Heavy Mineral Concentration in Bangladesh

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Heavy Mineral Concentration in the Cox’s Bazar Sea Beach

with its Economic Importance.

Introduction: Cox's Bazar is a city, fishing port, tourism center


and district headquarter in southeastern Bangladesh. It is the longest
natural sea beach in the world. It is located 150 km (93 mi) south of the
divisional headquarter of Chittagong. The beach in Cox's Bazar is sandy
and has a gentle slope; with an unbroken length of 120 km (75 mi).
Heavy minerals are defined as minerals having a higher density than
quartz, the most common rock-forming soil mineral with a density of 2.85
g/cm3. Heavy minerals exist in all sediments and sedimentary rocks.
Deposits are only formed when there is a very large enrichment of heavy
minerals. (Mineable) concentrations of relatively heavy or hard minerals
which have accumulated as a result of physical processes are called
placer(s) or placer deposits. Of the numerous heavy minerals, only a few
have economic significance due to their properties and prevalence. These
are called valuable heavy minerals. Globally, very large deposits of lighter
heavy minerals such as ilmenite, rutile and zircon form so-called beach
placers.
Major accumulations of metallic heavy minerals have been discovered at
many locations in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. The minerals were
deposited as placer deposits in association with the formation of sand
dunes.
The discovery of valuable heavy minerals in Bangladesh could kick
start the country’s economy. A total of 17 mineral sands deposits
containing 23 percent heavy minerals for an estimated reserve of 4.35
million tons have been identified. Only eight are economically viable.
They are: ilmenite, zircon, rutile, magnetite, leucoxene, kyanite, garnet
and monazite. (Source: Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC)).
The minerals are scattered in an area of about 8,000 hectares of land in
Cox's Bazar district. Bangladeshi authorities have already set up a
government committee to manage the resources. Heavy minerals found in
Bangladesh are in high demand, both at home and abroad. For this reason,
exploiting such resources will require cooperation or a joint venture with
foreign countries with experience in mineral development. Ilmenite,
leucoxene and rutile are important because they contain some of the
highest concentrations of titanium.
Heavy minerals are important economic resources as they are useful in
many industrial applications such as manufacturing of tiles and pigments.
Currently heavy minerals is one of the most impressive sectors to invest
in due to high demand for zircon and titanium dioxide by China, India and
other emerging strong global economies.

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