Practical - 01 Introduction To JDBC

Component Technology(BTIT-505) Suyash Jain (1601DMBIT01011)
Practical – 01
Introduction to JDBC.
 What is JDBC?
JDBC stands for Java Database Connectivity. JDBC is a Java API to connect and execute the
query with the database. It is a part of JavaSE (Java Standard Edition). JDBC API uses JDBC
drivers to connect with the database. There are four types of JDBC drivers:
o JDBC-ODBC Bridge Driver,

o Native Driver,
o Network Protocol Driver, and
o Thin Driver
We can use JDBC API to access tabular data stored in any relational database. By the help of
JDBC API, we can save, update, delete and fetch data from the database. It is like Open Database
Connectivity (ODBC) provided by Microsoft.
Fig. -01
The current version of JDBC is 01. It is the stable release since 21st September, 2017. It is based
on the X/Open SQL Call Level Interface. The java.sql package contains classes and interfaces for
JDBC API. A list of popular interfaces of JDBC API are given below:
o Driver interface
o Connection interface
o Statement interface
o PreparedStatement interface
o CallableStatement interface
o ResultSet interface
o ResultSetMetaData interface
o DatabaseMetaData interface
o RowSet interface
IT,SVIIT,Indore Page 1
A list of popular classes of JDBC API are given below:

o DriverManager class
o Blob class
o Clob class
o Types class
 Why Should We Use JDBC?

Before JDBC, ODBC API was the database API to connect and execute the query with the
database. But, ODBC API uses ODBC driver which is written in C language (i.e. platform
dependent and unsecured). That is why Java has defined its own API (JDBC API) that uses JDBC
drivers (written in Java language).
We can use JDBC API to handle database using Java program and can perform the following
activities:
1. Connect to the database
2. Execute queries and update statements to the database
3. Retrieve the result received from the database.
 JDBC Driver-
JDBC Driver is a software component that enables java application to interact with the database.
There are 4 types of JDBC drivers:
1. JDBC-ODBC bridge driver
2. Native-API driver (partially java driver)
3. Network Protocol driver (fully java driver)
4. Thin driver (fully java driver)
1) JDBC-ODBC bridge driver

The JDBC-ODBC bridge driver uses ODBC driver to connect to the database. The JDBC-
ODBC bridge driver converts JDBC method calls into the ODBC function calls. This is now
discouraged because of thin driver.
Oracle does not support the JDBC-ODBC Bridge from Java 8. Oracle recommends that you use
JDBC drivers provided by the vendor of your database instead of the JDBC-ODBC Bridge.
Advantages:
o easy to use.
o can be easily connected to any database.
Disadvantages:
o Performance degraded because JDBC method call is converted into the ODBC function
calls.
o The ODBC driver needs to be installed on the client machine.
2) Native-API driver
The Native API driver uses the client-side libraries of the database. The driver converts JDBC
method calls into native calls of the database API. It is not written entirely in java.
Advantage:
o performance upgraded than JDBC-ODBC bridge driver.
Disadvantage:
o The Native driver needs to be installed on the each client machine.

o The Vendor client library needs to be installed on client machine.
3) Network Protocol driver

The Network Protocol driver uses middleware (application server) that converts JDBC calls
directly or indirectly into the vendor-specific database protocol. It is fully written in java.
Advantage:
o No client side library is required because of application server that can perform many
tasks like auditing, load balancing, logging etc.
Disadvantages:
o Network support is required on client machine.
o Requires database-specific coding to be done in the middle tier.
o Maintenance of Network Protocol driver becomes costly because it requires database-
specific coding to be done in the middle tier.
4) Thin driver
The thin driver converts JDBC calls directly into the vendor-specific database protocol. That is
why it is known as thin driver. It is fully written in Java language.
Advantage:
o Better performance than all other drivers.
o No software is required at client side or server side.
Disadvantage:
o Drivers depend on the Database.
 Java Database Connectivity Steps

There are 5 steps to connect any java application with the database using JDBC. These steps are
as follows:
o Register the Driver class
o Create connection
o Create statement
o Execute queries
o Close connection
1) Register the driver class

The forName() method of Class class is used to register the driver class. This method is used to
dynamically load the driver class.
Syntax of forName() method

1. public static void forName(String className)throws ClassNotFoundException
Example to register the OracleDriver class:-
Here, Java program is loading oracle driver to esteblish database connection.

1. Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
2) Create the connection object

The getConnection() method of DriverManager class is used to establish connection with the
database.
Syntax of getConnection() method
1. public static Connection getConnection(String url)throws SQLException
2. public static Connection getConnection(String url,String name,String password)

throws SQLException
Example to establish connection with the Oracle database

1. Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(
2. "jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe","system","password");
3) Create the Statement object

The createStatement() method of Connection interface is used to create statement. The object of
statement is responsible to execute queries with the database.
Syntax of createStatement() method
1. public Statement createStatement()throws SQLException
Example to create the statement object

1. Statement stmt=con.createStatement();
4) Execute the query

The executeQuery() method of Statement interface is used to execute queries to the database. This
method returns the object of ResultSet that can be used to get all the records of a table.
Syntax of executeQuery() method
1. public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql)throws SQLException
Example to execute query

ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("select * from emp");
while(rs.next()){
System.out.println(rs.getInt(1)+" "+rs.getString(2));
}
5) Close the connection object

By closing connection object statement and ResultSet will be closed automatically. The close()
method of Connection interface is used to close the connection.
Syntax of close() method

1. public void close()throws SQLException
Example to close connection

1. con.close();
 Sample Code:
import java.sql.*;
class Conndemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
Connection con =
DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/conn","root","root");
Statement stmt=con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("select * from student");
while(rs.next())
{
System.out.println(rs.getInt("sid")+" "+rs.getString(2)+" "+rs.getString(3));
}
con.close();
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
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Component Technology(BTIT-505) Suyash Jain (1601DMBIT01011)

o JDBC-ODBC Bridge Driver,

A list of popular classes of JDBC API are given below:

 Why Should We Use JDBC?

1) JDBC-ODBC bridge driver

o The ODBC driver needs to be installed on the client machine.

o performance upgraded than JDBC-ODBC bridge driver.

o The Native driver needs to be installed on the each client machine.

3) Network Protocol driver

 Java Database Connectivity Steps

1) Register the driver class

Syntax of forName() method

Example to register the OracleDriver class:-

Here, Java program is loading oracle driver to esteblish database connection.

2) Create the connection object

1. public static Connection getConnection(String url)throws SQLException

2. public static Connection getConnection(String url,String name,String password)

Example to establish connection with the Oracle database

3) Create the Statement object

Example to create the statement object

4) Execute the query

Example to execute query

5) Close the connection object

Syntax of close() method

Example to close connection

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