K610

INTRODUCTION
This is the GPS based vehicle accident detection and security system. A GPS receiver must be receive the
signal of satellites to calculate the position (latitude & longitude) & send the data to micro controller. All function is
done by micro controller. MCU read the information of GPS modem & display on LCD. In the vehicle has different
sensors like fire detection, CNG gas leakage , smoke detector or vibration sensor, etc. when any sensor detection in
vehicle, MCU send the location & sensor via SMS to user.

In this project pic micro controller is used for interfacing to various hardware peripherals. The current design
is an embedded application, which will continuously monitor a moving vehicle and report the status of vehicle on
demand. For doing so an EPIC16Fxxx microcontroller is interfaced serially to a GSM modem & GPS receiver. A GSM
modem will continuously give the data i.e. the latitude & longitude indicating the position of the vehicle. The GPS
modem gives many parameters as the output, but only the NMEA data coming out is read and displayed on LCD. The
same data is send to the mobile at the other end from where the position of the vehicle demanded. An MCU internal
EEPROM is used to store the mobile no.

The Majors Buildings Blocks of This Projects Are:

 Microcontroller based interface
 GPS Receiver for tracking A location information
 GSM Modem for remote communication ( send or receive SMS )
 External Sensor inputs
 16*2 LCD MODULE
 Relay & Buzzer
 Regulated power supply

Specification & features:

 4 Digital input for external sensor interfacing = Active low @5VDC
 16*2 LCD Display module
 Status of external sensor inputs & racking information with LCD display
 Operating vtg- 12 to 15 V DC
 Operating current – 500MA ( approx. without GSM & GPS MODULE)
 Advance GPS Based real time tracking sys.
 Tri-band GSM Interfacing to send & received SMS
 Can be operated from anywhere no distance limit
 Based on GSM network , applied to many application
 Easy massage to control & monitoring
 Communicate from any other mobile phone ( GSM/CDMA)
 ON bored flash EEPROM to store the same no. & user settings ( No require battery backup)
 User programmable cell no. to receive SMS from sys.
 User can store or modify the user cell no. by sending a SMS
 Send SMS to mobile phone automatically while alarming. Send SMS to user mobile phone
 Get inquiry status of location, sensors status, buzzer ( alarm), & relay output by SMS
 Relay based switching output for external load like, vehicle ignition, siren, strobe light etc.
 Relay on / off LED indication
  Internal buzzer for alarm indication
 Power on LED indication
 Diode protection for reverse polarity connection of dc supply to the PCB
 Onboard regulator for regulated supply to the kit
 Extremely easy to installed
 PIC Microcontroller based design for better flexibility & advance features

The GPS – GSM (SMS) Based accident detection / tracking sys. Suitable for below
application:
1. Vehicle Tracking sys.
2. Human & Animal tracking sys.
3. Vehicle security sys.
GPS Introduction:
The GPS is global navigation satellite system which uses a constellation of between 24 & 32 medium earth
orbit satellites that transmit precise microwave signals that enable GPS receiver to determine their locations, speed,
direction & time. GPS has become a widely used aid to navigation a worldwide, & useful tool for map- making, land
surveying, commerce, scientific uses, tracking & surveillance, & hobbies such geo-caching & way marking. Also the
precise time reference is using many application including the scientific study of earthquakes & as a time
synchronization source for cellular networks protocols. GPS has become a mainstay of transportation system worldwide,
providing navigation for aviation, ground, and maritime operations. Disaster relief & emergency services depend upon
GPS for location & timing capabilities in their life-saving mission. The accurate timing GPS provides facilitates everyday
activities such as banking, mobile phone operations, & even control of power grids. Farmers, surveyors, geologists &
countless others perform their work more efficiently, safely, economically, & accurately using the free & open GPS
signals.

