Skills Practice Skills Practice for Lesson 4.

Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________

Interior and Exterior Angles of a Triangle

Triangle Sum, Exterior Angle, and Exterior Angle
Inequality Theorems
Vocabulary
Write the term that best completes each statement.
1. The Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem states that the measure of an
exterior angle of a triangle is greater than the measure of either of the remote
interior angles of the triangle.

2. The Triangle Sum Theorem states that the sum of the

measures of the interior angles of a triangle is 180°.

3. The Exterior Angle Theorem states that the measure of an

exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the measures of the remote
interior angles of the triangle.

4. The remote interior angles of a triangle are the two angles that are
4 non-adjacent to the specified exterior angle.

Problem Set
Determine the measure of the missing angle in each triangle.
1. B 2. P Q
80˚ 66˚

© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

78° 37°
A C

mB  180°  (78°  37°)  65° mR  180°  (80°  66°)  34°

Chapter 4 l Skills Practice 429

 3. K 4. G
35˚

28˚
90˚ 32˚
M L
F E

mL  180°  (28°  35°)  117° mG  180°  (90°  32°)  58°

5. W 6. T

60˚ 110˚

60˚ X 35˚
V U

mY  180°  (60°  60°)  60° mU  180°  (110°  35°)  35°

List the side lengths from shortest to longest for each diagram.

7. C 8. S
4
a
B 48° b

c 21° t
r
A

60˚ 54˚
T s R

mC  180°  (48°  21°)  111° mS  180°  (54°  60°)  66°
© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

The shortest side of a triangle The shortest side of a triangle

is opposite the smallest angle. is opposite the smallest angle.
So, the side lengths from shortest So, the side lengths from shortest
to longest are a, b, c. to longest are r, t, s.

430 Chapter 4 l Skills Practice

 Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________

9. M 10. Z
k
42˚ y
L 28˚ l x
118˚
m 84˚
K X
z
Y

mM  180°  (118°  28°)  34° mY  180°  (84°  42°)  54°

The shortest side of a triangle The shortest side of a triangle

is opposite the smallest angle. is opposite the smallest angle.
So, the side lengths from shortest So, the side lengths from shortest
to longest are l, m, k. to longest are z, y, x.

11. X b Y 12. u C
67˚ B
79˚ 50˚
d
a c 30˚ t v
27˚ r
90˚
4 W
64˚
e Z A s
60˚
D

mX  180°  (67°  27°)  86° mA  180°  (60°  30°)  90°
mZ  180°  (64°  79°)  37° mC  180°  (90°  50°)  40°

The shortest side of a triangle is The shortest side of a triangle is

opposite the smallest angle. Side c is opposite the smallest angle. Side t is
the longest side of WXY and the the longest side of ABD and the
shortest side of WYZ. So, the side shortest side of BCD. So, the side
lengths from shortest to longest lengths from shortest to longest

© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

are b, a, c, d, e. are s, r, t, v, u.

Chapter 4 l Skills Practice 431

 Identify the interior angles, the exterior angle, and the remote interior
angles of each triangle.

13. Y 14.
T U
X
W

Z
R S

Interior angles: XYZ, YZX, ZXY Interior angles: RST, RTS, SRT

Exterior angle: WXZ Exterior angle: STU

Remote interior angles: XYZ, YZX Remote interior angles: RST, SRT

15. F 16. B

E C
G H

D 4
Interior angles: EFG, EGF, FEG Interior angles: ABC, ACB, BAC

Exterior angle: FGH Exterior angle: BAD

Remote interior angles: EFG, FEG Remote interior angles: ABC, ACB

17. L 18.
P
© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

Q
J K M

R S

Interior angles: JKL, JLK, KJL Interior angles: QRS, QSR, RQS

Exterior angle: LKM Exterior angle: PQS

Remote interior angles: JLK, KJL Remote interior angles: QRS, QSR

432 Chapter 4 l Skills Practice

 Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________

Solve for x in each diagram.

