16

a) Write a program to declare a class ‘staff ‘having data member as name & department.
Accept this data for 10 staffs & display names of staff that are in cm department.
(Declaring class with proper functions and data members - 3 Marks, creating ten objects - 1
Mark, accepting values- 1 Mark, displaying requiring data - 3 Marks)
Ans: #include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
class staff
{
char name[20],department[5];
public:
void accept()
{
cout<<"\nEnter Name and Department";
cin>>name>>department;
}
void display()
{
if(strcmpi(department,"cm")==0)
{
cout<<"\nStaff "<<name<<" works in cm department";
}
}
};
void main()
{
staff s[10];
int i;

Page 39 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
clrscr();
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
s[i].accept();
}
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
s[i].display();
}
getch();
}

b) Explain the concept of virtual base class with its general syntax & suitable example.
(Explanation - 2 Marks, Diagram- 1 Mark, Syntax -2 Marks, Program -3 Marks)
Ans: Suppose you have two derived classes B and C that have a common base class A, and you also
have another class D that inherits from B and C. You can declare the base class A as virtual to
ensure that B and C share the same subobject of A.
In the following example, an object of class D has two distinct subobjects of class L, one through
class B1 and another through class B2. You can use the keyword virtual in front of the base class
specifiers in the base lists of classes B1 and B2 to indicate that only one subobject of type L,
shared by class B1 and class B2, exists.

B1 B

Page 40 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Syntax of Virtual Base Class

class L { /* ... */ }; // indirect base class

class B1 : virtual public L { /* ... */ };

class B2 : virtual public L { /* ... */ };

class D : public B1, public B2, public L { /* ... */ }; // valid

Using the keyword virtual in this example ensures that an object of class D inherits only one
subobject of class L.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class student
{
intrno;
public:
void getnumber()
{
cout<<"Enter Roll No:";
cin>>rno;
}
void putnumber()
{
cout<<"\n\n\tRoll No:"<<rno<<"\n";
}
};

class test:virtual public student

{
public:

Page 41 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
int part1,part2;
void getmarks()
{
cout<<"Enter Marks\n";
cout<<"Part1:";
cin>>part1;
cout<<"Part2:";
cin>>part2;
}
void putmarks()
{
cout<<"\tMarks Obtained\n";
cout<<"\n\tPart1:"<<part1;
cout<<"\n\tPart2:"<<part2;
}
};

class sports:public virtual student

{
public:
int score;
void getscore()
{
cout<<"Enter Sports Score:";
cin>>score;
}
void putscore()
{
cout<<"\n\tSports Score is:"<<score;
}
};

Page 42 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

class result:public test,public sports

{
int total;
public:
void display()
{
total=part1+part2+score;
putnumber();
putmarks();
putscore();
cout<<"\n\tTotal Score:"<<total;
}
};

void main()
{
result obj;
clrscr();
obj.getnumber();
obj.getmarks();
obj.getscore();
obj.display();
getch();
}

Page 43 of 44
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 14 EXAMINATION
Subject Code: 17432 Model Answer Subject Name: Object Oriented
Programming
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

c) Write a program to concatenate two strings by using pointers.

(Accepting string -1 Mark, pointing to string- 2 Marks, navigating to the end of first string -1
Mark, coping sting -3 Marks, displaying string -1 Mark)
Ans: #include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char str1[20],str2[20],*p,*q;
clrscr();
cout<<"\nEnter two string for concatenation";
cin>>str1>>str2;
p=&str1[0];
q=&str2[0];
while(*p!='\0')
{
p++;
}
while(*q!='\0')
{
*p=*q;
p++;
q++;
}
cout<<"\nConcatenated String is:-\t"<<str1;
getch();
}

Page 44 of 44