GPS Operation
A GPS receiver calculates its position by carefully timing the signal send by the constellation of GPS satellite high
above the earth. Each satellite continually transmits massages containing the time the message was sent, a precise orbit
for the satellite sending the message (the ephemeris) ,and the general system health and rough orbit of all GPS satellite.
These signal travel at the speed light through outer space and slightly slower through the atmosphere. The receiver uses
the arrival time of each message to measure distance to each satellite thereby establishing that the GPS receiver
approximately on the surfaces of spheres centered at each satellite. The GPS receiver uses also, when appropriate, the
knowledge that the GPS receiver is on (if vehicle altitude is known) or near the surface of a sphere centered at the earth
center. This information is then used to estimate the position of GPS receiver at the inter section of sphere surfaces. The
resulting coordinates are converted to a more convenient form the user such as latitude & longitude, on location on a
map, than displayed. It might seem that 3 surfaces would be enough to solve that position, since space has 3 displayed.
However a 4th condition is needed to for 2 reasons. One has to do with position & the other is to correct the GPS
receiver clock. It turns out that 3 sphere surfaces usually intersect in 2 points. Thus a fourth sphere is needed to
determine which intersection is the GPS receiver position. For near earth vehicle, this knowledge that it is near is
sufficient to determine the GPS receiver position since for the case there is only one intersection which is near earth. A
fourth sphere surface is also needed to correct the GPS receiver clock. More precise information is needed for these
task. An estimate of the radius of the sphere is required. Therefore an approximation of earth altitude or radius of the
sphere center at the satellite must be known.
 A GPS receiver consist of two units, first is active antenna which receivers RF signal and amplifies it. The antenna
is active in the sense it takes power from the module and amplifies the signal for high sensitivity. The RF signal is filtered
and processed to generate NMEA format serial data output.

GSM Technology:-

GSM (Global system for mobile communication, originally group special mobile), is standard set developed by the
European Telecommunication Standard Institute (ETSI) to describe technologies for second generation (2G) digital cellular networks.
Developed as a replacement of first generation (1G) analog cellular networks, the GSM standard originally described a digital, circuit
switched network optimized for full duplex voice telephony. The standard was expanded over time to include first circuit switched
data transport, then pocket data transport via EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution). The GSM standard is more impound
after the development of tried generation (3G) UMPS slandered developed by 3GPP.

GSM networks will evolve further as they begin to incorporate fourth generation (4G) LTE advanced standards. GSM is a
trademark is owned by the GSM association.
BUZZER:-
A 12V buzzer is connected to port RD.6 (29) of the microcontroller through a driver transistor (Q1). The
buzzer required 12Volt at a current of around 100 ma, which cannot provide by the microcontroller. So the
driver transistor is added. The relay is used to addible alarm indication. Normally the buzzer remains off. As
soon as pin of the microcontroller goes high, the buzzer operates.
RELAY INTERFACE:-
A single pole dabble throw (SPDT) relay is connected to port (30) of the microcontroller through a
driver transistor (Q2). The relay requires 12 volts at a current of around 100 ma, which cannot provided by the
microcontroller. So the driver transistor is added. The relay is used to operates vehicle ignition, external siren,
electronic lock, CCTV camera, strobe light or any other electrical device etc. normally the relay remains off. As
soon as pin of the microcontroller goes high, the relay operates. When the relay operates and release. Diode
D1 is the slandered diode on a mechanical relay to prevent back EMF from damaging Q2 when the relay
release. LED L1 indicate relay is operated. LED has a current limiting resister in series. The LED/resister
combination is simply in parallel with the relay.
How to Connect Load with Relay?
DIGRAM:-
The output of the project is controlled by
Special Features of Microcontroller:-
 High performance of RISC CPU
 Operating speed:DC-20 MHz clock input -200 ns instruction cycle
 128 bytes of data memory (RAM)
 2~4K FLASH program memory
 10-bit multi-channel analog-to-digital convertor
 Power- on reset(POR)
 Power-up timer(PWRT) and oscillator start-up timer (OST)
 Watchdog timer(WDT) with its own on-chip RC oscillator for reliable operation
 Programmable code protection
 Power saving SLEEP mode
 Selectable oscillator options
 Low power, high speed CMOS FLASH/EEPROM technology
 Fully static design
 Single 5V in- circuit serial programming capability
 Wide operating voltage range:2.0V to 5.5V
 High sink/source current:25 mA
 Commercial, industrial and extended temperature ranges
 Low-power consumption