19. G 20.
x R 140˚
V
x S
130°
J
F
99° 132˚
T
H
K U

mGFH  180°  130°  50° mRTS  180°  132°  48°

mGHK  mGFH  mFGH mRSV  mRTS  mSRT

99°  50°  x 140°  48°  x
49°  x 92°  x

21. I 22. U
2x
H x 64˚
K
J 81˚ 90˚ (x + 8)

R T V S

mIJK  180°  81°  99° mUTV  180°  90°  90°

4
mIJK  mHIJ  mIHJ mSVU  mUTV  mTUV
99°  2x  x x  8°  90°  64°
99°  3x x  8°  154°
33°  x x  146°

© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

Chapter 4 l Skills Practice 433

 23. K 24.
G
(2x + 4)
132˚ 90˚ F
M
J

(3x + 2) (2x + 18)

112˚ D E
L
N

mKJL  180°  132°  48° mDFE  180°  90°  90°

mKLN  mKJL  mJKL mDFG  mDEF  mEDF

112°  48°  (2x  4°) 90°  (2x  18°)  (3x  2°)
112°  52°  2x 90°  5x  20°
60°  2x 70°  5x
30°  x 14°  x

Use the given information for each triangle to write two inequalities that you
would need to prove the Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem.

25. T 26. R
Q
R P
Q 4
S

Given: Triangle RST with exterior TRQ Given: Triangle QRS with exterior PQR
Prove: mTRQ ⬎ mS and Prove: mPQR ⬎ mR and
mTRQ ⬎ mT mPQR ⬎ mS
© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

434 Chapter 4 l Skills Practice

 Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________

27. T 28. J
U

F G H
W V

Given: Triangle UVW with exterior TUV Given: Triangle GHJ with exterior FGJ

Prove: mTUV ⬎ mV and Prove: mFGJ ⬎ mH and

mTUV ⬎ mW mFGJ ⬎ mJ

29. K L M 30. A B

C
N
D

Given: Triangle LMN with exterior KLN Given: Triangle ABC with exterior BCD

4 Prove: mKLN ⬎ mM and

mKLN ⬎ mN
Prove: mBCD ⬎ mA and
mBCD ⬎ mB

© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

Chapter 4 l Skills Practice 435

 Skills Practice Skills Practice for Lesson 4.2

Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________

Installing a Satellite Dish

Simplifying Radicals, Pythagorean Theorem, and
Its Converse
Vocabulary
Match each definition to its corresponding term.

1. an expression that involves a radical sign a. square root

d. radical expression

__
2. the symbol √ b. radical sign

b. radical sign

3. a number b such that b2  a c. radicand

a. square root 4
4. the sides of a right triangle that form the right angle d. radical expression

g. legs

5. the expression written under a radical sign e. simplest form

c. radicand
© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

6. when the radicand of a radical expression f. hypotenuse

contains no factors that are perfect squares

e. simplest form

7. the side opposite the right angle in a right triangle g. legs

f. hypotenuse

Chapter 4 l Skills Practice 437

 Problem Set
Calculate the value of each radical expression.
___ ____
1. √81 2. √ 121

81  92 121  112
___ ____
√ 81  9 √ 121  11
___ ___ __ __
3. √16 √16 4. √ 9 √ 9

16  42 9  32
___ ___ __ __
√ 16 √ 16  4(4)  16 √ 9 √ 9  3(3)  9
___ ___ ___ ____
5. √16 √36 6. √ 25 √ 100

16  42; 36  62 25  52; 100  102

___ ___ ___ ____
√ 16 √ 36  4(6)  24 √ 25 √ 100  5(10)  50

Simplify each expression and write the result in radical form.

___ ___
7. √63 8. √ 72
4 ___ ______ __ __
√ 63  √ 9  7  √ 9 √ 7  3√ 7
__ ___ _______ ___ __
√ 72  √ 36  2  √ 36 √ 2  6√ 2
__

___ ___
9. √75 10. √ 45
___ _______ ___ __ __ ___ ______ __ __ __
√ 75  √ 25  3  √ 25 √ 3  5√ 3 √ 45  √ 9  5  √ 9 √ 5  3√ 5
____ ____
11. √300 12. √ 275
____ ________ ____ __ __ ____ ________ ___ ___ ___
√ 300  √ 100  3  √ 100 √ 3  10√ 3 √ 275  √ 25  11  √ 25 √ 11  5√ 11

Name the form of 1 that you would use to simplify each fraction.

© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

1__
13. ___ 7__
14. ___
√5 √7
__ __
√5
___ √7
___
__ __
√5 √7

10
15. ___
__ 4
16. ____
___
√3 √ 19
__ ___
√3
___ √ 19
____
__ ___
√3 √ 19

438 Chapter 4 l Skills Practice

 Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________

Simplify each fraction.

5__
17. ___
√6
__ __ __ __
5__  ___ √6
5__  ___ 5__√6__  ____
√6
5___ 5√ 6
___ __  _____  ____
√6 √6 √6 √6 √6 √ 36 6

3__
18. ___
√5
__ __ __ __
3__  ___ √5
3__  ___ 3__√ 5__  ____
√5
3___ 3√ 5
___ __  _____  ____
√5 √5 √5 √5 √5 √ 25 5

2
19. ____
___
√ 10
___ ___ ___ ___ ___
2  ____ √ 10
2  ____ 2√ 10 √ 10
2____ 2√ 10  ____
√ 10
____
___ ___ ___  ________
___ ___  _____  _____
√ 10 √ 10 √ 10 √ 10 √ 10 √ 100 10 5

4__
20. ___
√6
__ __ __ __ __
4__  ___ √6
4__  ___ 4__√ 6__  ____
√6
4___ 4√6  ____
2√ 6
___ __  _____  ____
√6 √6 √6 √6 √6 √ 36 6 3

3__
21. ___
√9
3__  __
___
√9
31
3
4
6__
22. ___
√2
__ __ __ __
6__  ___
___ √2
6__  ___ 6__√ 2__  ____
__  _____ 6√2  3√__
6√__2  ____ 2
√2 √2 √2 √2 √2 √4 2

Given the area A of a square, calculate the length of one side.

23. A  48 cm2
© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

A  ᐉ__
2

ᐉ  √___
A _______ ___ __ __
ᐉ  √48  √16  3  √16 √ 3  4√3
__
Each side is 4√3 centimeters long.

Chapter 4 l Skills Practice 439

 24. A  75 m2

A  ᐉ__
2

ᐉ  √___
A _______ ___ __ __
ᐉ  √75  √25  3  √25 √3  5√ 3
__
Each side is 5√ 3 meters long.

25. Ingrid covers the floor of a square room with 196 large tiles. The area of each tile
is 1 square foot. What is the length of one side of the room?

A  ᐉ__
2

ᐉ  √____
A
ᐉ  196  14
√

Each side of the room is 14 feet long.

26. Devon prepares a square garden with an area of 180 square feet. How much
fencing will Devon need for each side of the garden?

A  ᐉ__
2

ᐉ  √____
A _______ ___ __ __
ᐉ  √180  √36  5  √36 √ 5  6√ 5
__
Devon will need 6√ 5 feet of fencing for each side of the garden.
4
Determine the length of the hypotenuse of each triangle. Round your
answer to the nearest tenth, if necessary.
27. 28.
c c
3 6

4 8

c2  32  42 c2  62  82
c2  9  16 c2  36  64

© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

c2  25
___
c2  100
____
c  √25  5 c  √ 100  10

The length of the hypotenuse is The length of the hypotenuse is

5 units. 10 units.

440 Chapter 4 ● Skills Practice

 Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________

29. 30.
c c
8 10

8 15

c2  82  82 c2  102  152
c2  64  64 c2  100  225
c2  128
____
c2  325
____
c  √128
__
c  √ 325
___
c  8√2  11.3 c  5√13  18.0

The length of the hypotenuse The length of the hypotenuse

is approximately 11.3 units. is approximately 18.0 units.

Determine the length of the unknown leg. Round your answer to the nearest
tenth, if necessary.

31. 32.
13 15
5 a

b 12

52  b2
25  b2


132
169
a2  122
a2  144


152
225
4
b2  169  25 a2  225  144
b2  144
____
a2  81
___
b  √ 144 a  √ 81
b  12 a  9
The length of the unknown leg is 12 units. The length of the unknown leg is 9 units.
© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

Chapter 4 ● Skills Practice 441

 33. 34.
9
3
a 10

b
5

a2  52  102 32  b2  92
a2  25  100 9  b2  81
a2  100  25 b2  81  9
a2  75
___
b2  72
___
a  √ 75
__
b  √ 72
__
a  5√3  8.7 b  6√ 2  8.5

The length of the unknown leg is The length of the unknown leg is
approximately 8.7 units. approximately 8.5 units.

