The document discusses different types of modals and their functions. It provides examples of modals like can, could, may, must, have/has to, will, would, shall, should, ought to, and used to. The document also includes two exercises testing the use of modals in different contexts. Finally, it briefly discusses logical connectors and prepositions with example exercises.
The document discusses different types of modals and their functions. It provides examples of modals like can, could, may, must, have/has to, will, would, shall, should, ought to, and used to. The document also includes two exercises testing the use of modals in different contexts. Finally, it briefly discusses logical connectors and prepositions with example exercises.
The document discusses different types of modals and their functions. It provides examples of modals like can, could, may, must, have/has to, will, would, shall, should, ought to, and used to. The document also includes two exercises testing the use of modals in different contexts. Finally, it briefly discusses logical connectors and prepositions with example exercises.
The document discusses different types of modals and their functions. It provides examples of modals like can, could, may, must, have/has to, will, would, shall, should, ought to, and used to. The document also includes two exercises testing the use of modals in different contexts. Finally, it briefly discusses logical connectors and prepositions with example exercises.
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MODALS
TYPES FUNCTION EXAMPLES
To show ability to do something Aishah can read well
We can finish the work today.
To give permission You can leave now
They can attend the seminar Can tomorrow Could To ask politely Could I have some tea, please? Could you explain again?
To express possibility Could that be the thief?
Could be raining in KL now?
To ask/give permission May I leave now?
You may not go until you finish your work. May To express possibility Siti might have gone to the library Might He reads a lot so that he may To express wish/reason write better May God bless you
To give command You must follow the school rules.
The homework must be handed-in by tomorrow.
Must She has to go home now He
Has/Have Must indicates looks pale, he must be sick. to mandatory/compulsory Need You need not come for the meeting They need not pay the Need is usually used in the entrance fees negative form TYPES FUNCTION EXAMPLES
To express determination We will solve the problem
ourselves. By hook or by crook, I will finish the essay today.
To express habits Father will take a nap in the
afternoon Will Ali will go for extra classes every Would Tuesday afternoon.
To express request Would you give a hand? Would
you,please, pass the salt?
If I qualify, I will apply for the job.
Usually used in conditional If it rained, we would be stranded sentences
To express conditions If the weather is fine, we shall have
a game of badminton. If I pass my exam, I shall continue with the diploma.
Should also expresses We should tell the truth always
Shall/ obligation We should take care of our parents Should during their senior years..
We shall paint the house this week.
You should have done your work Forms of the future/past tense earlier.
To express obligation You ought to help your parents at
home. We ought to take a lot of water to avoid dehydration. Ought to To express advice You ought to take a rest if you are tired. The participants ought to dress formally for the dinner. We used to grow vegetables in our backyard. Used to The breadman used to come in the To express a past habit evening. EXERCISE 1
1. All of you …………….. queue up in the canteen.
2. Since you are injured, you ………………..not come for the practice. 3. Othman …………….. swim across the channel in two hours. 4. When I was young, I ………..fly kites there. 5. The SPM results …………….. be announced tomorrow 6. Adults …………. not sleep more than ten hours a day. 7. That naughty boy ………….. be punished. 8. It’s getting late. We …………… leave now. 9. Susan is not here. She …………. have gone to Lily’s house. 10. Excuse me, ………….. please give this notes to Ahmad?
EXERCISE 2
1. If you break the rule, you………… be sacked.
2. You ………….. report this matter to the principal. 3. …………… I borrow your pen , please? 4. The shopkeeper …………… give me some sweets whenever I go to 5. his shop 6. Majid …………. visit me when he was working in Penang. 7. How I wish we ……… go for a swim this afternoon 8. If I were you, I ……….. not listen to the stranger 9. The children ………… not come for the prayer meeting tonight 10. You have been neglecting your studies. You ……… work harder from now on.
11. We knew that the football match ……… be postponed
Logical Connectors
Exercise 1
1. Therefore 6. however 2. Meanwhile 7. Then 3. As a result 8. Eventually 4. Then 9. In addition 5. In addition 10. Thus
Prepositions
Exercise 1 Exercise 2
1. of, without 1. to 2. in, for 2. on, on 3. since, with 3. to, over 4. from, after 4. across 5. on, for 5. under, since 6. on 6. in, of, for, to 7. under, with 7. by, at, in, out, to 8. off, out 8. from, in, of, out 9. during, in 9. on, of, to, in, at 10. down, about 10. up, about, of, at, at
Modals
Exercise 1
1. must 6. should 2. should 7. will 3. could 8. should 4. used to 9. will 5. should 10. could
Map of Prospect Cemetery, Glasnevin, County Dublin, Ireland Indicating Burial Places of Noted Persons and Communities and Containing Some Illustrations
Map of Prospect Cemetery, Glasnevin, County Dublin, Ireland Indicating Burial Places of Noted Persons and Communities and Containing Some Illustrations
