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Lab 8 PDF

The document discusses interprocess communication using sockets. It describes what sockets are, including that they are endpoints identified by an IP address and port number. Sockets use a client-server model, with the server listening on a port for client requests. Common socket types are stream sockets using TCP and datagram sockets using UDP. Key functions for socket programming include socket(), bind(), listen(), accept(), send(), and recv(). It also covers C structures for socket addresses like sockaddr_in and provides examples of a basic TCP client-server model.

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Muddassir Ahmed
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129 views7 pages

Lab 8 PDF

The document discusses interprocess communication using sockets. It describes what sockets are, including that they are endpoints identified by an IP address and port number. Sockets use a client-server model, with the server listening on a port for client requests. Common socket types are stream sockets using TCP and datagram sockets using UDP. Key functions for socket programming include socket(), bind(), listen(), accept(), send(), and recv(). It also covers C structures for socket addresses like sockaddr_in and provides examples of a basic TCP client-server model.

Uploaded by

Muddassir Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPERIMENT 8

InterProcess Communication using Sockets


Sockets:
A socket is defined as an endpoint for communication. A pair of processes communicating over a
network employs a pair of sockets—one for each process. A socket is identified by an IP address
concatenated with a port number. In general, sockets use a client–server architecture. The server
waits for incoming client requests by listening to a specified port. Once a request is received, the
server accepts a connection from the client socket to complete the connection. Servers
implementing specific services (such as telnet, FTP, and HTTP) listen to well-known ports (a telnet
server listens to port 23; an FTP server listens to port 21; and a web, or HTTP, server listens to
port 80). All ports below 1024 are considered well known; we can use them to implement standard
services.
 Communication points on the same or different computers to exchange data
 Allows communication between two different processes on the same of different machines
 Always has an address (IP and Port)
 A UNIX socket is used in a client-server application framework
 Server is a process that performs some functions on request from a client
 Just like a file (open, close, read, write)
IP address (Internet Prortocol) & Socket:
 IP address
 Identify hosts connected to the internet
 Written in a dotted-decimal notation of the form N1.N2.N3.N4 where each Ni is a
decimal number between 0 and 255
 Socket
 To identify a particular process running on a host
 An integer number
 Port numbers smaller than 1024 i.e. 0-1023 are well-known ports // port 80 for http
(standard service)
 We can use port numbers from 1024 to 65535
 Works like telephone extension
 Main phone number computer IP address
 Extension numbers set of port numbers

Loopback IP:
 The IP address 127.0.0.1 is a special IP address known as the loopback. When a computer
refers to IP address 127.0.0.1, it is referring to itself.
 This mechanism allows a client and server on the same host to communicate using the
TCP/IP protocol.
Types of Socket:
 Stream sockets (SOCK_STREAM)
 TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
 Message delivery is guaranteed
 Message order retains
 Sender receives error message on failure
 Datagram sockets (SOCK_DGRAM)
 UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
 Delivery not guaranteed
 Connection less (build message with destination information and sent it out)
Functions used in Socket Programming:
socket() Endpoint for communication
bind() Assign a unique telephone number
listen() Wait for a caller
connect() Dial a number
accept() Receive a call
send(), recv() Talk
close() Hang up

 socket( ) … get the file descriptor


 int sd=socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
 domain AF_INET, PF_INET
 type SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM
 protocol set to 0 for appropriate protocol selection, IPPROTO_TCP,
IPPROTO_UDP
 return socket descriptor on success and -1 on error
 Example
 int T_s=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
 bind( ) … what port am I on?
 Associate a socket id with an address to which other process can connect
 int status=bind(int sd, struct sockaddr* addrptr, int size);
 status 0 on success and -1 on error
 sd socket file descriptor created and return by socket()
 addrptr pointer to struct sockaddr type parameter, contains current socket IP and
port
 size size of addrptr
 connect( ) … request for connection
 int status=connect(int sd, struct sockaddr *serv_addr, int addrlen)
 status error -1
 sd socket file descriptor
 serv_addr is a pointer to struct sockaddr that contains destination IP address and
port
 addrlen size of serv_addr
 listen( )
 Waits for incoming connections
 int status=listen(int sd, int backlog);
 sd socket on which the server is listening
 backlog maximum number of connections pending in a queue
 status return -1 on error

 accept( )
 Blocking system call
 Waits for an incoming request and when received, creates a socket for it
 int sid=accept(int sd, struct sockaddr *cli_addr, int *addrlen)
 sid socket file descriptor for communication
 sd socket file descriptor used for listening
 addr poitner to struct sockaddr containing client address IP and Port
 addrlen size of struct sockaddr

 send( )
 int sb=send(int sd, const char *msg, int len, int flags);
 sb return number of bytes send of -1 for error
 sd socket file descriptor
 msg is a pointer to data buffer
 len number of bytes we want to send
 flags set it to 0 for default

 recv( )
 int rb=recv(inst sd, char *buf, int len, int flags);
 rb number of bytes received or -1 on error. 0 if connection is closed at other side
 sd socket file descriptor
 buf is a pointer to data buffer
 len receive up to len bytes in buffer pointer
 flag set it to 0 for default
 close( )
 Close connection on given socket and frees the socket descriptor
 int close(int sd);

struct sockaddr:
 Generic
 Holds socket address information for many types of sockets
struct_sockaddr{
unsigned short sa_family; //address family AF_xxx
unsigned short sa_data[14]; //14 bytes of protocol addr
}
struct sockaddr_in:
 IPV4 specific
struct_sockaddr_in{
short int sin_family; //set to AF_INET
unsigned short int sin_port; //port number
struct in_addr sin_addr; //internet address
unsigned char sin_zero[8]; //set to all zeros
}
TCP client-server model:

Commands for IP inquiry:


 ipconfig // windows
 ifconfig // linux
 hostname –I //linux
 ip addr show //linux
 Network tools

Header Files:

 Server runs first


Server:

Client:

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