Use the converse of the Pythagorean Theorem to determine whether each

triangle is a right triangle. Explain your answer.

35.
17
8
4 15

Yes. This is a right triangle.

82  152  64  225  289  172

The sum of the squares of the lengths of the two legs is equal to the square of
the length of the hypotenuse, so this is a right triangle.

© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

442 Chapter 4 ● Skills Practice

 Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________

36.
9
5

No. This is not a right triangle.

52  72  25  49  74
92  81
74  81

The sum of the squares of the lengths of the two legs is not equal to the
square of the length of the hypotenuse, so this is not a right triangle.

37.
4 10

No. This is not a right triangle.

42  82  16  64  80
102  100
80  100 4
The sum of the squares of the lengths of the two legs is not equal to the
square of the length of the hypotenuse, so this is not a right triangle.

38.
50
30

40
© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

Yes. This is a right triangle.

302  402  900  1600  2500  502

The sum of the squares of the lengths of the two legs is equal to the square of
the length of the hypotenuse, so this is a right triangle.

Chapter 4 ● Skills Practice 443

 Use the Pythagorean Theorem to calculate each unknown length.
Round your answer to the nearest tenth, if necessary.
39. Chandra has a ladder that is 20 feet long. If the top of the ladder reaches 16 feet
up the side of a building, how far from the building is the base of the ladder?

162  b2  202
256  b2  400
b2  400  256
b2  144
____
b  √ 144
b  12

The base of the ladder is 12 feet from the building.

40. A scaffold has a diagonal support beam to strengthen it. If the scaffold is 12 feet
high and 5 feet wide, how long must the support beam be?

52  122  c2
25  144  c2
169
____
 c2
√ 169  c
13  c
4 The length of the diagonal support beam is 13 feet.

41. The length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is 40 centimeters. The legs of the
triangle are the same length. How long is each leg of the triangle?

a2  a2  402
2a2  1600
a2  800
____
a  √ 800

© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

__
a  20√ 2
a  28.3

The length of each leg of the triangle is approximately 28.3 centimeters.

444 Chapter 4 ● Skills Practice

 Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________

42. A carpenter props a ladder against the wall of a building. The base of the ladder is
10 feet from the wall. The top of the ladder is 24 feet from the ground. How long is
the ladder?

102  242  c2
100  576  c2
676
____
 c2
√ 676  c
26  c

The ladder is 26 feet long.

4
© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

Chapter 4 l Skills Practice 445

 Skills Practice Skills Practice for Lesson 4.3

Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________

Special Right Triangles

Properties of a 45° – 45° – 90° Triangle
Vocabulary
Define each term in your own words.

1. 45°– 45°– 90° triangle

A 45°– 45°– 90° triangle is an isosceles right triangle.

2. 45°– 45°– 90° Triangle Theorem

The 45°– 45°– 90° Triangle Theorem

__
states that the length of the hypotenuse in
a 45°– 45°– 90° triangle is √ 2 times the length of a leg.

Problem Set
4 Determine the length of the hypotenuse of each 45°– 45°– 90° triangle.
Write your answer as a radical in simplest form.

1. 2.
c c
2 in. 5 cm

2 in. 5 cm
__ __
c  2√2 c  5√2

The
__
length of the hypotenuse is The
__
length of the hypotenuse is

© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

2√2 inches. 5√2 centimeters.

3. 4.
c c
9 ft 7 km

9 ft 7 km
__ __
c  9√2 c  7√2

The__
length of the hypotenuse is The
__
length of the hypotenuse is
√
9 2 feet. √
7 2 kilometers.

Chapter 4 l Skills Practice 447

 Determine the lengths of the legs of each 45°–45°–90° triangle. Write your
answer as a radical in simplest form.

5. 6.
a 16 cm a 12 mi

a a
__ __
a√2  16 a√ 2  12
16
a  ___
__ 12
a  ___
__
√2 √2
__ __
16 √2 12 √2
a _____
__ __ a _____
__ __
√2 √2 √2 √2
__ __
16√ 2  8√__
a  _____ 2 12√ 2  6√__
a  _____ 2
2 __
2 __
The length of each leg is 8√ 2 centimeters. The length of each leg is 6√2 miles.

