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This project report describes a system to monitor pollution levels from automobiles using gas sensors and an STM microcontroller. The system uses MQ7 and MQ135 sensors to measure the carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide levels in vehicle emissions. It converts the sensor voltage outputs to CO and CO2 ppm values using formulas from the sensor datasheets. If the ppm levels exceed limits, an SMS is sent to pollution authorities via a GSM module to alert them. The project aims to help control pollution by identifying emissions from vehicles.

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Pranav Reddy
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60 views3 pages

Embedded Proj

This project report describes a system to monitor pollution levels from automobiles using gas sensors and an STM microcontroller. The system uses MQ7 and MQ135 sensors to measure the carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide levels in vehicle emissions. It converts the sensor voltage outputs to CO and CO2 ppm values using formulas from the sensor datasheets. If the ppm levels exceed limits, an SMS is sent to pollution authorities via a GSM module to alert them. The project aims to help control pollution by identifying emissions from vehicles.

Uploaded by

Pranav Reddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Embedded Systems

Project Report

Group No: 34

Monitoring pollution content levels of Automobiles using STM Microcontroller

Objective

We want to develop a model which consists of two gas sensors to continuously monitor the
pollutant levels. At present time all over the world environment is getting polluted to a dangerous
extent. We need to have control over this pollution so to control it we first need to identify one of
the major sources of the same. So, our system is continuously monitoring the pollutant level by
measuring the pollutant gases ppm content in vehicular emissions and transmits a message using
GSM to the pollution authority by sms if the vehicle is exceeding the pollutant content limit. As
the major pollutants released from vehicles are CO and CO2 we are considering to measure the
content of these particular gases in the emissions. So we have used to gas sensors, one for CO and the
other for CO2.

Block Diagram
Circuit Explanation

MQ7 gas sensor

MQ7 sensor is used to identify the Carbon Monoxide content. It is used as CO detection
equipment in vehicular pollution. MQ7 is made by micro AL2O3 ceramic tube and Tin Dioxide
sensitive layer. The incoming polluted gas decreases the resistance of the sensor thereby
increasing the conductivity and hence increasing the voltage across RL. This voltage change is
converted to ppm value using log-log graphs and data sheets of MQ7 sensor. MQ7 has 6 pins. 4
pins are used for input signals and remaining 2 pins are used to provide heating current. Test
loop circuit of MQ7 is shown below.

Sensor Circuit Diagram

MQ135 Gas Sensor

MQ135 sensor is used to identify the Carbon Dioxide content of vehicular pollution. MQ135
circuitry and working is similar to the MQ7 sensor (tin dioxide layer). This voltage change is
converted to ppm value using log-log graphs and data sheets of MQ135 sensor. MQ135 has 6
pins. 4 pins are used for input signals and remaining 2 pins are used to provide heating current.
Test loop circuit of MQ135 is also same as above figure except for the load resistance.

● Load resistance is used to adjust the sensitivity of both the sensors.


RL (MQ135) = 22K
RL (MQ7) =

Formula used to change the voltage to ppm is,


Ppm = A *[(rs/ro)^b]
A = 121.3
b = -2.7
These values are obtained from log-log graph of MQ135 Data sheet.
Procedure:

● As we get the analog output from the sensors we feed it to the ADC input to the STM.
● We scale this voltage with max at 5V.
● This voltage is what is varying when we expose this sensor to the vehicle emission.
● We convert this voltage to ppm by using appropriate formulas obtained from the data
sheet of the following sensors as we have mentioned above.
● So finally the ppm values of CO and CO2 in vehicular emissions using both the sensors
are obtained.
● Now, these ppm values are sent to the Pollution Authority via GSM by sms if they
exceed the limit.

Errors encountered:

● Errors when converting the analog output voltage of the sensors into ppm values.
● One sensor can detect many gases, we have to carefully calibrate the gas which we want
to find out.
● Interfacing the GSM with stm32 (some trouble using the GSM commands).

What we have achieved

We were able to achieve our objective of sending the information of the pollutants “ppm” values
to vehicle pollution authority, if they exceeded permissible limits stipulated via GSM.

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