7. 8.
6 2 ft 8 2m
a a

a a
__ __ __ __
a√2  6√2 a√ 2  8√ 2
6√__2
a  ____
__
8√__2
a  ____
__
4
√2 √2
a6 a8

The length of each leg is 6 feet. The length of each leg is 8 meters.

Use the given information to answer each question. Round your answer to
the nearest tenth, if necessary.
© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

9. Soren is flying a kite on the beach. The string forms a 45º angle with the ground.
If he has let out 16 meters of line, how high above the ground is the kite?
__
a√2  16
16
a  ___
__
√2
__
16 √
__ 2
a  _______
√2 √2
__
16√ 2  8√__
a  _____ 2  11.3
2
The kite is approximately 11.3 meters above the ground.

448 Chapter 4 l Skills Practice

 Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________

10. Meena is picking oranges from the tree in her yard. She rests a 12-foot ladder
against the tree at a 45º angle. How far is the top of the ladder from the ground?
__
a√ 2  12
12
a  ___
__
√2
__
12 √2
a _____
__ __
√2 √2
__
12√2  6√__
a  _____ 2  8.5
2
The top of the ladder is approximately 8.5 feet from the ground.

11. Emily is building a square bookshelf. She wants to add a diagonal support beam to
the back to strengthen it. The diagonal divides the bookshelf into two 45º– 45º– 90º
triangles. If each side of the bookshelf is 4 feet long, what must the length of the
support beam be?
__
c  4√2  5.7

The support beam must be approximately 5.7 feet long.

12. Prospect Park is a square with side lengths of 512 meters. One of the paths
through the park runs diagonally from the northeast corner to the southwest corner,
and divides the park into two 45º– 45º– 90º triangles. How long is that path?
__
c  512√ 2  724.1

The path is approximately 724.1 meters long.

© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

Chapter 4 l Skills Practice 449

 Determine the area of each triangle.
13.
a 16 mm

a
__ __ __
a√2  16 1 (8√ 2 )(8√2 )
A  __
2 __
16
a  ___
__ 64(√ 2 )2
√2
__ A  _______
2
16 √2
a  __ __
_____
64(2)
√2 √2
__ A  _____
2
16√ 2
a  _____
2__ A  64
a  8√2

The area of the triangle is 64 square millimeters.

14.
a 18 in.

a
__ __ __
a√2  18 1 (9√ 2 )(9√2 )
A  __
18
a  ___
__
2 __
81(√ 2 )2
4
√2 A  _______
__ 2
18 √
__ 2
a  _______ 81(2)
√2 √2 A  _____
__ 2
18√ 2
a  _____ A  81
2__
a  9√2

The area of the triangle is 81 square inches.

15.
© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

a 7 ft

a
__ __
__
a√2  7 ( )( )
7√2 ____
1 ____
A  __
2 2__ 2
7√2

7__
a  ___ 49(√ 2 )2
√2 A  _______
__ 8
7__√2__
a  _____ 49(2)
√2 √2 A  _____
__ 8
7√ 2
a  ____ A  12.25
2
The area of the triangle is 12.25 square feet.

450 Chapter 4 l Skills Practice

 Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________

16.
11 m
a

a
__ __
__
a√ 2  11
11
(
1 _____
A  __
2 2 __ )(
11√ 2 _____
11√ 2
2 )
a  ___
__ 121( √ 2 ) 2
√2
__ A  ________
8
11 √
__ 2
a  _______ 121(2)
√2 √2
__ A  ______
8
11√2
a  _____
2 A  30.25

The area of the triangle is 30.25 square meters.

Use the given information to answer each question.

17. Eli is making a mosaic using tiles shaped like 45º– 45º– 90º triangles. The length
of the hypotenuse of each tile is 13 centimeters. What is the area of each tile?
__ __
__
a√ 2  13
√2 )
__
A  __
2 2( __
2 )(
13√ 2 _____
1 _____ 13√ 2
)
13 13(
a  ___
__  _______
__ __ 169(√ 2 )2 169(2)
√2 √ 2 (√ 2 ) A  ________  ______
4 13√2
a  _____
__
169
8 8

2 A ____  42.25
4
The area of each tile is 42.25 square centimeters.

18. Baked pita chips are often in the shape of 45º– 45º– 90º triangles. Caitlyn finds that
the longest side of a pita chip in one bag measures 3 centimeters. What is the area
of the pita chip? __ __
__
a√ 2  3 1 ____
A  __ ( )( )
3√ 2 ____
3√2

© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

2 __ 2 2
3__
a  ___ 9( √ 2 ) 2
√2 A  ______
__ 8
3 √2
a _____
__ __ 9(2)
√2 √2 A  ____
__ 8
3√2
a  ____ A  2.25
2
The area of each pita chip is 2.25 square centimeters.

Chapter 4 l Skills Practice 451

 19. Annika is making a kite in the shape of a 45º– 45º– 90º triangle. The longest side of
the kite is 28 inches. What is the area of the piece of fabric needed for the kite?
__ __ __
a√2  28 1 (14√2 )(14√ 2 )
A  __
2 __
28
a  ___
__ 196(√ 2 )2
√2 A ________
__ 2
28 √2
a _____
__ __ 196(2)
√2 √2 A  ______
__ 2
28√ 2
a  _____ A  196
2 __
a  14√2

The area of the piece of fabric needed for the kite is 196 square inches.

20. A tent has a mesh door that is shaped like a 45º– 45º– 90º triangle. The longest side
of the door is 36 inches. What is the area of the mesh door?
__ __ __
a√2  36 1 (18√2 )(18√ 2 )
A  __
2 __
36
a  ___
__ 324(√ 2 )2
√2 A ________
__ 2
36 √
__ 2
a  _______ 324(2)
A  ______
√2 √2
36√ 2
__
A  324
2 4
a  _____
2
__
a  18√2

The area of the mesh door is 324 square inches.

© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

452 Chapter 4 l Skills Practice

 Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________

Construct each isosceles triangle described using the given segment.

21. Construct right isosceles triangle ABC with segment BC as the hypotenuse by
constructing 45° angles at B and C.

B C

B C

4
22. Construct right isosceles triangle WXY with segment WX as the hypotenuse by
constructing 45° angles at W and X.

W X

© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

X

W X

Chapter 4 l Skills Practice 453

 ___
23. Construct right isosceles triangle PQR with RQ as a leg and R as the right angle.

R Q

R Q

___
24. Construct right isosceles triangle DEF with DF as a leg and D as the right angle.

D F
4
E
© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

D F

454 Chapter 4 l Skills Practice

 Skills Practice Skills Practice for Lesson 4.4

Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________

Other Special Right Triangles

Properties of a 30° – 60° – 90° Triangle
Vocabulary
Write the term that best completes each statement.

1. A(n) 30º– 60º– 90º triangle is formed by dividing an equilateral

triangle in half by its altitude.

2. The 30º– 60º– 90º Triangle Theorem states that the length of the hypotenuse in
a 30°- 60°- 90° triangle
__
is two times the length of the shorter leg, and the length of
the longer leg is √3 times the length of the shorter leg.

Problem Set
Determine the measure of the indicated interior angle.

1. A 2. D
30°
4
B C E G F

m ABC  60º mDFE  60º

3. H 4. R
30°

60°

J A K S A T

© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

mHAK  90º mTRA  30º

Chapter 4 l Skills Practice 455

 Given the length of the short leg of a 30°– 60°– 90° triangle, determine the
lengths of the long leg and hypotenuse. Write your answers as radicals in
simplest form.

5. 6.
60° c 60° c
3 ft 5 in.
30° 30°
b b

a  3 ft a  5 in.
__ __
b  3√ 3 ft b  5√ 3 in.

c  2(3)  6 ft c  2(5)  10 in.

7. 8.
60° c 60° c
6 mm 15 cm
30° 30°
b b
__ ___
a  √6 mm a  √ 15 cm
__ __ ___ __ ___ __ ___ __
b  √6 √ 3  √18  3√ 2 mm b  √15 √ 3  √45  3√ 5 cm
__ ___
c  2√ 6 mm c  2√15 cm
4
Given the length of the hypotenuse of a 30°– 60°– 90° triangle, determine the
lengths of the two legs. Write your answers as radicals in simplest form.

9. 10.
60° 20 m 60° 16 km
a a
30° 30°
b b

c  20 m c  16 km
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20  10 m
a  ___ 16  8 km
a  ___
2 __ 2 __
b  10√3 m b  8√ 3 km

11. 12.
60° 6 3 yd 60° 4 2 ft
a a
30° 30°
b b
__ __
c  6√ 3 yd c  4√2 ft
__ __
__ __
6√ 3  3√3 yd
a  ____ 4√2  2√ 2 ft
a  ____
2 2
__ __ __ __ __ __
b  ( 3√ 3 )√ 3  3√ 3  9 yd 2
b  ( 2√2 )√ 3  2√6 ft

456 Chapter 4 l Skills Practice

 Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________

Given the length of the long side of a 30°– 60°– 90° triangle, determine the
lengths of the short leg and hypotenuse. Write your answers as radicals
in simplest form.

13. 14.
60° c 60° c
a a
30° 30°
8 3 in. 11 3 m
__ __
b  8√ 3 in. b  11√ 3 m
__ __
8√__3  8 in.
a  ____
√3
11__
a  _____  11 m
√3 √3
c  2(8)  16 in. c  2(11)  22 m

15. 16.
60° c 60° c
a a
30° 30°
12 mi 18 ft

b  12 mi b  18 ft
__ __ __ __
√ __ __
12
a  ___ 12
__ 3
__  _____ 12√ 3  4√ 3 mi
__  _____ 18
a  ___ 18 √
__ 3
__  _____ 18√ 3  6√ 3 ft
__  _____
√3 √3 √3 3 √3 √3 √3 3
4 __
c  2( 4√ 3 )  8√ 3 mi
__ __
b  2( 6√ 3 )  12√3 ft
__

Determine the area of each 30°– 60°– 90° triangle. Round your answer to the
nearest tenth, if necessary.

17.
60° 6 cm
a
30°
b

© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

6  3 cm
a  __
2 __
b  3√ 3 cm
__
1  3  3√ 3
A  __
2 __
9√ 3  7.8 cm2
A  ____
2
The area of the triangle is approximately 7.8 square centimeters.

Chapter 4 l Skills Practice 457

 18.
60° 12 km
a
30°
b

12  6 km
a  ___
2 __
b  6√ 3 km
__
1  6  6√ 3
A  __
2 __
√
A  36 3
_____
2 __
A  18√ 3  31.2 km2

The area of the triangle is approximately 31.2 square kilometers.

19. Universal Sporting Goods sells pennants in the shape of 30º– 60º– 90º triangles.
The length of the longest side of each pennant is 16 inches.

c  16 in.
16  8 in.
a  ___
2 __
b  8√ 3 in. 4
__
1  8  8√ 3
A  __
2 __
64√3
A  _____
2 __
A  32√ 3  55.4 in.2

The area of the pennant is approximately 55.4 square inches.

20. A factory produces solid drafting triangles in the shape of 30º– 60º– 90º triangles.
© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

The length of the side opposite the right angle is 15 centimeters.

c  15 cm
15 cm
a  ___
2 __
__
15 15√3 cm
b  ___(√ 3 )  _____
2 2
__
1 15 15 √ 3
A  __  ___  _____
2 2__ 2
225 √ 3
A  ______  48.7 cm2
8
The area of the drafting triangle is approximately 48.7 square centimeters.

458 Chapter 4 l Skills Practice

 Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________

Construct each triangle described using the given segment.

21. Construct
____
a 30°– 60°– 90° triangle by first constructing an equilateral triangle with
MN as a side, and then bisecting one of the sides.

M N

M N

4 22. Construct
___
a 30°– 60°– 90° triangle RST by first constructing an equilateral triangle
with RS as a side, and then bisecting the angle at R.

R S

© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

R S

Chapter 4 ● Skills Practice 459

 ___
23. Construct a 30°– 60°– 90° triangle EFG with EF as the side opposite the 30° angle
by first constructing an equilateral triangle.

E F

G E

24. Construct
___
a 30°– 60°– 90° triangle ABC by first copying angle A, and then drawing
AB as the hypotenuse.

A B

30°
A
4

A B
© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

460 Chapter 4 l Skills Practice

 Skills Practice Skills Practice for Lesson 4.5

Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________

Pasta Anyone?
Triangle Inequality Theorem
Vocabulary
Identify an example of each term in the diagram of triangle ABC.

1. Triangle Inequality Theorem B

AB  BC ⬎ AC

2. auxiliary line
A D C
Line BD is an auxiliary line.

Problem Set
Without measuring the angles, list the angles of each triangle in order from
least to greatest measure.

4 1. G
9 in.
2. Y

8 in.
H 4.7 cm
3.6 cm
11 in.
F

X 2.1 cm W

The smallest angle of a triangle is The smallest angle of a triangle is

opposite the shortest side. So, the opposite the shortest side. So, the
angles from least to greatest angles from least to greatest

© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

are H, F, G. are Y, X, W.

Chapter 4 l Skills Practice 461

 3. Q 4. T 12 in
S

8 ft 4 ft 9 in
15 in

P R U
6.43 ft

The smallest angle of a triangle is The smallest angle of a triangle is

opposite the shortest side. So, the opposite the shortest side. So, the
angles from least to greatest angles from least to greatest
are P, Q, R. are S, U, T.

5. F 6. K

9.2 yd
4.2 m
4.6 yd 5.8 m

G L
E 6 yd
5.2 m
M

The smallest angle of a triangle is The smallest angle of a triangle is

opposite the shortest side. So, the opposite the shortest side. So, the
angles from least to greatest angles from least to greatest
are G, F, E. are M, K, L. 4
Determine whether it is possible to form a triangle using each set of
segments with the given measurements. Explain your reasoning.

7. 3 in., 2.9 in., 5 in. 8. 8 ft, 9 ft, 11 ft

Yes. Because 3  2.9  5.9, and Yes. Because 8  9  17, and

5.9 is greater than 5. 17 is greater than 11.
© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

9. 4 m, 5.1 m, 12.5 m 10. 7.4 cm, 8.1 cm, 9.8 cm

No. Because 4  5.1  9.1, and Yes. Because 7.4  8.1  15.5, and
9.1 is not greater than 12.5. 15.5 is greater than 9.8.

11. 10 yd, 5 yd, 21 yd 12. 13.8 km, 6.3 km, 7.5 km

No. Because 5  10  15, and No. Because 6.3  7.5  13.8, and
15 is not greater than 21. 13.8 is not greater than 13.8.

13. 112 mm, 300 mm, 190 mm 14. 20.2 in., 11 in., 8.2 in.

Yes. Because 112  190  302, and No. Because 8.2  11  19.2, and
302 is greater than 300. 19.2 is not greater than 20.2.

462 Chapter 4 l Skills Practice

 Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________

15. 30 cm, 12 cm, 17 cm 16. 8 ft, 8 ft, 8 ft

No. Because 17  12  29, and Yes. Because 8  8  16, and

29 is not greater than 30. 16 is greater than 8.

Write an inequality that expresses the possible lengths of the unknown side
of each triangle.
___ ___
17. What could be the length of AB ? 18. What could be the length of DE ?
A D

6 cm
10 m

F 9 cm E
B 8m C

AB ⬍ AC  BC DE ⬍ DF  EF
AB ⬍ 10 m  8 m DE ⬍ 6 cm  9 cm
AB ⬍ 18 m DE ⬍ 15 cm
___ ___
19. What could be the length of HI ? 20. What could be the length of J L?
I J
4
20 in. 12 ft

H 14 in. G
7 ft L
K

HI ⬍ GH  GI JL ⬍ JK  KL
HI ⬍ 14 in.  20 in. JL ⬍ 12 ft  7 ft
HI ⬍ 34 in. JL ⬍ 19 ft

© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

Chapter 4 l Skills Practice 463

 ____ ___
21. What could be the length of MN ? 22. What could be the length of QR ?

M P

3 cm 13 mm
9 mm
N 11 cm O

R Q

MN ⬍ NO  MO QR ⬍ PR  PQ
MN ⬍ 11 cm  3 cm QR ⬍ 9 mm  13 mm
MN ⬍ 14 cm QR ⬍ 22 mm

4
© 2010 Carnegie Learning, Inc.

464 Chapter 4 l Skills Practice